Au niveau scientifique, les travaux s’axant sur le questionnement de la notion de mémoire liée aux représentations de la Shoah construites par un média, centrent majoritairement leurs propos sur la télévision, le cinéma, le livre (manuscrit) et la photographie. Bien loin d’avoir la prétention d’inverser la tendance, cette thèse se place dans une logique de complémentarité en dressant un état des lieux de la dynamique du souvenir de l’élimination des Juifs dans la bande dessinée. Par le biais d’une mise en résonance avec les cadres de la mémoire, seront explicitées et interprétées l’apparition et l’évolution des multiples aspects de l’événement abordé durant plus de soixante ans au sein des BD parues en France ainsi que les enjeux sous-tendant la réception des albums ayant pour « thème global » la Shoah. / On the scientific level, the works focusing on the questionning of the concept of memory linked to the representations of the Shoah built by a media, mostly focus their remarks on television, cinema, books (maniscript) and photography. Far from claiming to reverse the trend, this thesis in based on a logic of complementarity in compiling an inventory of the dynamics of the memory of the elimination of Jews in comics. Though a resonance with the frames of memory, the emergence and development of many aspects of the vent, represented for morer than sixty years in the comics published in Francew will be explained and interpreted as well as issues underlying how the comics with the Shoah as a « global theme » were received by people.

Bochum, Univ., Diss., 2003. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Bochum, Univ., Diss., 2003. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Bochum, Universiẗat, Diss., 2003.

Köln, Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:16:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-12 / The work in the area of the violence against child and the adolescent requests intervention professional and the action becomes more effective when promoted by a group of institutions acting in a coordinated way - I " work in net ". In that sense, the notification provides visibility of the limits of the service of health, the problem there detected and it summons partnerships whose action has been showing indispensable in the area. Before the dimension of the problem for the collective health, the study (i) it analyzed the process of notification of ill-treatments in children and adolescents for doctors, male nurses and dentists of the Strategy Health of the Family in Fortaleza-Ceará, in the exercise of your practice; (ii) it identified those professionals' optics in relation to ill-treatments in children and adolescents and (iii) it investigated the difficulties referred by the participants that interfere in the notification, during the attendance in the Strategy Health of the Family. With quantitative approach, it was characterized as a study of cut-traverse, accomplished in Fortaleza, Ceará, between August and November of 2007, with the 359 medical professionals' participation, male nurses and dentists, registered in the Teams of Health of the Family. As instrument of collection of data was used a questionnaire with closed and open questions that it was given to the participants with your local managers' mediation. The data originating from of the closed subjects were organized, codified, tabulated and submitted to the descriptive statistical analysis and calculations of the probability measures, through the test qui-square of Pearson (x2) with respective value of p = 0,05, in the program Statistical Social Package Sciences - SPSS, version 13.0 goes Windows. The answers of the open subjects were analyzed through the analysis of content freqüencial proposed by Bardin (1977). The research was approved by the committee of ethics of the University of Fortaleza with the number 072/2007. Among the 359 participants, 52,0% didn't know the notification record; 69,0% denied participation in some training on the theme and 10,5% didn't have interest in updating on her the subject. Among the professionals, the male nurses were what more notified the violence against children and adolescents registering a percentile of 44,0%. The time of those professionals' formation went significant estatisticamente to the notification of cases (p=0,002) and the knowledge of the notification record was significant in the identification of the cases of violence for the professional (p <0,001). These