Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures The goal of this study is to determine the influence of sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate as elicitors on production of scopoletin in cell suspension culture of Angelica archangelica L. The culture was grown in a liquid culture medium Murashige and Skoog on a roller apparatus in the dark and light. The content of scopoletin was in cells and in the culture medium determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The results show that sodium molybdate served as an elicitor to the production of scopoletin positively, application of sodium tungstate did not increase scopoletin production in any case. The highest production of scopoletin after application of sodium molybdate versus the control cells was reached in the suspension culture of Angelica archangelica L. cultured in the dark at a concentration of 25,50 mg/l. Scopoletin content increased by 166,7 %. After application of sodium tungstate the production always decreased, in the medium of a suspension culture of Angelica archangelica L. cultivated in the light at a concentration of 66.00 mg/l, the production decrease was by up 62,5 %.

This thesis deals with the edible flowers, their contained substances and favourable influence on people. According to the fact that there exist a broad scale of edible plants and flowers, several of them were chosen for this thesis. Their characteristic and usage - not just in gastronomy - is described in a theoretical part. The theoretical part also includes further familiarisation with substances contained in the flowers, such as primary and secondary metabolites. In practical part, there are given examples of chosen restaurants, which are using edible flowers and products of them in their operation. The results of gauging the contained substances in individual plants are elaborated and graphically evaluated. There is also introduced an example of the popularization of chosen species at the occasion of an exhibition 'Sping on the plate' on Rybniční chateau in Lednice.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles are highly variable materials capable of producing positive and negative responses to their effects on plants. Negative effects are often associated with their excessive concentration, which can cause oxidative stress in plants.Conversely, suitable dosages lead to positive manifestations of growth and improvement in the properties studied. ZnO nanoparticles provide plants with a more acceptable form of zinc that is well accessible and easier to use. However, information about their pos-sible toxic effect in combination with another stress factor is lack. The aim of this work was to compare and evaluate the effects of zinc in the form of nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with the effects of zinc bound in chelate bonding (Zn-EDTA), in combination with UV-C stress factor in plants Solanum lycoperscicum L. Results of this pilot experiment show that both ZnO and Zn-EDTA nanoparticles of 10.95 mg Zn2+ /l in combination with UV-C radiation have a negative effect on vitality and induce oxidative stress in treated plants. The decisive effect on the toxic effect was based on the concentration used and the form of zinc applied. Differences were expres-sed in expression levels of genes affected by oxidative stress. The results obtained from the expression analysis of the genes made it possible to observe the individual transcripts used to respond to oxidative stress and also to provide information on the possible sy-nergistic effect of UV-C radiation and zinc in both studied forms (Zn-EDTA and ZnO NPs).

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Student: Jiří Olšar Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Tomáš Siatka, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Podophyllotoxin in eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) This thesis describes the optimisation of the extraction process for quantity determination of podophyllotoxin in the leaves of Juniperus virginiana L. This determination was conducted through three different methods: the extraction in ultrasound bath, the extraction in the orbital shaker and the maceration in cold environment of 4 řC. Extractions were affected by various factors which were monitored, for instance time of extraction, temperature, and extraction solvents. The most efficient method appears to be the extraction in ultrasound bath with the use of methanol or a combination of phosphate buffer with ethyl-acetate.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Title of the Diploma thesis: FENOLIC ACIDS IN PLANTS Candidate: Lucie Klížová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2020/2021, pp. 153 Phenolic acids belongs between secondary metabolites, which are part of fruits, vegetables, cereals and other plants of different families. For example, it can be plants of family Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Ericaceae, which contain significant amounts of these substances. In plants phenolic acids play an important role and they have many human health-promoting effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer activity and other. Plants containing phenolic acids are preferably also used as antidiabetics, expectorants, insecticides, hypolipidemics, cardioprotective and neurological compounds, etc. The content of these compounds in plants may be different according to monitored cultivar, the place of growth, the time of harvest and many other aspects. Presence, identification and subsequent quantification of individual phenolic acids are usually done through the HPLC and MS methods and total content of these compounds is determined through the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The diploma thesis is a literature...

