The growing consumer demand for edamame (vegetable soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the U.S. has led to current research efforts to increase the production of this nutritious vegetable in the country. This specialty crop has been suggested as an economically attractive alternative to tobacco production, which has decreased in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast areas. Thus, breeding programs led by Virginia Tech and University of Arkansas have been working on the development of edamame cultivars that meet both agronomical and consumer expectations for production and sales in the U.S. In two consecutive years, selected genotypes were tested in the field and by consumers, in order to identify breeding lines that could potentially be released and succeed in the U.S. market. Twenty genotypes were grown in Virginia and Arkansas in 2018 and, among them, ten were selected to be grown in Virginia, Missouri and Mississippi in 2019. Then, sensory evaluation and consumer studies (surveys) were conducted to identify desired/valuable characteristics of edamame and support breeding selection criteria. Participants of the sensory panels were adult volunteers not allergic to soy. Both years, overall acceptability was significantly different among edamame genotypes (p < 0.05) and higher scores were positively associated with 'salty' and 'sweet', but negatively associated with 'bitter', 'sour', 'sulfury/rotten egg' flavor attributes. The a* color coordinate (CIELAB) and green intensity index were significant predictors of appearance liking (p < 0.05) and consumers were willing to pay more for dark green than light green edamame beans. The outcomes of our web-based survey suggested consumers have a positive attitude towards domestically produced edamame and have a higher intention to buy fresh products and edamame in the pods. Additionally, price, availability, and familiarity with the vegetable brand, respectively, seemed to be the most important factors consumers consider in their decision-making process to purchase edamame. These important findings will continue to provide guidance for further research on edamame and can be used to prepare key messages to stakeholders at all stages of the agriculture and food (edamame) systems for the purpose of promoting a sustainable domestic production of this specialty crop in the U.S. / Doctor of Philosophy / The agriculture and food systems have been challenged to develop more nutritious foods and adopt more sustainable practices in order to properly feed our growing global population and improve food security. In this context, foods with sensory characteristics (appearance, aroma, taste, texture) that consumers appreciate have higher chances to succeed in the market, which may reduce food waste. Over the years, several fruit and vegetable crops for U.S. production had their nutritional value, overall quality, and/or agronomic characteristics improved through breeding techniques. In the last decade, edamame (vegetable soybean) has gained attention from plant breeders and food producers due to its increasing consumption and sales in the country. Edamame is a protein-rich legume traditionally consumed in Asia; it has been suggested as a high-value crop for production in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast areas, where tobacco production has decreased significantly. Thus, researchers across the country have been working to develop high-quality edamame seeds that can grow well in the U.S. and can succeed in the domestic market. In 2018, Virginia Tech and University of Arkansas breeding programs selected twenty edamame seeds to be grown in Virginia and Arkansas; then, in 2019, ten of these seeds were grown in Virginia, Missouri, and Mississippi. In sequence, sensory evaluation and consumer studies were performed to support breeding decisions and identify consumers preferences. Overall, edamame described as 'salty' or 'sweet' was preferred over edamame described as 'bitter' or 'sour' and differences in consumer acceptability helped breeders to identify seeds with higher sensory quality. Greener color of edamame beans was associated with more likeable appearance and consumers showed willingness to pay higher price for darker green edamame beans. Our study suggested consumers have a preference for fresh products, for edamame in the pods, and tend to value domestically grown edamame over imported products. Price, availability, and familiarity with the vegetable brand were suggested as the major factors that consumers ponder when purchasing edamame. Our findings will support future research on edamame and can be used to prepare key messages for the purpose of promoting a sustainable production of this nutritious vegetable in the U.S.

