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Dünenmesolithikum aus dem Fiener bruch. ...Bicker, Friedrich-Karl Heinrich, January 1934 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Halle-Wittenberg University. / "Literaturnachweis", pp.[149]-158.
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Mesolithic social territories in northwestern EuropeGendel, Peter A. January 1983 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 252-274).
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Dünenmesolithikum aus dem Fiener bruch. ...Bicker, Friedrich-Karl Heinrich, January 1934 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Halle-Wittenberg University. / "Literaturnachweis", pp.[149]-158.
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Lithic raw material procurement through time at Swartkrans: earlier to Middle Stone AgeSherwood, Nicole Leoni 08 January 2014 (has links)
A dissertation submitted to the School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental
Studies, Faculty of Science University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg for the degree of Master of Science.
Johannesburg 2013. / Tool manufacturing played a major role in the development and evolution of our species, and
by studying the tools left behind by our ancestors we gain valuable insight into their
development and behaviours through time. This study was conducted on the Swartkrans
Oldowan (2.2 - 1.7 Ma), early Acheulean (1.5 - 1 Ma), and Middle Stone Age (<110 ka)
assemblages to determine the degree of lithic raw material selectivity for making stone tools,
and if they practiced ever increasing selection towards better quality stone over time. The
presence of quality selection was determined by comparing the various Swartkrans
assemblages with experimentally created lithic tools from rock types found in the study area.
Three main characteristics that determine selection of rock types were isolated: flaking
predictability, durability and sharpness. Analysis of the data provided further evidence that
our early stone tool making ancestors had the ability to understand how different rock types
behave when knapped and tended to select rocks that had a high flaking predictability, high
durability and could produce fairly sharp edges. It was also apparent that they could identify
features that diminish the above mentioned characteristics. Variables such as the impurity
encounter rate, fracture encounter rate, weathering, grain size and homogeneity were semiquantitatively
recorded for the three techno-complexes at Swartkrans and compared to each
other to help identify the degree of selectivity that was practiced over time. The data revealed
that selection for quality of lithic raw materials was practiced to some extent during the
Oldowan and improved slightly in the early Acheulean. The most marked selection for
quality was seen for the Middle Stone Age when modern humans used the site. These results
indicate that as time progressed in the Sterkfontein valley, and the stone tool technologies
became more complex, so too did the selective pressures and thus an increase in selection for
quality lithic raw materials over the course of time.
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AN ANALYSIS OF LITHIC VARIABILITY FROM THE MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA (SPAIN).BARTON, CHARLES MICHAEL. January 1987 (has links)
In order to understand past human behavior, it is necessary to identify and explain variability in the cultural materials resulting from this behavior. Chipped stone artifacts are the most ubiquitous cultural materials from the Middle Paleolithic. However, the interpretation of variability in these artifacts has been difficult. To address this problem, morphological variability in 1,146 Middle Paleolithic chipped stone tools, from four sites in the Iberian Peninsula, is examined in detail. This study differs from other analyses of Middle Paleolithic artifacts in emphasizing a quantitative investigation of both continuous and discrete morphological variability at the level of tool edges. These data permit analyses of the distribution of variability at the levels of individual edges, whole pieces, and assemblages. Patterns of lithic variability are also examined in the context of early Upper Pleistocene chronology and environment and compared with a larger population of Middle Paleolithic sites in Spain and the northwestern Mediterranean as a whole. For the assemblages studied, variability in edge morphology is predominantly continuous and normally distributed. Signficantly patterned relationships between edge attributes are restricted to cases in which one attribute limits, rather than determines, the range of variability in the other. These seem primarily based in the degree to which use, resharpening, and consequent edge reduction has taken place. Additionally, a dichotomy in patterns of edge use is suggested, associated with the extensiveness of use and modification. For whole pieces, most variability mirrors that of edges, suggesting that retouched artifacts are more the result of the extent and nature of the use of their edges than planned tools for which the maker had some form of "mental template." At the level of assemblages, temporal variability is minimal, while spatial and environmental associated variability is more apparent. These results are examined in light of the three most often proposed explanations for variability in Middle Paleolithic assemblages--style, function, and diachronic change. Subsequently, other aspects of Middle Paleolithic behavior--ranging from raw material usage to settlement patterns--are examined as potential sources for the patterns of lithic variability in the assemblages studied.