professionals visualize the importance of instituting the notification of ill-treatments in the basic attention, once 85,7% affirmed to be beneficial that practice. The difficulties referred by the professionals for us to execute the notification of ill-treatments in practice of the basic attention they were the fear of legal and emotional involvement, lack of trainings in the area, misses of structure of the support services the victim and the professional, among others. It is ended that the notification of ill-treatments in children and adolescents for professionals of the Strategy Health of the Family happens of punctual way and not systematized, in that sense, the increment of programs of continuous formation, the improvement of the protection institutions to the child and the adolescent and the amplification of the nets of professional support can reduce the degree of professional insecurity and to increase the number of notifications of cases of illtreatments. / O trabalho na área da violência contra criança e o adolescente requer intervenção interdisciplinar e a ação torna-se mais eficaz quando promovida por um conjunto de instituições atuando de modo coordenado trabalho em rede . Nesse sentido, a notificação proporciona visibilidade dos limites do serviço de saúde, o problema ali detectado e convoca parcerias cuja ação tem-se mostrado imprescindível na área. Diante da dimensão do problema para a saúde coletiva, o estudo (i) analisou o processo de notificação de maus-tratos em crianças e adolescentes por médicos, enfermeiros e cirurgiões-dentistas da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Fortaleza-Ceará, no exercício de sua práxis; (ii) identificou a ótica desses profissionais em relação a maus-tratos em crianças e adolescentes e (iii) investigou as dificuldades referidas pelos participantes que interferem na notificação, durante o atendimento na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Com abordagem quantitativa, caracterizou-se como um estudo de corte-transversal, realizado em Fortaleza, Ceará, entre agosto e novembro de 2007, com a participação de 359 profissionais médicos, enfermeiros e cirurgiões-dentistas, cadastrados nas Equipes de Saúde da Família. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário com perguntas fechadas e abertas que foi entregue aos participantes com a mediação de seus gestores locais. Os dados oriundos das questões fechadas foram organizados, codificados, tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e a cálculos das medidas de significância, através do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (x2) com respectivo valor de p = 0,05, no programa Statistical Package Social Sciences SPSS, versão 13.0 for Windows. As respostas das questões abertas foram analisadas através da análise de conteúdo freqüencial proposta por Bardin (1977). A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comitê de ética da Universidade de Fortaleza com o número 072/2007. Dentre os 359 participantes, 52,0% não conheciam a ficha de notificação; 69,0% negaram participação em algum treinamento sobre o tema e 10,5% não tinham interesse em atualizar-se sobre o assunto. Dentre os profissionais, os enfermeiros foram os que mais notificaram a violência contra crianças e adolescentes registrando um percentual de 44,0%. O tempo de formação desses profissionais foi estatisticamente significante para a notificação de casos (p=0,002) e o conhecimento da ficha de notificação foi significante na identificação dos casos de violência pelo profissional (p<0,001). Estes profissionais visualizam a importância de instituir a notificação de maus-tratos na atenção básica, uma vez que 85,7% afirmaram ser benéfica essa prática. As dificuldades referidas pelos profissionais para efetivarem a notificação de maus-tratos na prática da atenção básica foram o medo de envolvimento legal e emocional, falta de capacitações na área, falta de estrutura dos serviços de apoio à vítima e ao profissional, dentre outros. Conclui-se que a notificação de maus-tratos em crianças e adolescentes por profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família ocorre de maneira pontual e assistemática, nesse sentido, o incremento de programas de formação continuada, o aprimoramento das instituições de proteção à criança e ao adolescente e a ampliação das redes de suporte profissional poderão reduzir o grau de insegurança profissional e incrementar o número de notificações de casos de maus-tratos.