The yield response of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to reproductive stage applications of either nitrogen (N) or boron (B) has been inconsistent. This study evaluated soybean seed yield response to foliar applications of B and soil applications of N at two stages of plant development, at two row spacings, at four irrigation levels, and on three cultivars over three years. Planting dates were either mid-May or mid-June, except the year two of the irrigated soil moisture experiment which had a second planting date of early July. In an experiment to evaluate B rate and timing, B was applied at four rates from 0 to 0.56 kg ha-1 at the R3 or R5 development stage. In an experiment to evaluate N rate and timing, N was applied at seven rates from 0 to 168 kg ha-1 at either the R3 or R5 development stage. A third experiment to evaluate row spacing and cultivar effects on N and B had four treatments: 0 N and 0 B; 56 kg ha -1 N, and 0 B; 0 N and 0.28 kg ha-1 B; and finally 56 kg ha-1 N and 0.28 kg ha-1 B. Treatments were applied to three soybean cultivars planted in either 23 or 46 cm row spacings. The above experiments were irrigated to evaluate treatments at high yield levels. To further evaluate the effect of soil moisture, the same four N and B combinations were applied to soybeans irrigated via a sub-surface micro-drip irrigation system delivering four irrigation regimes: 0%, 33%, 66%, or 100% of plant required water. Gradients were established in year one of this experiment, but late season rains eliminated gradients, and high rainfall in the second year disallowed gradient establishment. Applications of N or B had no effect on seed yields in any experiment, or at any moisture level. In the row spacing and cultivar experiment, there were significant effects of varieties, and a significant interaction between row spacing and variety in two of the three years. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:36:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Dioneia_Schauren.pdf: 1423973 bytes, checksum: b4e6522aca41b7fe6c0e7a6c12fde0d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-30 / The artificial cooling has emerged as an alternative to maintaining the quality of seeds, whereas not always the storage environment, due to the conditions of temperature and relative humidity, this allows maintenance. Thus, the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the quality of soybean seeds subjected to cooling prior to storage. Seeds of soybean cultivar CD225RR from 5 to 6 mm sieves were subjected to cooling in cooler Coolseed brand, model PCS 12. A batch of seeds from the same source was not submitted prior to cooling. The seeds were stored in conventional storage Cooperative Agricultural Research Center - COODETEC of Rattlesnake for a period of 184 days between February August 2010. Every thirty days were sampled these stored seeds in order to evaluate the physiological quality (moisture content, weight of thousand seeds, infestation, germination, the first count germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium test and volumetric weight). Analyses were performed in the laboratories of Food Technology and Seed State University of Western Paraná. In the warehouse, the air temperature ranged from 10 to 30 ° C. The cooling prior to storage and seed size resulted in significant differences in moisture content and in the first count germination of soybean cultivar CD 225RR. For mass of thousand seeds, germination, volumetric weight, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging effect was observed only in seed size. The use of cooling prior to storage did not improve the physiological quality of soybean cultivar CD225RR to the conditions under which the experiment was conducted / O resfriamento artificial surgiu como uma alternativa para manutenção da qualidade de sementes, considerando que nem sempre o ambiente de armazenagem, devido às condições de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, permite esta manutenção. Desta forma, o objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a qualidade de sementes de soja submetidas a resfriamento prévio ao armazenamento. Sementes de soja da cultivar CD225RR provenientes de peneiras 5 e 6 mm foram submetidas a resfriamento em refrigerador da marca Coolseed, modelo PCS 12. Um lote de sementes da mesma procedência não foi submetido ao resfriamento prévio. As sementes foram armazenadas em armazém convencional da Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola COODETEC de Cascavel por um período de 184 dias entre fevereiro de agosto de 2010. A cada trinta dias foram coletadas amostras destas sementes armazenadas de forma a avaliar a qualidade fisiológica (teor de umidade, massa de mil sementes, infestação, germinação, germinação na primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica, teste do tetrazólio e peso volumétrico). As análises foram realizadas nos Laboratórios de Tecnologia de Alimentos e de Sementes da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. No armazém, a temperatura do ar variou de 10 a 30ºC. O resfriamento prévio ao armazenamento e o tamanho das sementes resultaram em diferenças significativas no teor de umidade e na germinação na primeira contagem de sementes de soja da cultivar CD 225RR. Para massa de mil sementes, germinação, peso volumétrico, condutividade elétrica e envelhecimento acelerado houve efeito somente do tamanho das sementes. A utilização de resfriamento prévio ao armazenamento não promoveu melhora na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja da cultivar CD225RR para as condições em que o experimento foi conduzido

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:19:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Name.pdf: 1013582 bytes, checksum: 1b62590d2be2ac2c8972f1a3e80d7803 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-06 / The evaluation of the root system is important for better understanding of the effects of nutrient management on soil and plant mineral nutrition. However, this review has been a complex, comprehensive and conducive to sampling error and measurement activity. In this context, digital image processing and image analysis can help as they have been used in solutions of similar problems. The objective of this study was to develop a computational method to assist in the evaluation of root growth for washed samples of soybean, reducing the time spent. The results were compared with traditional methods (intersection line and fresh mass), and SAFIRA software Embrapa. The proposed method has been developed in Java platform with the OpenCV library supply through the plug-in JavaCV. The method validation was performed by comparing images (300 dpi) of samples of copper wires, 10, 20 and 50 mm in length, with values obtained manually using a caliper, obtaining coefficients of variation (CV) between 0.01 and 2.99%. Relations among the estimated lengths with the proposed method and those obtained by the traditional method yielded CVs ranging between 0.10 and 2.10 %, which were better than the average SAFIRA (5.11% < CV < 49.45 %) at 300 dpi images. The method also reduced the time to obtain the attributes of roots in more than 53%. Thus, the proposed method showed to be effective, especially for measures of length and area samples are washed and is recommended for studies of roots of soybean. / A avaliação do sistema radicular é importante para melhor compreensão dos efeitos de manejo de nutrientes no solo e nutrição mineral de plantas. No entanto, essa avaliação tem sido uma atividade complexa, exaustiva e propícia a erros de amostragem e mensuração. Nesse contexto, o processamento digital de imagens e a análise de imagens podem auxiliar, pois têm sido utilizados em soluções de problemas similares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método computacional para auxiliar na avaliação do crescimento radicular para amostras lavadas da cultura da soja, reduzindo o tempo gasto. Os resultados foram comparados com os métodos tradicionais (linha de interseção e massa fresca), e o software SAFIRA da Embrapa. O método proposto foi desenvolvido em plataforma Java, com aporte da biblioteca OpenCV por meio do plug-in JavaCV. A validação do método foi realizada comparando imagens (300 dpi) de amostras de fios de cobre de, 10, 20 e 50 mm de comprimento, com os valores obtidos manualmente com paquímetro, obtendo coeficientes de variação (CV) entre 0,01 e 2,99%. Das relações entre os comprimentos estimados com o método proposto e os obtidos pelo método tradicional obtiveram-se CVs variando entre 0,10 e 2,10%, que foram em média melhores que o SAFIRA (5,11% < CV < 49,45%), em imagens de 300 dpi. O método também reduziu o tempo para obtenção dos atributos de raízes em mais de 53%. Dessa forma, o método proposto apresentou-se eficaz, principalmente para medidas de comprimento e área de amostras de raízes lavadas, sendo recomendado para estudos de raízes da cultura da soja.