No treatment that would completely stop the progression of Alzheimer's disease has not been found yet. Recently used tacrine showed good results in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, however long-term use led to chronic hepatotoxicity due to its metabolites. This master thesis deals with the compound 7-phenoxytacrine, one of the promising tacrine derivatives, which is one of the candidates for potential use in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Due to the formation of hepatotoxic metabolites of tacrine after the biotransformation in human liver, it appears necessary to identify the emerging metabolites of 7-phenoxytacrine molecule. Within this master's thesis in vitro biotransformation study of 7-phenoxytacrine using human liver microsomes was performed. High performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the parent substance and the seventeen 7-phenoxytacrine metabolites. The analytical method showed the formation of six monohydroxylated and eleven dehydroxylated metabolites of 7-phenoxytacrine. Thus, we concluded that hydroxylation is the major metabolic reaction after in vitro microsomal biotransformation. In addition to the identification of metabolites, a quantification and microsomal stability study, including the determination of the amount of...

1 Abstract: Secondary metabolism of Gram-positive soil bacteria from the genus Streptomyces is a inestimable source of natural products including manumycins, which belong to a polyketide group. These products possess weak antimicrobial, but important antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities. Streptomyces sp. offers broad amounts of yet undiscovered antibiotics, potentially utilizable in clinical medicine. This fact makes out of these organisms a promising solution to our present problem with rising antibiotic resistance among microorganisms. Two main ways are applied in this research: There are efforts of prepairing new derivates based on known products and creating various modifications in their structure. Next, new producers are discovered by "genome mining" methods, activation of silent gene clusters, followed by improvements of antibiotic production. One of those silent clusters was found in the Saccharothrix espanaensis DSM44229 strain. The genetic information has been transferred to a heterologous host in order to characterize its product. Cluster activation and production of novel manumycin-type metabolites occurred in the host after the transfer.

Nejedly, J.: Nutraceuticals 5. Compounds usable as an adjuvant in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Kralove 2014, 102 p. This literature review, dealing with the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and possible use of nutraceutical products as an adjuvant in the therapy of the disease, has been done by analysis of foreign and domestic literature. In the chapter Alzheimer's disease, various pathological processes, leading to the development of the disease and also risk factors, clinical picture and a brief indications of currently used treatment, were introduced. The main part of thesis called Nutraceuticals has introduced a comprehensive overview and categorization of compounds (plant extracts) which can be used in influencing of Alzheimer's disease by the mechanism of action. In the chapter Nutraceuticals in Czech Republic, various product and suplements were listed, which are available on the market in Czech Republic and could be used as an adjuvant in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Finally, it was shown the evaluation (pros, cons, potential interaction) of substances and supplements, which have been state in the thesis, with a proposal for their...

Kočová, K.: Natural compounds and their β-secretase inhibitory activity, Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2015, 83 p. Data used in this Diploma Thesis have been taken from foreigner scientific literature. It provides the whole summary of natural compounds with β-secretase inhibitory activity. First chapter Alzheimer's disease briefly describes a definition, risk factors and symptomatology of the disease. Most of this chapter characterizes an etiopathology of the disease focused on amyloid theory. Finally there are also mentioned current approaches to therapy of Alzheimer's disease and those, which stay in clinical trials. Next part is dedicated to physiological functions and substrates of the β-secretase. This diploma thesis evaluates the current state of scientific research of synthetic inhibitors of β-secretase, describes the most important methods of testing inhibition and activity of β-secretase in vitro and outlines the issue of development of new inhibitors using in silico method. Main part of this work consists of the list of natural compounds with β- secretase inhibitory activity. This part is structured according to particular types of primary and secondary metabolites....

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Jakub Mísař Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Copper reducing effects of quercetin metabolites Copper is an essential trace element in particular due to its ability to easily convert between both redox forms: oxidized (Cu2+ ) and reduced (Cu+ ). Flavonoids are common components of the human diet and they can have positive influence on human health. They are converted into small phenolic acids during digestion by specific bacteria in the colon. Although effects of flavonoids have been extensively studied, the same is not true for their metabolites- phenolic acids. In this in vitro study, eight phenolic acids, which are known metabolites of commonly used flavonoid quercetin, were analyzed for their copper reducing activity at four (patho)physiologically relevant pHs. Simple spectrophotometric method based on an indicator bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium salt was used for the assessment reduction of copper ions. The degree of cupric reduction differed among tested compounds. All o- dihydroxycompounds were the most active and achieved 100% of cupric ion reduction in low compound to copper ratio. In conclusion, based on this study, it appears that...