Die Entwicklung und Zulassung von Arzneimitteln sowie die Bewertung von Xenobio-tika erfordern eine Reihe von Testsystemen zur Toxizitätsermittlung. Für die Überprüfung der Gentoxizität stehen eine Vielzahl etablierter Testsysteme zur Verfügung, die oft auf Krebszelllinien basieren. Krebszelllinien haben jedoch die Eigenschaft, neben den für die Testung notwendigen Veränderungen weitere Veränderungen zu tragen, die zu Reaktionen führen können, wie sie in den Primärzellen des Organismus nicht auftreten. Daher ist die Kenntnis des genetischen Hintergrunds der verwendeten Krebszelllinien wertvoll, um Testergebnisse bewerten und gentoxische Risikopotentiale abschätzen zu können. Die Mauslymphomzelllinie L5178Y nimmt unter den auf Krebszellen basierenden Testsystemen eine besondere Stellung ein, da sie die weltweit in der Gentoxizi-tätsprüfung am häufigsten eingesetzte Zelllinie ist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde in dieser Zellllinie eine Veränderung nachgewiesen, die das Mismatch-Reparatur-System (MMR-System) betrifft. Bei der MMR handelt es sich um einen Mechanismus, der daran beteiligt ist, die Integrität des Genoms zu gewährleisten. In MMR-profizienten Zellen werden Fehler in der DNA, die bei der Replikation, der homologen Rekombination oder durch äußere gentoxische Einwirkungen entstehen, entweder erkannt und repariert, oder die geschädigten Zellen werden durch die Induktion von Apoptosen eliminiert. Im Gegensatz dazu überleben MMR-defiziente Zellen trotz gravierender DNA-Schäden und akkumulieren diese. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Akkumulierung von Genomschäden bei L5178Y-Zellen als Reaktion auf Behandlung mit alkylierenden Agenzien beobachtet, während andere Vergleichszelllinien Apoptosen induzierten. Dieses Verhalten der L5178Y-Zellen, das in der Literatur bei MMR-defizienten Zellen für alkylierende Agenzien beschrieben ist, führte zu der Vermutung, dass die L5178Y-Zellen einen MMR-defizienten Phänotyp aufweisen. Dieser MMR-defiziente Phänotyp wurde durch gezielte Behandlung von L5178Y-Zellen und Zellen mit bekanntem MMR-Status mit dem alkylierenden Agenz MNNG und dem anschließenden Vergleich der Reaktionen geprüft und bestätigt. Der Ver-gleich erfolgte durch den Nachweis gentoxischer Effekte im Mikrokern-Test und im Comet Assay. Auf Proteinebene konnte für den gezeigten MMR-defizienten Phänotyp bei den drei wichtigsten, in die MMR involvierten Proteine, MLH1, MSH2 und MSH6 keine Ursa-che gefunden werden: Alle untersuchten Proteine zeigten eine Expression, die mit denen der MMR-profizienten Kontrollzelllinien vergleichbar war. Auf DNA-Ebene wurde durch die Analyse aller bekannter, in die MMR involvierter Gene durch die Sequenzierung der kodierenden Bereiche als wichtigste Verände-rung eine Insertions-Mutation (964(insC)) in pms2 gefunden. Diese führt nach 260 Aminosäuren zu einer Leserasterverschiebung und nach 313 Aminosäuren zu einem Abbruch der Aminosäuresequenz aufgrund eines Stop-Codons. Zwar ist somit die Information für den N-terminalen Bereich von PMS2, der die DNA-Bindedomäne und die ATP-ase aktiven Stellen beinhaltet, vorhanden, die für den C-Terminus hingegen, der für die Dimerisierung mit dem MMR-Protein MLH1 und damit für die Funktion essentiell ist, fehlt. Insgesamt wurde in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, dass die L5178Y-Zelllinie MMR-defizient ist. Mit der Insertions-Mutation (964(insC)) in pms2 wurde eine molekulare Ursache gefunden, die diese Defizienz erklären kann. Daraus folgt für den Einsatz der L5178Y-Zelllinie in Gentoxizitätstests, dass die Berücksichtigung ihrer MMR-Defizienz die Möglichkeit der Bewertung von Testergebnissen erheblich erweitern kann. / The development and approval of pharmaceuticals as well as the evaluation of xenobiotics require several test systems for the detection of genotoxicity. There is a number of established genotoxicity test systems, which are often based on cancer cell lines. In addition to mutations that are essential for genotoxicity testing, cancer cell lines may also carry mutations that might cause reactions not occurring in the primary cells of the organism. Therefore the knowledge of the genetic background of the cell line used is important for the evaluation of test results and the subsequent genotoxicity risk assessment. Among test systems that are based on cancer cells the mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y adopts a very prominent position due to its worldwide application for genotoxicity testing. The dissertation on hand provides evidence that there are