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / New technologies are intended to assist the farmer in the inoculation process, as is the case of antecipated inoculation (pre-inoculation) provided by using osmoprotectors. In search of higher yields, the kind of inoculation and management with nitrogen fertilizer also need to be clarified. In this study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the agronomic performance of two inoculation strategies with Bradyrhizobium alone (conventional inoculation) or combined with Azsopirillum brasilense (co-inoculation). The first experiment, we evaluated the pre-inoculation (0, 7 and 10 days before seeding). The second experiment evaluated the response to supply urea (0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1) split into two periods of three soybeans cultivars development stage (BMX Ativa RR, TEC 6029 IPRO and BMX Potência RR). We evaluated the interaction of nodulation, of morphophysiological components and grain yield at conditions of Santa Maria. Co-inoculation and conventional inoculation, both plus an osmoprotectors, showed increases in grain yield relative to treatment not inoculated 31 and 25%, respectively. With seven days before to sowing, use of osmoprotectors for both types of inoculation, did not differ statistically from the other treatments inoculated the same day of sowing. Co-inoculation provided increment in grain yield of 240 kg ha-1 compared to conventional inoculation. BMX Ativa, TEC 6029 IPRO and BMX Potência when co-inoculated showed increases in grain yield 6, 4 e 12%, respectively. The addition of 150 kg N ha-1 for the two indeterminate cultivars had an increases, but without economic return. The cultivars tested when inoculated conventionally not respond positively to the application of urea. Therefore, these results confirm the effectiveness of the use osmoprotectores and co-inoculation ond the seeds and low economic returns provided by the use of nitrogen fertilizer. It emphasizes the use of activation and protection substances on rhizobial inoculants for the formulation, as well as more studies concerning the efficiency of co-inoculation with rhizobacteria promote plant growth to obtain higher yields. / Novas tecnologias têm surgido para auxiliar o agricultor no processo de inoculação, como é o caso da pré-incoulação (inoculação antecipada) possibilitada pelo uso de osmoprotetores. Na busca por produtividades superiores, o tipo de inoculação e o manejo com fertilizante nitrogenado também precisam ser melhor esclarecidos. No presente trabalho, foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar o desempenho agronômico de duas estratégias de inoculação com bactérias do gênero Bradyrhizobium isoladamente (inoculação convencional) ou combinadas com Azospirillum brasilense (co-inoculação). O primeiro experimento, testou a pré-inoculação (0, 7 e 10 dias anteriores à semeadura). O segundo experimento, testou à resposta ao fornecimento de ureia (0, 75 e 150 kg de N ha-1) fracionado em dois momentos do estádio de desenvolvimento de três cultivares de soja (BMX Ativa RR, TEC 6029 IPRO e BMX Potência RR). Avaliou-se os componentes da nodulação, morfofisiológicos e da produtividade de grãos nas condições edafoclimáticas de Santa Maria. A co-inoculação e a inoculação convencional, ambas acrescidas do osmoprotetor, apresentaram acréscimos na produção de grãos em relação ao tratamento não inoculado de 31 e 25%, respectivamente. Com sete dias anteriores à semeadura, o uso do osmoprotetor para os dois tipos de inoculação, não diferiu estatisticamente dos demais tratamentos inoculados no mesmo dia da semeadura. A co-inoculação proporcionou incremento na produtividade de grãos de 240 kg ha-1 quando comparado à inoculação convencional. Os cultivares BMX Ativa, TEC 6029 e BMX Potência quando co-inoculadas apresentaram incrementos na produtividade de 6, 4 e 12% respectivamente. Com a adição de 150 kg de N ha-1, os dois cultivares indeterminados apresentaram incremento na produtividade de 300 kg ha-1, porém, sem retorno econômico. Os cultivares testados quando inoculados convencionalmente não respondem positivamente à aplicação de ureia. Portanto, esses resultados confirmam a eficácia do uso de osmoprotetores e co-inoculação de sementes e o baixo retorno econômico proporcionado pelo uso de fertilizante nitrogenado. Enfatiza-se o uso de substâncias de ativação e proteção para os rizóbios na formulação de inoculantes, assim como, mais estudos quanto a eficiência da co-inoculação com rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas para obtenção de maiores produtividades.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The weeds adversely interfere with the development, yield and quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The inappropriate use of herbicides for weed control can lead to resistant biotypes appearance or tolerant, causing a change in the flora of weeds in fields. An example of this is the increased occurrence of morning-glory (Ipomoea spp.) In the fields of southern Brazil. The aim of this study were (i) to investigate the competitive ability of soybean and I. triloba, I. purpurea and I. indivisa undivided through the experimental method of substitutive series. (ii) quantify the losses arising from the competition of two species of morning-glory in coexistence with soybean. We conducted two experiments at greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications, using pots with a 8 dm3 capacity, with ratios of soybean and morning-glory 100: 0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 to 100: 0, the population was defined in the preliminary experiment 250 plants m-2. The second study was conducted in the field in the season 2013/2014. