<p>Increasing immigration to Sweden has transformed a culturally homogeneous society into a more heterogeneous one. As a consequence intercultural communication and interaction have been increasing. Child health care agencies have encountered these increases. The aim of this study was to examine what the health care professionals experienced and communicated in these intercultural environments. Eight interviews with child health care nurses were carried through at four child health care centers in the south of Sweden. The results have shown that the child health nurses were affected by their different backgrounds and cultural diversity. An ethnocentric approach, including biased values of right and wrong, caused unsuccessful encounters with families from foreign countries. A culturally sensitive approach, on the other hand, with an understanding of cultural differences, proved to be successful and associated to plain communication and trust. A conclusion is that the nurses in childcare services should be provided with the opportunity to develop the necessary knowledge and tools needed for managing problems and obstacles they may encounter in their practices. Furthermore it was found that reflection was used for learning. We conclude that the nurses should be provided with opportunity to learn this way about their own culture and cultural relativity. A culturally sensitive approach leads to a better acceptance for cultural difference. From a health promotion point of view, this means that the prospect of promoting good health for immigrant children in the long run can be increased.</p><p>Keywords: Intercultural communication, child health centers, ethnocentrism, cultural sensitivity, reflection.</p>

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The aim of the observation study was to examine the dental hygienists working tasks and the time they used carrying them out. Four dental hygienists where observed during four days each. The total time the dental hygienists used with patients during sixteen fulltime days come to a sum of 89 hours of the possible 111 hours. Twelve hours was late cancels and time when patients didn’t come to their appointment and ten hours were used for meetings. Of the total clinical hours approximately a quarter of the total time were used for scaling and one quarter for cleaning, journal notes and administration. Only five minutes of total patient time (89 h) were used for tobacco prevention. Still only a small part of the working tasks the dental hygienists perform can be seen as active health work. </p>

<p>The Swedish curriculum says that the education will adapt and take notice of every child’s individual condition and needs. Every child has the right to development, to feel the happiness of growing and to experience satisfaction of making progress and overcome difficulties. In every class it is often children who need adapted physical education. The earlier these children can get support and practice, the bigger the chance is that they will catch up. The aim with our study was to investigate pupil’s experiences of adapted physical education to se if it worked as a supporting environment for health and well-being. We interviewed eight children that took part of adapted physical education and also their teacher. We assume that the children opened up at the adapted physical education and got more space to show what they could do. They were able to develop in their own pace and the teacher allowed them to take the time they needed. The results of our study can be used as a basis to bring out the sense of physical education in different levels and how you can work with it in a more salutogenic and holistic way. </p>

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence and the location as well as the registration of gingival recessions among patients between 20-29 years of age, who are treated on the Dental Hygienist Programme at the University of Kristianstad. The study was performed as a recording study, where the first page of the base record paper was examined. We examined 295 base records. The result showed that gingival recessions only were registered on 3 % (n=10). Most of the injuries, 53 % (n=157), had been registered as toothbrush trauma. The premolars were the group of teeth who had the highest percent of injuries, 36 %. Our result also showed that it was the buccal surfaces, 58 %, which had the most gingival recessions. There were no registrations on 38 % of the base record papers regarding tooth surfaces. The conclusion of our study is that there are lacks in the recording of gingival recessions and these ought to be improved and refined.</p>

<p>Övervikt och fetma är i dag ett snabbt ökande hälsoproblem i Sverige och övriga världen, framförallt bland barn och ungdomar. En betydande orsak till att övervikten i Sverige ökat är en felaktigt sammansatt kost och att vi blivit fysiskt inaktiva i allt större omfattning. Genom att motivera barn och ungdomar att delta i fysiska aktiviteter och äta hälsosammare kan positiva hälsokonsekvenser uppnås. Syftet var att undersöka kost- och motionsvanor bland elever i skolår 9, samt jämföra hur flickor respektive pojkar kan motiveras till bra kost- och motionsvanor. Vi valde att genomföra en enkätundersökning på elever i skolår 9 i Kristianstads kommun, där sammanlagt 235 elever besvarade enkäten. Resultatet visade att eleverna i skolan skulle kunna motiveras av fler idrottslektioner, gratis frukt på rasterna samt att få möjlighet att påverka såväl skollunchen som idrottslektionernas innehåll. En könsskillnad som framkom var att inom skolidrotten motiverades flickor i högre grad än pojkar av prova-på-dagar utan tävlingsmoment, medan pojkarna främst motiverades av idrottsturneringar som skolan anordnar. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att skolan är en viktig arena för att motivera barn och ungdomar till bra kost- och motionsvanor. Genom att utveckla undervisningen i idrott och hälsa och främja hälsosamma kostvanor i skolmiljön, kan skolan bidra till att skapa bestående motivation och intresse för kost och motion hos eleverna.</p>

<p>The aim of the study was to describe how hygienist`s receiving their certificate during 2003 and 2004, perceive their working situation, salary and impression of their first employment as a registered dental hygienist. A questionnaire was sent out to new dental hygienist`s examined year 2003 and 2004 in Sweden. Most of the new examined dental hygienist`s found the education adequate or more than adequate. A few individuals found it inadequate. The ones finding the education inadequate wanted more clinical practice and more training in administrative work. Theoretical subjects that were suggested to be increate were stomatognathic physiology, orthodontic and pedodontic. Most of the dental hygienist´s were pleased with their first job and they experienced a positive treatment from the personnel and varied working situation. There was a significant difference between national dental service and the private practice regarding the salary. The mean value at the private practice was 20 022 and at the national dental service 18 522. The conclusion of the study is that newly examined dental hygienist´s like their job and that they feel that the education make them well prepared for their first experience in the "real life". However there are some areas that needs to be developed in the education.</p>

