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Women who use hormonal contraceptives have been shown to report more intense affective responses to partner infidelity than women with a natural cycle. Also, previous research suggests that female jealousy is sensitive to hormonal changes when naturally cycling, with a peak around ovulation, while women using hormonal contraceptives are less sensitive. This research is aimed at exploring women`s perception of couple conflicts in line with predictions derived from evolutionary theory. A factor analysis yielded four dimensions within 19 couple conflicts that were related to jealousy, emotional support, time and effort, and commitment. We tested the hypotheses that women who use hormonal contraceptives will react more strongly to jealousy-provoking scenarios and overall conflicts compared to women with a natural menstrual cycle. We also tested the hypotheses that naturally cycling women would show an increase in their emotional response to jealousy-provoking scenarios at days with high fertility risk. We expected that their emotional response to the scenarios infidelity, lack of emotional support, time and effort and lack of commitment, would increase if they perceived their partners as attractive. By using an online questionnaire, we followed women who were currently in a relationship with age ranging from 18 to 30 years weekly for 12 weeks. Results show a significant difference between women using hormonal contraceptives and naturally cycling women. Women using hormonal contraceptives responded to be more upset by scenarios indicating infidelity, than did naturally cycling women (p < .05), but not on the overall conflicts. However, some unexpected differences on the single scenarios where discovered. For the analysis concerning the fertility-effect, no significant main effect was found. However, our hypotheses were not supported (p > .001), Our results did, however, reveal a non-significant trending in the predicted direction indicating that the partner`s attractiveness interact with fertility status and affect how women respond to situations regarding Jealousy and couple conflicts.

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Abstract not available

The purpose of this study was two fold: 1) To examine possible differences in menstrual reporting between two different age groups, and 2) To examine possible differences in menstrual reporting between two dichotomized action emotion typography groups-- Type A and Type B.The population consisted of 50 women in the age group of 15 to 20 and 50 women in the age group of 30 to 40 years. Data was collected simultaneously and the interrelationships were considered statistically. The Jenkins Activity Survey appropriate for age, and three factors on the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire-- pain, negative concentration, and affective changes during the premenstrual phase and menstrual phase of the cycle were the variables being studied.The design of the study was a 2 x 2 factorial design. In the multivariate sense, the main effects were tested and then univariate statistics were used to interpret significant main effects.No significant differences were found in the vectors of Type A and Type B on any of the three factors, either when premenstrual scores were totaled with menstrual scores or when those two scores were considered separately. No significant differences were found in premenstrual or menstrual pain reporting in the different age groups. No significant differences were found in premenstrual or menstrual reporting of negative concentration factors. A significant difference was found in greater affective change reporting in the older age group. This difference was found to be in premenstrual reporting, but not in menstrual reporting.1. Women in the 30 to 40 age group report significantly more premenstrual affective changes than women in the 15 to 20 age group. 2. Action emotion typography did not prove to be a predictor of differential menstrual reporting.The implications of these findings as related to feminine development were discussed and recommendations for replication and further research were presented.This dissertation contains an extensive bibliography of the most recent research related to the menstrual cycle, Type A and Type B research, stress, and stress as related to the menstrual cycle.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2000. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-72). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ67735

These studies were undertaken to characterize the adenylate cyclase system of the primate (rhesus monkey) corpus luteum, and to correlate gonadotropin-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity with the functional activity of the corpus luteum at specific stages of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, particularly near the time of luteolysis. The conversion of [α-³²P] ATP to [³²P] cAMP was assayed in preparations of luteal tissue obtained from rhesus monkeys at midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Cyclic AMP production was influenced by the pH, osmolality, and ionic strength of the assay buffer, and was acutely sensitive to Mg⁺². Michaelis-Menten kinetics were seen when the ATP:Mg ratio was constant. The gonadotropins, hLH and hCG but not hFSH, stimulated cAMP production in a similar dose-dependent manner. Deglycosylated hCG blocked the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by hLH and hCG. The addition of GTP increased maximal activation of adenylate cyclase by hLH or hCG but did not alter sensitivity to the hormones. The adenylate cyclase of macaque luteal tissue did not respond to the addition of isoproterenol or epinephrine; furthermore, these catecholamines did not affect hCG-stimulation of adenylate cyclase. Forskolin and fluoride stimulated cAMP production in a dose-dependent manner. The activity of adenylate cyclase was examined in corpora lutea obtained from rhesus monkeys at specific stages in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (days 3-5, 6-8, 9-12, 13-15, 16-menses after the midcycle LH surge). Basal adenylate cyclase activity, activity stimulated by GMP-P(NH)P, GTP, GTP + hLH, and GTP + hCG, sensitivity of the enzyme to hLH (measured by K(act)), and peripheral progesterone levels were low in the early luteal phase (days 3-5), increased by midluteal phase (days 6-8 and 9-12), and then decreased by the late luteal phase days 13-15 and 16-menses). In contrast, there were no significant differences among the age groups tested for forskolin-stimulated activity. Thus the adenylate cyclase system of the rhesus monkey undergoes significant changes during the luteal phase which are associated with the development and regression of the corpus luteum of the menstrual cycle. Mechanisms which modulate gonadotropin and nucleotide activation of adenylate cyclase without interfering directly with the catalytic unit are implicated in the changes which accompany luteolysis.

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Women have higher rates of noncontact musculoskeletal injuries compared to men, as well as at certain times in their menstrual cycles compared to others. The purpose of this study was two-fold: i) to examine the neuromuscular activation patterns of trunk musculature between men and women and ii) within women at different times in their menstrual cycle, during the trunk stability test (TST). The TST is a dynamic lower limb exercise that challenged the trunk musculature to maintain lumbopelvic stability. Surface electromyograms for 24 muscle sites and three-dimensional pelvic motion data were collected during the TST for 18 male and 19 female subjects, as well as for nine female subjects at different times in their menstrual cycles. Through analysis of amplitude and temporal characteristics of the EMG waveforms it was determined that women respond to the TST task with a less coordinated response than men, mainly relying on more co-activation. It was further determined that women have differences in their neuromuscular control patterns during the TST at different points in their menstrual cycle.

The validity of the Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF) typological category "Major Depressive Syndrome", as a distinct subtype of premenstrual change, was assessed. The nature of the depression associated with the premenstrual phase was investigated with standardized measures of depression and a test of dysphoric attentional bias derived from Beck's cognitive model of depression. Three subject groups were delineated based on prospective daily ratings: PMD (depression only premenstrually), controls (no depression), and INTD (intermittent depression throughout cycle). The control group did not exhibit a dysphoric attentional bias. The INTD group demonstrated a dysphoric attentional bias both pre- and postmenstrually. The PMD group, despite clinically elevated premenstrual depression levels, failed to show an associated dsyphoric attentional bias. These findings suggest that although PMD and clinical depression share an affective component, they may differ with regard to other features of depression (i.e. cognitive/information processing). As well, phenomenological differences between PMD and clinical depression were suggested by subjects' prospective daily ratings. For confirmed PMD subjects, depressive mood was only one facet of a multidimensional symptom picture which included signs of water retention, breast pain, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, and associated dysmenorrhea. These findings raise questions concerning the construct validity of premenstrual depression (specifically PAF Major Depressive Syndrome) as a distinctive subtype of premenstrual change.