Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [193]-203).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [64]-75).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-181).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2010.

Thesis (M.A.)--Humboldt State University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-60). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.A.)--Humboldt State University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-60).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-54).

This thesis was an attempt to investigate two important cognitive aspects of depression: expectation of success, and changes in this expectation. Recent studies in these areas have yielded inconsistent results. It has generally been concluded that subclinical depressives do not differ from nondepressives in initial expectation of success, though they do at times exhibit smaller changes in success expectancy following personal experiences of success or failure. Two main cognitive theories of depression have attempted to account for this difference between the two populations. Beck (1967) has proposed that depression results from specific negative cognitive processes, among them a denial of personal responsibility of positive events and an exaggeration of personal responsibility for negative events. According to this theory, depressives would have a lower initial expectation of success than nondepressives and would exhibit a smaller increase in success expectancy following success and a larger decrease in success expectancy following failure. Seligman (1975) has proposed that depression results when an individual learns that responses and outcomes are independent of one another, and then makes negative, internal attributions about the cause of that independence. On the basis of Seligman's theory, one could conclude that since depressives see action and outcome as independent, they would shift success expectancy less following both success and failure.

Concerned that depression might be a common malady among youth who are placed in treatment centers for delinquents, we undertook an exploratory study to determine the validity of this premise. The authors of this study have all worked with youth who, for various reasons, have been placed in residential treatment centers. The authors have observed that symptoms of depression seem to be more prevalent in these youth than in non-institutionalized adolescents, and that these symptoms are often perceived as individual pathology rather than emotional responses common to institutionalized youth. We thus began questioning if these were common emotional responses, and if they were common in males and females in a number of treatment centers. We were interested in knowing if the youth do in fact become more, depressed after being admitted to a treatment center, and if they do, at what point in their stay at the center this occurs.

This thesis is a collection of poems which were written between 2011 and 2017. Much of my earliest work is in this collection, though, most all of it has been heavily revised over the years. The content of this collection begins with seven poems that address the death of my best friend and brother, Jon. These were some of the most difficult poems for me to write but ultimately, I found that the process, though intense, was cathartic. The rest of the collection addresses themes regarding class, place, substance abuse, mental health; including but not limited to: suicidal ideation, depression, family, social structure, politics, and anger. A great deal of the content is dark and melancholic in mood and moves through very deep depression at points. A few relationships I've had are addressed and wrestled with and emerge as two separate apologies of sorts. I also wrestle with the idea of home and living on the west coast. The final poem, "Choose Life" was inspired by the film Trainspotting and I felt it served the collection to have a poem that is loosely comparable to a reprise that ends the thesis with a more positive outlook on life.