mutations in the L5178Y cell line that are related to the mismatch-repair system (MMR system). MMR participates in safeguarding the genomic integrity. In MMR-proficient cells, DNA defects that arise during replication, homologous recombination or as a result of genotoxic effects are either recognized and repaired or the genetically altered cells are eliminated by induction of apoptosis. MMR-deficient cells, however, survive despite serious DNA defects and accumulate them. The accumulation of DNA damage as result of treatment with alkylating agents had been observed in L5178Y cells while other cell lines had reacted with an induction of apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis after treatment with alkylating agents is described in the literature as a typical behaviour for MMR-deficient cells. From this the hypothesis was established, that L5178Y-cells might exhibit a MMR-deficient phenotype. This MMR-deficient phenotype was proven by selective treatment of L5178Y cells and cells with known MMR status with the alkylating agent MNNG followed by the subsequent comparison of the different reactions. The comparison was carried out by the detection of genotoxic effects using the micronucleus test and the comet assay. On the protein level there was not an indication that the observed MMR-deficiency was related to the the three most important MMR-proteins MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6: All proteins demonstrated expression levels that were comparable to the levels of the MMR-proficient control cells. On the DNA level, however, several mutations were detected by sequence analysis of the coding regions of all genes known to be involved in MMR. The most important among these mutations was an insertion mutation (964(insC)) in pms2, that caused a frameshift after 260 amino acids. By this frameshift, a stop-codon was introduced, leading to an interruption of the sequence after 313 amino acids. While the information of the N-terminal region of pms2 containing the DNA-binding domain as well as the ATPase active sites is still present, the information of the C-terminus is lost. This region is responsible for the dimerisation with the MMR-protein MLH1. Therefore, the MMR-function that is due to this complex, is missing. In conclusion, a MMR-deficiency of L5178Y cells was demonstrated. This MMR-deficiency is explained by an insertion-mutation in pms2 (964(insC)). Consideration of this MMR-deficiency enhances the meaningfulness of the evaluation of test results with L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells in risk assessment.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-30T00:32:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-20 / Introduction: Due to rapid global aging, elder abuse becomes a prevailing public health problem in society. Objective: To evaluate the reports of violence against the Elderly in Fortaleza in the last 10 years. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative, retrospective study using a survey of the temporal data available in SINAN (Information System for Notifiable Diseases), in the city of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, from January 2008 to May 2018. The study comprised 537 cases of elderly individuals aged 60 years or over. The bivariate analysis was applied using the Chi-square test and the multivariate analysis using the Poisson regression model, using the SPSS software version 23.0. Results: Of the total, 56.5% (n = 301) were neglected, and 30.7% suffered physical violence. Older women aged between 70 and 79 years (40.2%), female (61.5%), brown (61.5%) were the most affected by male perpetrators (33.9%), aged between 25 and 59 years (41.3%), being mostly children (44.9%). When we compared negligence to other violence, we found that elderly people who were 80 years of age or older (68.8%), had greater laughter to suffer abuse not to be unknown (58.7%), to be caring (88.5%), to be a child (77.2%), with two or more participants (77.9%), both genders (85.1%), aged between 25 and 59 years (65.8%), with no alcohol effect ( 58.6%), living in the regional VI (77.3%), had a greater chance of violence in the same region (83.3%), with recurrence of abuse (57.1%) (p <0.05 ). In the bivariate analysis, with the outcome in physical violence, there was statistical significance for the elderly between 60 and 69 years (49.1%), did not have some type of disability (52%) and were assaulted by unknowns (78.6%), (55.6%), under the effect of alcohol (60.6%), presenting a recurrence (54.2%), male (55.5%), (37.5%), which