Forty-six constituents have been identified from an ethanol extract prepared from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium, including seven triterpenes: lupeol (15), lupeone (16), olean-12-ene-3beta, 22beta-diol (sophoradiol) (19), olean-12-ene-3beta, 22beta, 24-triol (soyasapogenol B) (20), (23Z)-9, 19-cycloart-23-ene-3beta, 25-diol (21), (24R)-cycloart-25-ene-3beta, 24-diol (24a), and (24S)-cycloart-25-ene-3beta, 24-diol (24b); one triterpene saponin: 3-O-[alpha-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-beta-galactopyranosyl (1→2)-beta-glucuronopyranosyl] soyasapogenol B (soyasaponin I) (53); three phytosterols: beta-sitosterol (17), stigmasterol (18), and daucosterol (47); sixteen isoflavanones and O-glycosides: 5, 7-dihydroxy-2', 4'-dimethoxy-isofavanone (homoferreirin) (22), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-2'-methoxy-isofavanone (isoferreirin) (23), (3R)-5, 7-dihydroxy-2', 3', 4'-trimethoxy-isoflavanone (25a), (3S)-5, 7-dihydroxy-2', 3', 4'-trimethoxy-isoflavanone (25b), (3R)-5, 7-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-3', 4'-methylenedioxy-isoflavanone (26a), (3S)-5, 7-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-3, 4'-methylenedioxy-isoflavanone (26b), 5, 7, 3'-trihydroxy-2', 4'-dimethoxy-isoflavanone (secundiflorol H) (40), 5, 7, 2', 4'-tetrahydroxy-isoflavanone (dalbergiodin) (41), 3, 5, 7, 4'-tetrahydroxy-2, 2'-epoxyisoflavanone (42), (3R)-5, 7-dihydroxy-2', 3', 4'-trimethoxy-isoflavanone 7-O-beta-glucopyranoside (48a), (3S)-5, 7-dihydroxy-2, 3', 4'-trimethoxy-isoflavanone 7-O-beta-glucopyranoside (48b), (3R)-5, 7-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-3', 4'-methylenedioxy-isofavanone 7-O-beta-(glucopyranoside (49a). (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / In the present study, two medicinal plants were investigated for their organic constituents. Plant samples were extracted and purified by chromatographic separation using a combination of methods. Each compound isolated was characterized by spectroscopic and physical data. A number of new chemical structures were found. / The investigation has led to the isolation and structural elucidation of fourteen pure compounds from an ethanol extract prepared from the dried rhizomes of Alisa orientale, including three types of skeletons: protostane triterpene, guaiane sesquiterpene and phytosterol. They were identified to be beta-sitosterol (1), (17S)-3, 11-dioxo-23-nor protost-12-en-23 (17)-olide (2), alisol B 23-acetate (3), alismol ( 4), alismoxide (5), alisol B (6), alisol A (7), 25-O-methylalisol A (8), 25-anhydroalisol A 24-acetate (9), 25-anhydroalisol A (10), alisol E 23-acetate (11), daucosterol 6'-stearate (12), (20R, 23S, 24R)-23, 24, 25-trihydroxy-2, 3-seco protost-13 (17)-en-3-oic acid 2, 11beta-lactone (13), and 13beta, 17beta-epoxyalisol A (14). Among them, compound 2 was a new naturally occurring skeleton of 23-nor protostane triterpene, and compound 13 a new 2, 3-seco-protostane triterpene. / Zhao Ming. / "September 2005." / Adviser: Chun-Tao Che. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3812. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-187). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2010. / "Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry." Includes bibliographical references.

by Chan Po Wai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-117). / Table of Contents --- p.i / Abbreviations --- p.iv / Abstract --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Objective and scope of the project --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature review --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Balkan endemic nephropathy --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Chinese herbs nephropathy --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Aristolochic acid --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Guan-mu-tong --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.4.1 --- Plant --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.4.2 --- Traditional uses --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.4.3 --- Chemical constituents --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.4.4 --- Pharmacological study --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.4.5 --- Reported adverse cases --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Ma-dou-ling --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.5.1 --- Plant --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.5.2 --- Traditional uses --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.5.3 --- Chemical constituents --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.5.4 --- Clinical and pharmacological studies --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.5.5 --- Reported adverse cases --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3 --- Chemical analysis --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Thin layer chromatography --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- High performance liquid chromatography --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- Toxicology --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Acute toxicity --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Subchronic toxicity --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Materials & Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- "Aqueous extraction of Guan-mu-tong and Ma-dou-ling for acute, subchronic and reproductive toxicity tests" --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Chemical analysis --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Thin layer chromatography --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- High performance liquid chromatography --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Assays for the toxicity --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Acute toxicity --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Subchronic toxicity --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Chemical Analysis --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Thin layer chromatography --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- High performance liquid chromatography --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Toxicity of Guan-mu-tong --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Acute toxicity --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Subchronic toxicity --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Toxicity of Ma-dou-ling --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Acute toxicity --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Subchronic toxicity --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Chemical Analysis --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Thin layer chromatography --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- High performance liquid chromatography --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2 --- Toxicity of Guan-mu-tong --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Acute toxicity --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Subchronic toxicity --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3 --- Toxicity of Ma-dou-ling --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Acute toxicity --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Subchronic toxicity --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Reproductive toxicity --- p.105 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Conclusion --- p.107 / Bibliography --- p.110 / Appendix A: Procedure on determining the total urinary protein --- p.119 / Appendix B: Procedure on determining the total urinary glucose using Sigma diagnostic kits --- p.121 / Appendix C: Procedure on determining the activity of aspartate aminotransferase --- p.123 / Appendix D: Procedure on determining the activity of alanine aminotransferase --- p.124 / Appendix E: Procedure for preparing a calibration curve for the measurement of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities --- p.125 / Appendix F: Procedure on tissue preparation for light microscopic study --- p.128

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1994. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1994. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Thesis (M.Pharm.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2013. / Over 100 southern African medicinal plants with dermatological relevance have been identified, yet very limited scientific research to support claims for their effectiveness have been undertaken. With this in mind, a study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of southern African medicinal plants used to treat skin inflictions, with specific emphasis on dermatologically relevant pathogens. Organic and aqueous extracts (132) were prepared from 47 plant species and screened for antimicrobial properties using the micro-titre plate dilution method. Most of the plant extracts demonstrated pathogen specific antimicrobial effects with a few exhibiting broad-spectrum activities. Plants demonstrating notable (MIC values ≤ 1.00 mg/ml) broad-spectrum activities against the tested pathogens include the organic extracts of Aristea ecklonii, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Diospyros mespiliformis, Elephantorrhiza elephantina, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Gunnera perpensa, Harpephyllum caffrum, Hypericum perforatum, Melianthus comosus, Terminalia sericea and Warburgia salutaris. The organic extract of E. elephantina, a plant reportedly used to treat acne vulgaris, demonstrated noteworthy antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes (MIC value of 0.05 mg/ml). Diospyros mespiliformis reported for its traditional use to treat ringworm, also displayed noteworthy antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (MIC 0.10 mg/ml) and Microsporum canis (MIC 0.50 mg/ml). The study also focused on finding a scientific rationale for the traditional use of plant combinations to treat skin diseases. Five different plant combinations (1:1) were investigated for potential interactive properties, which were identified through ƩFIC calculations. Since the 1:1 combination of Pentanisia prunelloides and Elephantorrhiza

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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