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Sedges as bedding in Middle Stone Age SibuduSievers, Christine 30 July 2013 (has links)
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science,
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
2013 / Cyperaceae (sedge) nutlets dominate the archaeobotanical assemblage of fruits and
seeds recovered from the Middle Stone Age deposits at the rock shelter Sibudu,
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Sievers 2006). My aim is to investigate the
implications of the nutlet presence in terms of human behaviour and to demonstrate
that the nutlets were likely brought into the shelter on sedge culms (stems)
deliberately harvested by people and informally placed on the shelter floor to
provide “bedding”, a surface for working, resting or sleeping. I use various
empirical and experimental approaches to confirm the use of sedges for bedding at
Sibudu as early as ~77 000 years ago, almost 50 000 years earlier than any
previously identified archaeological bedding. The bedding consists of the sedges
Cladium mariscus subsp. jamaicense, Scleria natalensis, S. melanomphala, Cyperus
sp. and a panicoid grass, identified through Scanning Electron Microscopy
To investigate repeated and deliberate burning of bedding at Sibudu, I use
experimental micromorphology and I compare the signatures of the Sibudu
sediments with burned fresh sedge and grass bedding. I undertake further fire
experiments, also in open air situations, to answer questions about burning sedge
beds and the taphonomic implications. Experimental sedge bedding fires are hot and
brief. The matrix beneath the fires affects the temperatures achieved both on the
surface directly under the fire, and at depths of 2 cm and 5 cm below the surface; an
ash matrix conducts heat more effectively than a matrix of 1–2 mm sized particles
and allows for carbonisation of buried nutlets. The burning of dry and green bedding
indicates that once the bedding is burning, the temperatures are sufficient to
carbonise sedge nutlets below both dry and moist bedding.
The methodological innovations I introduce are the use of experimental
micromorphology to address an archaeobotanical question and the use of GIS-based
coexistence analysis of southern African archaeobotanical data to make
interpretations about past climate. The analysis develops previous palaeovegetation
research in the area (Sievers 2006; Wadley et al. 2008) and provides an
environmental context for people/plant activities at Sibudu.
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Biomechanical evidence of decreased mobility in upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic EuropeHolt, Brigitte M. January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-179). Also available on the Internet.
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Biomechanical evidence of decreased mobility in upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europe /Holt, Brigitte M. January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-179). Also available on the Internet.
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An exploration of the Middle Stone Age of eastern Africa and excavations at Rambogo Rock Shelter, KenyaBasell, Laura Sophie January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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The middle stone age at Klasies River, South AfricaWurz, Sarah (Sarah Jacoba Deborah) 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (D Phil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Late Pleistocene, Middle Stone Age artefact sequence at the Klasies River main
site, was studied to establish what information this held for inferences on the
emergence of symbolic thought and communication. The approach adopted was to
complement traditional typological analysis by a technological study of artefact
production within the framework of the chafne opératoire. The results show that
technology was aimed at producing preformed blanks. In the choice of materials, the
technique and method of blank production and the retouch of blanks, arbitrary or
stylistic choices were made. Changes in stylistic conventions can be documented
through the sequence. Changing conventions in artefact production show that the lives
of the people who made the artefacts were structured in a symbolic web. These results
together with evidence from evolutionary biology, show that by at least 115 000 years
ago, people were able to think and speak symbolically. This African archaeological
evidence for the emergence of symbolism, a defining attribute of modem peoples, is
much older than previously considered.
KEYWORDS: Klasies River, Middle Stone Age, technology, symbolic
communication, human evolution. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Latere Pleistoseen, Middel Steentydperk artefakte by Klasiesrivier vindplaas is
bestudeer om te bepaal watter kennis ingewin kan word aangaande die ontstaan van
simboliese denkwyse en kommunikasie. Die benadering wat gevolg is, was om
tradisionele tipologiese analise te komplementeer met 'n tegnologiese studie van
artefak produksie binne die raamwerk van die chafne opératoire. Die resultate
demonstreer dat tegnologie gemik was op die produksie van voorafgevormde skilfers.
Die keuse van roumateriaal, die tegniek en metode van produksie en die herafwerk
van skilfers is gelei deur arbitrêre stilistiese keuses. Veranderinge in hierdie
konvensies kan gedokumenteer word deur die hele sekwens. Hierdie verandering is
tipies van mense wie se lewens gestruktureer word deur 'n simboliese web. Dié
resultate, en dié van evolusionêre biologie, dui daarop dat mense reeds teen 115 000
jaar gelede simboliese denke en spraak magtig was. Hierdie bewyse vanuit Afrika vir
die ontstaan van simboliese gedrag is veel vroeër as vantevore gereken.
SLEUTEL WOORDE: Klasiesrivier, Middel Steentydperk, tegnologie, simboliese
kommunikasie, menslike evolusie.
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