increased the chance of maltreatment (43.5%) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Despite underreporting, elderly people have a higher prevalence of neglect and physical violence in the studied region. / Introdução: Devido ao rápido envelhecimento mundial, o abuso de idosos se torna um problema de saúde pública preminente na sociedade. Objetivo: Analisar as notificações de violência contra o Idoso em Fortaleza nos últimos 10 anos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e retrospectivo com dados obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - versão Net (Sinan Net) abrangendo as notificações de violência na população de idosos (> 60 anos), na cidade de Fortaleza, CE, Brasil, no período de janeiro de 2008 a maio de 2018. Compuseram o estudo 537 casos de idosos com 60 anos ou mais. Aplicou-se a análise bivariada pelos testes Qui-quadrado e a multivariada pelo modelo de regressão de Poisson, pelo programa SPSS versão 23.0. Resultados: Do total, 56,5% (n=301) sofriam negligência, e 30,7%, sofriam violência física. Idosos com 70 a 79 anos (40,2%), do sexo feminino (61,5%), de cor parda (61,5%), eram os mais agredidos, por perpetuadores do sexo masculino (33,9%), com idade de 25 a 59 anos (41,3%), sendo em sua maioria filhos (44,9%). Quando comparamos negligência as outras violências, constatamos que idosos com 80 anos ou mais (68,8%), tinha maior risco de sofrer o abuso. Não ser desconhecido (58,7%), ser cuidador (88,5%), ser filho (77,2%), com dois ou mais envolvidos (77,9%), de ambos os sexos (85,1%), com faixa etária entre 25 a 59 anos (65,8%), sem efeito de álcool (58,6%), morar na regional VI (77,3%), apresentava maior chance de ocorrer a violência nesta mesma regional (83,3%), com recorrência do abuso (57,1%) (p<0,05). Na análise bivariada, com o desfecho em violência física, houve significância estatística para o idoso entre 60 a 69 anos (49,1%), não possuir algum tipo de deficiência (52%), sendo agredidos por desconhecidos (78,6%), com um envolvido (48,9%), do sexo masculino (55,5%), com idade até 24 anos (55,6%), sob efeito do álcool (60,6%), apresentando recorrência (54,2%) sendo grande parte das agressões na residência (37,85) , morar na regional II (39,5%), aumentava a chance de ocorrência do mau-trato (43,5%) (p<0,05). Conclusão: O estudo foi realizado em todas as regionais do município, sendo que a VI foi a mais prevalente para a negligência e a II para a violência física.

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Erstellung eines sogenannten "Targeting Vektors" zur gezielten Ausschaltung des Gens für Plasmakallikrein in der Maus, als Vorbereitung zur Schaffung einer Plasmakallikrein-defizienten Mauslinie. Plasmakallikrein ist eine im Blut zirkulierende Serinprotease, die Funktionen in Hämostase, Thrombusbildung und Fibrinolyse hat sowie sowohl direkt als auch indirekt mittels Bradykinin an Entzündungsvorgängen beteiligt ist. Zwei 5836 und 3834 bp lange Abschnitte aus dem murinen Plasmakallikrein-Gen wurden durch PCR isoliert und in ein Plasmid kloniert, das neben Resistenzgenen gegen Ampicillin und Neomycin auch das β-Galaktosidase-Gen zum Nachweis einer erfolgreichen Transfektion enthält. Der so entstandene "Targeting Vektor" hat eine Gesamtgröße von 18072 bp, die Basensequenz wurde durch Sequenzierung verifiziert. Der Vektor soll im Plasmakallikrein-Gen einen Teil der Exons 2 und 3 und damit einen Großteil des Signalpeptids und der ersten Proteindomäne funktionsunfähig machen. An den mit dieser Methode erstellten Knockout-Mäusen können die Funktionen von Plasmakallikrein genauer untersucht werden. / This thesis describes the cloning of a targeting vector in the gene targeting strategy for a murine plasma kallikrein (PK) knock-out. PK is a serine protease found in blood which has functions in hemostasis, thrombus formation, fibrinolysis and – both directly and indirectly via bradykinin – inflammation. Two fragments of the murine PK gene with respective lengths of 5836 and 3834 bp were isolated by PCR and cloned into a plasmid containing resistance genes against both ampicillin and neomycin and the β-galactosidase gene for the detection of transfected cells. The targeting vector has a total size of 18072 bp and was verified by sequencing. The vector should destroy parts of the exons 2 and 3 in the gene for PK and thus the greater part of the signal peptide and the first protein domain. With the knock-out mice created by this means the function of PK can be investigated more thoroughly.

München, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.