<p>The proportion of overweight children is increasing rapidly in Sweden. International and National goals of public health aim to improve diet and physical activity. Health promotion consists of preventing illness and promoting health. Within the school a well planned health promoting work proceed from students, parents and teachers. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes and behaviour pertaining to diet and physical activity among students from 6th to 9th grade at Klågerupskolan in the community of Svedala. The aim was also to investigate what influences the students dietary habits and physical activity. The objective was to contribute with knowledge to a health project according to overweight in the community of Svedala. The study was carried out through a questionnaire among 157 students. The result showed that more than half of the students ate lunch at school every day. The girls were more anxious than the boys to learn more about diet and physical activity. The boys thought that the number of lessons in physical activity was to few, while the girls found them more adequate. The students had many proposals how to learn more about diet and physical activity and how to encourage more students to eat healthy and exercise more. The responsible persons for the project regarding overweight have to listen more to the students in order to further develop the project.</p>

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>What kind of information and instructions with the consideration to diagnosis do patients, treated by the dental hygienist students at the University Kristianstad, get regarding oral hygiene, diet, flour and tobacco.</p><p>The aim of this study was to examine what kind of information and instructions regarding oral hygiene, diet, flour and tobacco have patients treated by the dental hygienist students at the University Kristianstad, if they had the diagnosis caries or periodontitis. The study is based on a review of dental records of adult patients from twenty years on a supportive treatment program. In all 640 patients were enrolled at the clinic, 20050309. A selection of 100 patients treated at the clinic from 2000 was made. Fifty off the dental records should have the diagnosis caries and fifty the diagnosis periodontitis. </p><p>Between 70-90 percent of the records had no data regarding information about caries, gingivitis or periodontitis. Furthermore, there between 8-68 percent of the records hade no data regarding information and instruction in oral hygiene, flour products or approximal dental aids. Nineteen patients used tobacco according to available data. In the records of 7 patients with the diagnosis caries and 3 patients with the diagnosis periodontitis, no data was available on tobacco use and its consequences. The conclusion for this study is that the records obtained by dental hygienist students are inadequate. </p>

<p>I dagens Sverige är ca 17 procent av befolkningen 65 år och äldre. Andelen äldre i befolkning ökar allt mer. Grundläggande för en bibehållen hälsa och livskvalitet hos äldre, är att de har en hög fysisk, psykisk och social aktivitetsnivå. Projekt ”Aktivitet äldre” i Eslövs kommun har som mål att erbjuda de boende på äldreboenden i kommunen möjlighet till ett större och bredare utbud av aktiviteter samt att varje enskild individ, som är delaktig i projektet, ska få tänka, tala och gå varje dag. </p><p>Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur den anställda personalen på äldreboenden i Eslövs kommun, genom projektet ”Aktivitet äldre”, anser att de har blivit påverkade av projektet samt hur de har klarat att implementera projektets tankar i sitt arbete. Datainsamlingen har skett genom en enkätundersökning på samtliga äldreboenden i Eslövs kommun. I resultatet framkom det att personalen på äldreboenden vill vara, men ej har varit, delaktiga i projekt som genomförs på äldreboenden. Det fanns ett samband mellan bra information och förståelse av syftet med projektet. Ett samband fanns även mellan en känsla av meningsfullhet och god arbetsgemenskap. Slutsatserna, visade att det krävs ett kontinuerligt samarbete mellan aktörerna inom projektet, samt att personalen utvecklar en stark KASAM och den kompetens som krävs för att etablera projektet. Vi anser att folkhälsopedagogen har en viktig roll i ett förändringsarbete, med syfte att genomföra projekt inriktade mot förbättrad hälsa och meningsfull tillvaro för äldre på äldreboende och personal inom äldreomsorgen. Det krävs ett effektivt samarbete mellan delaktiga aktörer och oss folkhälsopedagoger.</p><p>Nyckelord: Hälsa, äldre, personal, aktivering, kompetens, lärande, KASAM, empowerment</p><p> </p>

<p>Background: There might be a risk that family members experience limited possibilities to act, participate and influence the end of life care for the elderly in the nursing home. For family members it could be the first time they face death which can imply a lot of questions and existential needs. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the needs of family members in the patient terminal care in a nursing home. Research methods: The study implemented a qualitative approach and data was collected through four interviews and through a literature review were 17 articles were selected. The results were processed and analysed with a qualitative content analysis and two main categories, participation and assurance with subcategories were identified. Results: Families have a basic need of feeling assured that their elderly relative gets appropriate care in the nursing home. Feeling assurance could be a situation where the family members participate in the end of life care with confidence. The experience of family members is that the situation for feeling participation exist when there is a possibility to make decisions, act as intermediary or representative and be able to take responsibility. The environment that ensures feeling assurance is to feel support, to get insight, to receive information and know that the elderly persons symptoms are under control.</p>