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications, with treatments being distributed in a factorial sequence, which evaluated the effect of competition on two soybean cultivars (TEC6029 and TEC7849), of a morning-glory (I . triloba and I. purpurea) infestation in different densities (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 plants m-2). In the first experiment, the observed deviations in relative yield and straight overall relative yield in relation to the expected lines, resulted in convex lines for soybeans and concave to Ipomoea spp, so there was competition for resources and a more competitive species than the other. Soybean showed competitiveness more than morning-glory when species were in the same proportion. In the second experiment the soybean field coexistence with different population of morning-glory affects yield components and grain yield. / As plantas daninhas interferem negativamente no desenvolvimento, produtividade e qualidade da soja [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. O uso inadequado de herbicidas para o controle de plantas daninhas pode levar ao aparecimento de biótipos resistentes e ou tolerantes, provocando mudança na flora de plantas daninhas em lavouras de soja. Exemplo disso, é o aumento na ocorrência de corda-de-viola (Ipomoea spp.) nas lavouras da região Sul do Brasil. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho: (i) investigar a habilidade competitiva de plantas de soja e de I. triloba, I. purpurea e I. indivisa. (ii) quantificar os prejuízos decorrentes da competição de duas espécies de cordas-de-viola em convivência com a soja. O primeiro trabalho foi realizado por meio do método experimental de séries onde se realizou dois experimentos em casa-de-vegetação no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, utilizando vasos com capacidade de 8 dm3, com proporções entre soja e corda-de-viola de 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 100:0, com população definida no experimento preliminar de 250 plantas m-2. O segundo trabalho foi realizado a campo na safra agrícola 2013/2014, com delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial, onde se avaliou o efeito da competição sobre duas cultivares de soja (TEC6029 e TEC7849), das espécies de corda-de-viola (I. triloba e I. purpurea) em diferentes populações (0, 4, 8, 16 e 32 plantas m-2). No primeiro experimento, os desvios observados nas retas de produtividade relativa e produtividade relativa total, em relação às retas esperadas, resultaram em linhas convexas para a soja e côncavas para Ipomoea spp, havendo competição pelos recursos sendo uma espécie mais competitiva do que a outra. A soja apresentou competitividade superior à corda-de-viola quando as espécies estavam na mesma proporção sendo que para a soja prevaleceu a competição intraespecífica enquanto que para as cordas-de-viola a competição interespecífica. No segundo experimento realizado a campo a convivência da soja com diferentes populações de cordas-de-viola afetam os componentes produtividade.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_cristiane_deuner.pdf: 471328 bytes, checksum: 0544ad4cc291a4cff337434a54a46afd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / Soybean has great economic importance in agriculture as well as in Brazil and other cultures, productivity and profitability are key aspects. In this context, the use of seeds of good quality with high germination and vigor and in the appropriate dosage of fertilizers, plant available at the moment are demanded is very important to achieve an appropriate stand of plants, and seeds with satisfactory production quality. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilizer management through seed treatment and foliar application on yield components and physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and six treatments, constituting a witness and five different combinations of nutrients (CoMo, Whole, Potassium phosphite, Manganese and CaB), applied as seed treatment or via leaf at different times. The nutritional managements used did not favor the performance of soybean, including grain yield, physiological and sanitary quality of the seed produced. There is a higher incidence of fungi of the genera Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. / A soja possui grande importância econômica na agricultura brasileira e assim como em outras culturas, a produtividade e a lucratividade são aspectos fundamentais. Nesse contexto, a utilização de sementes de boa qualidade, com germinação e vigor elevados e de fertilizantes na dose adequada, disponibilizados a planta no momento em que são demandados é de suma importância para se atingir um adequado estande de plantas, produção satisfatória e sementes com qualidade. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do manejo da adubação via tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar sobre os componentes do rendimento e a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos, se constituindo de uma testemunha e mais cinco combinações entre diferentes nutrientes (CoMo, Completo, Fosfito de potássio, Manganês e CaB), aplicados via tratamento de sementes ou via foliar em diferentes épocas. Os manejos nutricionais utilizados não favoreceram o desempenho da cultivar de soja, incluindo o rendimento de grãos, a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária da semente produzida. Há maior incidência de fungos dos gêneros Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-09-06T16:08:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 542389 bytes, checksum: 16711f10ab30fbe3018e7a5d3be9aa19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T16:08:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 542389 bytes, checksum: 16711f10ab30fbe3018e7a5d3be9aa19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A seleção de genitores é a primeira etapa em um programa de melhoramento e define o potencial de sucesso no desenvolvimento de uma cultivar superior. A seleção genômica ampla (do inglês, genome wide selection – GWS) associa informações moleculares e fenotípicas e prediz o desempenho de progênies futuras (valor genético genômico predito) com informações moleculares. Neste cenário, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial da GWS na predição do desempenho de híbridos e, consequentemente, na seleção de genitores para cruzamentos, utilizando-se somente informações genotípicas dos híbridos. Ademais, almejou-se comparar os resultados com técnicas tradicionais de seleção de genitores (seleção univariada e multivariada), visando o estabelecimento de blocos de cruzamento, para, então, parametrizar o potencial da GWS. Para execução do experimento foram utilizados dados simulados tomando como referência o genoma da soja. Foram criadas 200 RILs (do inglês, recombinant inbred line) com informações moleculares de 5400 SNPs e quatro características fenotípicas (produtividade, altura de planta, acamamento e ramificações laterais). Além disso, foram gerados 19900 híbridos oriundos do intercruzamento de todas as RILs. O conjunto de informações das RILs foram criadas fazendo alusão ao processo de fenotipagem e genotipagem de um conjunto de linhagens de soja com potencial para serem selecionadas como genitores em um programa de melhoramento. Primeiramente, foram selecionadas 10 linhagens seguindo critério univariado para a característica de interesse, ou seja, baseando-se no desempenho fenotípico per se para a produtividade. Em seguida, utilizou-se de um critério multivariado para seleção de genitores. Neste, foi empregado o método de agrupamento de Tocher, utilizando-se a distância euclidiana média, e a técnica de componentes principais para seleção de 10 linhagens geneticamente divergentes. Posteriormente, a seleção de genitores (10 linhagens) foi baseada no valor genético genômico estimado das RILs, cuja estimação foi obtida a partir da metodologia de seleção genômica ampla, considerando o carácter produtividade. Neste caso, foram selecionadas as linhagens com maior valor genético genômico estimado. Os três blocos de cruzamentos gerados foram avaliados pelo modelo de análise dialélica proposto por Griffing (1956). Paralelamente, os valores fenotípicos dos híbridos foram analisados visando a seleção das melhores populações híbridas de cada bloco de cruzamento. Além disto, estimou-se o valor genético genômico predito de todos os híbridos oriundos do intercruzamento das 200 linhagens e o potencial preditivo foi verificado analisando-se o desempenho fenotípico dos melhores híbridos preditos. As metodologias de seleção de genitores univariada com base em valores fenotípicos e predição pela GWS apresentaram quatro populações híbridas promissoras de acordo com a análise dialélica, enquanto que o critério multivariado para seleção de genitores rendeu seis híbridos superiores. Entretanto, considerando-se a seleção dos 20% melhores híbridos baseados apenas em dados fenotípicos, foi observado que as populações mais promissoras foram encontradas no bloco de cruzamento baseado no valor genético genômico estimado dos genitores, seguido pelo critério multivariado e univariado. O desempenho fenotípico médio destes híbridos superiores