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This mini-dissertation places a specific focus on the City of Cape Town and considers the space between aesthetics, commercial interest and social relevance in public visual communication practices. Instead of making a general statement or providing a value judgement, this research examines the nature of the debate surrounding public artistic practices by referring to three main artists; namely Michael Elion, The Tokolos Stencil Collective and Freddy Sam. The basis of the discussion is centred around the recent controversy surrounding Michael Elion's Sea Point public art sculpture, Perceiving Freedom (2014) and the respective questions it raised about what public space means, who has the right to represent themselves, and what that looks like. By drawing a comparison with Perceiving Freedom (2014) to the visual communicative practices of Freddy Sam and The Tokolos Stencil Collective, this research examines the progression of the debate. This encompasses the ways in which each artist and their work serve to illuminate the different visual modes of engagement in Cape Town's public spaces. Due to the contemporary nature of the subject matter, this debate is engaged with on three different levels. The first level examines the context of this debate and each artist, whereas the second level considers the points where their respective visual communicative practices intersect and engage in dialogue with each other as well as the general public. The last level considers an alternative way of reading the content, context and form of visual communicative practices so that their resulting effect can be better understood. This is done with the use of Marshall McLuhan's (1964) total effect media theory. Although several other prominent South African artists are mentioned in the scope of this research, it is important to note that the focus still pertains to the aforementioned themes of aesthetics, commercial interest and social relevance in public visual representative practices. Therefore Michael Elion, The Tokolos Stencil Collective and Freddy Sam remain the specific focus of discussion, as their respective works are used to illustrate these three themes. The first level of engagement offers a theoretical background to the reader by briefly familiarising them with international street art and graffiti practices. This brief yet concise background allows for a better understanding of the history and politics surrounding unsanctioned public visual practices and how they differ to formal sanctioned and funded ones.

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Feminist media studies theory and intersectionality were used to determine if South African national English daily, weekly and weekend newspapers perpetuated stereotypes when reporting about Helen Zille and Patricia De Lille, both of whom were female political candidates during the 2009 national election. The study explores the nexus between media, gender, race and class representation and political election campaign reporting. In particular, it seeks to find out if the different gender, race and class of two female candidates influenced national newspaper reporters; in either reporting negatively or positively about them as candidates during the elections. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were used as method to analyse the data collected from newspaper articles. The content analysis findings showed that Zille compared to De Lille received significant coverage and most headlines were referring to her. The findings of the critical discourse analysis indicate that language was sometimes used to perpetuate stereotypes through the use of tone, choice of language in headings, metaphors; puns, oxymorons as well as insinuations. The hypotheses was that the race of the candidates would feature prominently in the findings however there was very little about the race of the candidates. The analysis revealed that there was a focus on the race and class of the audiences and voters addressed by Zille and De Lille during their campaign period. Keywords: Feminist media theory, race, media, gender, elections, Helen Zille and Patricia De Lille. / Dissertation ( MA)- University of Pretoria, 2021. / Afrikaans / MA / Unrestricted

Public service har en uppgift gentemot medborgarna att folkbilda och finnas tillgängliga för alla. Sveriges radio P3 har tidigare klassats som den ”unga kanalen” och har haft en tablå med olika programtitlar utspridda över dagen. I januari 2020 valde Sveriges radio P3 att göra en omstrukturering i tablån där programtitlarna togs bort och målgruppen omdefinierades. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda på P3 som har varit involverade i omstruktureringen, söks det svar på hur P3 ser på publiken genom den omstrukturerade tablån, den omdefinierade målgruppen samt synen på publiken i framtiden. I analysen ställs svaren mot teorier om public service, digitalisering, fragmentering, mediekonvergensprocessen och synen på publiken. I teman som hittades bland svaren råder det delade meningar hos intervjupersonerna, exempelvis hur stor påverkan publiken har på innehållet. Resultat som presenteras i studien är bland annat att P3 vill ta sitt samhällsansvar i form av public service-företag samt att de vill nå den publik som faktiskt är intresserad av att lyssna på kanalen. / Public service has a duty towards citizens to educate and be accessible to all. Sweden's radio P3 has previously been classified as the "young channel" and has had a tabloid with various program titles spread throughout the day. In January 2020, the Swedish public service radio channel “P3” chose to restructure a tableau where the program titles were removed, and the target group redefined. Through semi-structured interviews with employees at P3 who have been involved in the restructuring, an answer is sought for how P3 views the audience through the restructured tableau, the redefined target group and the view of the audience in the future. In the analysis, the answers are set against theories of public service, digitization, fragmentation, media convergence and the view of the public. In themes that were found among the answers, there is a shared opinion among the interviewees, for example how much the audience has on the content. The results presented in the study include that P3 wants to take its social responsibility in the form of public service companies and that they want to reach the audience who are actually interested in listening to the channel.

The aim of this study was to examine how digital discourses about eating disorders can be understood from a perspective of gender. Through a qualitative method the study was based of an online forum dedicated to the internet based pro-anorexia community. The study was divided into three categories: beauty ideals, self-fulfilment and the body. How was opposition and conformity exerted? How was femininity created and re-created? The results showed that the members of the community were engaged in discursive work that was mainly oppositional to general societal norms, and ideals and conventions surrounding the female body. The community created alternative meanings to practices such as starving oneself and maintaining a low body weight. Keywords: pro-ana, eating disorders, online communities, feminist media theory, critical discourse analysis