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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Upwelling and cross-shelf transport dynamics along the Pacific Eastern Boundary

Combes, Vincent 06 July 2010 (has links)
The upwelling and cross-shelf transport dynamics along the Pacific Eastern Boundary is explored using a high resolution ocean model for the last 60 years. Three ocean circulations have been modeled. From North to South, we investigate the dynamics of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), the California Current System (CCS) and the Humboldt Current System (HCS, also known as the Peru-Chile Current System). The statistics of coastal waters transport are computed using a model passive tracer, which is continuously released at the coast. By looking at the passive tracer concentration distribution, we find that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation modulates the coastal variability of the GOA, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation controls the upwelling of the CCS, while the El-Niño Southern Oscillation affects the upwelling of Peru and Chile mainly through coastally trapped Kelvin waves. Results also emphasize the key role of the mesoscale eddies in the offshore transport of coastal waters masses. The passive tracer experiments, performed in this study in the GOA, CCS, and HCS, therefore could provide a dynamical framework to understand the dynamics of the upwelling/downwelling and offshore transport of nutrient rich coastal water and to interpret how it responds to atmospheric forcing. This also could reinforce our interpretation (and therefore predictions) in the changes in vertical and offshore advection of other important biogeochemical quantities, essential in understanding ecosystem variability.
2

Climate change impact on ecosystems of Prince Edward Islands : role of oceanic mesoscale processes / Impact du changement climatique sur les écosystèmes des îles du Prince Édouard : rôle des processus océaniques mésoéchelle

Asdar, Sarah 06 July 2018 (has links)
L’archipel du Prince Édouard est situé dans le Courant Circumpolaire Antarctique, entre le Front Subantarctique (SAF) et le front polaire (PF). Les positions de ces fronts se sont révélées très variables aux échelles interannuelles et mensuelles et ont montré une tendance à long terme à migrer vers le sud dans la région. L'activité tourbillonnaire, observée à la dorsale sud-ouest indienne, en amont de l’archipel, a également affiché une variabilité interannuelle et intra-annuelle ainsi qu’une tendance à la baisse sur ces 24 dernières années. A une échelle plus locale, nous avons souligné que les conditions aux îles sont impactées par ces tourbillons mésoéchelle produits en amont. La marée a également été mise en évidence comme jouant un rôle non négligeable dans la variabilité de la circulation entre les îles. Une configuration idéalisée a été mise en place pour la région afin d’étudier les propriétés des tourbillons et les mécanismes physiques à l’origine de leur formation. L'énergie potentielle tourbillonnaire disponible a révélé un maximum d'énergie aux alentours de 800 m de profondeur, confirmant le caractère « deep-reaching » des tourbillons. Cette activité tourbillonnaire a été montrée comme étant le résultat d'une combinaison d’instabilités barotropes et baroclines. Enfin, nous avons enquêté sur les conséquences potentielles d'une migration vers le sud du SAF dans la région des îles. Le modèle étant idéalisé, il nous a permis de simuler un déplacement vers le sud en déplaçant les conditions initiales ainsi que les conditions aux limites. Le principal résultat a été la nette diminution de l'activité mésoéchelle dans la région, ce qui pourrait avoir un impact sur les écosystèmes de l’archipel du Prince Édouard. / The subantarctic Prince Edward Islands lie in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, between the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and the Polar Front (PF). These fronts positions were found to be highly variable at interannual and monthly time scales and revealed a significant long-term southward trend in the region. The intense mesoscale activity, observed upstream the islands at the South West Indian Ridge, also showed an interannual and intra-annual variability as well a decrease in eddy kinetic energy over 24 years. At a more local scale, we highlighted that the archipelago’s environment was impacted by the mesoscale features produced upstream.Tides appeared to be another important driver of variability of the circulation in between the two islands.An idealised model configuration was designed for the Prince Edward Islands region to study the mesoscale eddy properties and the physical mechanisms of their formation at the ridge. The Eddy Available Potential Energy revealed a maximum of energy around 800 m depth, confirming the deep reaching characteristic of the eddy originated in the region and suggested the presence of a local energy source at this depth. This eddies activity was shown to be the result of a combination of barotropic and baroclinic instabilities occurring at the ridge.Finally, we investigated on the potential consequences of a southward shift of the SAF in the region of the islands.Because the model was idealised, it allowed us to simulate an SAF southward shift by shifting the initial and boundary conditions. The main result was the clear decrease of mesoscale activity in the region which could potentially impact the ecosystems of the Prince Edward Islands.

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