foi 1,14, 1,11 e 0,93, respectivamente. A predição de performance empregada pela GWS para quatro características fenotípicas apresentou resultados promissores. O desempenho fenotípico dos melhores híbridos preditos para as características produtividade, altura de planta, acamamento e ramificações laterais apontou que 30%, 47%, 46% e 46% dos melhores híbridos preditos apresentaram excelente desempenho fenotípico, respectivamente. Além disso, observou-se que os genitores das populações híbridas com excelente desempenho fenotípico apresentavam elevados valores genético genômicos, destacando a importância de se considerar informações de genitores. Este resultado ressalta o potencial da GWS na predição do desempenho de híbridos e, consequentemente, na determinação dos genitores selecionados para cruzamentos. / Parental selection is the main stage in a breeding program, once it delimits the success in developing a new cultivar. The Genome Wide Selection (GWS) enables the association of molecular information with phenotypic data and predicts the performance of future progenies (estimated breeding value) using molecular information. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of GWS to predict hybrid performance and, consequently, support parental selection, only employing genotypic information of hybrid populations. Besides, we aimed to compare the results with traditional methods of parental selection (univariate and multivariate selection), in order to form crossing blocks, and, therefore, to parametrize the GWS potential. We ran this study based on simulated data from the soybean reference genome. We created 200 RILs (recombinant inbred line) associated to molecular information (5400 SNP markers) and four phenotypic traits (yield, plant height, lodging and number of branches). We created the 19900 hybrids from the intercross of all RILs as well. The group of RILs data was created aiming to allude the process of genotyping and phenotyping a set of soybean inbred lines with potential to yield promising hybrids. First, 10 inbred lines were selected according to per se performance criteria for yield, that is, the most yielding lines were selected. Then, a multivariate approach was employed for parental selection. In this case, the Tocher grouping technique, based on average Euclidean distance, and Principal Components analysis were employed to select the most genetically divergent inbred lines (10 inbred selected). Next, the parental selection (10 inbred lines selected) was based on estimated breeding value of RILs, whose estimation was made according to the GWS methodology for yield. All three crossing blocks were evaluated through diallele cross analysis following the method proposed by Griffing (1956). Alongside, the hybrids phenotypic performance was analyzed solely as well. Moreover, we estimated all hybrids breeding value from the intercross of the 200 RILs and its prediction capability was verified analyzing the phenotypic performance of the best predicted hybrids. The parental selection approaches based on univariate criteria and GWS prediction displayed four promising hybrid populations according to the diallele cross analysis, while the multivariate criteria yielded six superior hybrids. However, considering selecting the 20% best hybrids based solely on phenotypic performance, we observed that the most promising ones were found in the crossing block based on estimated breeding value, follow by the multivariate approach and univariate criteria. The phenotypic average performance of these superior hybrids populations were 1.14, 1.11 and 0.93, respectively. The performance prediction employed for four agronomic traits by GWS delivered promising results. The phenotypic analysis of the best hybrids according to the GWS prediction model (ones with highest estimated breeding value) for yield, plant height, lodging and number of branches pointed out that 30%, 47%, 46% and 46% of theses hybrids performed phenotypically greatly, respectively. In addition, the genitors of the hybrid populations with excellent phenotypic performance had great estimated breeding value, indicating parental information importance. These results highlight the potential of GWS in predicting the best hybrids and, therefore, establishing the best parents for crossing.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21805号 / 農博第2318号 / 新制||農||1065(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H31||N5177(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 奥本 裕, 教授 稲村 達也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21835号 / 農博第2348号 / 新制||農||1068(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H31||N5207(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 稲村 達也, 准教授 田中 朋之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM