The diploma thesis deals with the mathematical environments Mazes and Cycle Paths. The first part is concerned with the definition of two opposite educational styles, transmissive and constructivistic. Within the constructivistic educational style it is also focused on schema-oriented education and on defining its principles for teaching mathematics by Hejný's method. It also introduces a new term genetic constructivism - its author proves that Hejný's mathematics and its didactic environments are embedded in ancient history. This diploma thesis gives an answer to the question of why the environments Mazes and Cycle Paths belong to the teaching of mathematics, and therefore, on what mathematical basis it stands. It is for this reason that it provides insight into the fundamentals of graph theory. It is focused on the historical aspect of terms maze and cycle path and charts exercises in Hejný's textbooks of mathematics from environments Mazes and Cycle Paths. The aim of research is to expand the collection of exercises from these two environments, to chart pupils' solving strategies and identify effective teaching methods in accordance with the schema-oriented education, which has been studied in seven experiments. The last part of this diploma thesis presents a didactic game, which is focused on...

The purpose of this thesis was to explore the boundary between human and other created by virtual worlds in contemporary science fiction novels. After a close reading of the three novels: Surface Detail, Existence, and Lady of Mazes, and the application of contemporary literary theories, the boundary presented itself and led to the discovery of where the human becomes other. The human becomes other when it becomes lost to the virtual world and no longer exists or interacts with material reality. Each of the primary texts exhibits both virtual reality and humanity in different ways, and each is explored to find where humanity falls apart. Overall, when these theories are applied to real life there is no real way to avoid the potential for fully immersive virtual worlds, but there are ways to avoid their alienating effects.