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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo do potencial de biossorção de cobre por Rhodococcus erythropolis e Enterobacter cloacae isoladas de uma área de mineração. / Study of cooper biosorption potential by Rhodococcus erythropolis and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from mining area.

Baltazar, Marcela dos Passos Galluzzi 15 March 2017 (has links)
A mina do Sossego, localizada em Canaã dos Carajás - Pará, principal mina de cobre do país, atualmente possui uma lagoa de rejeitos com baixas concentrações de cobre. Este é um cenário de impacto ambiental, que pode ser diminuído através de processos de biorremediação, usando a microbiota local. Neste contexto, este trabalho avalia a capacidade de biossorção de cobre (Cu++) por linhagens bacterianas isoladas de amostras ambientais da mina, bem como as melhores condições para o processo. Dentre as linhagens isoladas de amostras ambientais (água e sedimento), duas delas foram exploradas nesse trabalho quanto à resistência e capacidade de biossorção de cobre, uma vez que mostraramse representativas da microbiota e tolerantes à concentrações de até 400 mg.L-1 de Cu++. Estas linhagens foram identificadas como Enterobacter cloacae e Rhodococcus erythropolis por espectrometria de massas (MALDI-TOF) e sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, apresentando capacidades máximas de biossorção de Cu++ de aproximadamente 122,0 mg.g- 1 e 370,0 mg.g-1 para R. erythropolis e E. cloacae, respectivamente, nas condições estudadas. Os parâmetros cinéticos de isotermas de biossorção foram obtidos através do modelo de Langmuir. As melhores condições para o processo de biossorção de Cu++ encontradas foram de 28°C, 180 rpm e 0,1g.L-1 de biomassa para, pH de 5 e 6, respectivamente para R.erythropolis e E.cloacae. Dados de bioacumulação também foram observados, sugerindo um mecanismo de efluxo celular para ambos os isolados, apresentando dados de captação máxima de Cu++ de 210 mg.g-1, para R. erythropolis e 20 mg.g-1, para E. cloacae. Também foram avaliadas diferentes condições de cultivo para maior obtenção de biomassa bacteriana, conseguindo um aumento de rendimento celular de até 7 vezes para R. erythropolis e 3 vezes para E.cloacae. / The Sossego mine, located in Canaã dos Carajás - Pará, currently has a tailings pond with low concentration of copper. This is an environmental impact scenario, which can be decreased by bioremediation processes using the local microbiota. In this context, this work evaluates the copper biosorption capacity (Cu++) from bacterial strains isolated from environmental samples of the mine, as well as the best conditions for the process. Among the isolated strains of environmental samples (water and sediment), two of them were explored in this work regarding the resistance and capacity of copper biosorption, because they were abundant and tolerant to concentrations up to 400 mg.L-1 Cu++. These strains were identified as Enterobacter cloacae and Rhodococcus erythropolis by MALDI-TOF and 16S gene sequencing, and showed maximum copper biosorption capacities of approximately 122.0 mg.g-1 and 370.0 mg.g-1 for R. erythropolis and E. cloacae, respectively, in the better conditions studied, according to kinetic parameters of biosorption isotherms, through the Langmuir model. The best conditions for the copper biosorption process were 28 °C, 180 rpm and 0.1g.L-1 of biomass for both, and pH of 5 and 6, respectively, for R .erythropolis and E. cloacae. Bioaccumulation data were also observed, suggesting a mechanism of cellular efflux for both bacteria and presenting data of maximum copper uptake of 210 mg.g-1, for R. erythropolis and 20 mg.g-1, for E. cloacae. Different cultivation conditions were also evaluated to obtain a higher bacterial biomass, achieving a cellular yield increase of up to 7 times for R. erythropolis and 3 times for E. cloacae.
2

Estudo do potencial de biossorção de cobre por Rhodococcus erythropolis e Enterobacter cloacae isoladas de uma área de mineração. / Study of cooper biosorption potential by Rhodococcus erythropolis and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from mining area.

Marcela dos Passos Galluzzi Baltazar 15 March 2017 (has links)
A mina do Sossego, localizada em Canaã dos Carajás - Pará, principal mina de cobre do país, atualmente possui uma lagoa de rejeitos com baixas concentrações de cobre. Este é um cenário de impacto ambiental, que pode ser diminuído através de processos de biorremediação, usando a microbiota local. Neste contexto, este trabalho avalia a capacidade de biossorção de cobre (Cu++) por linhagens bacterianas isoladas de amostras ambientais da mina, bem como as melhores condições para o processo. Dentre as linhagens isoladas de amostras ambientais (água e sedimento), duas delas foram exploradas nesse trabalho quanto à resistência e capacidade de biossorção de cobre, uma vez que mostraramse representativas da microbiota e tolerantes à concentrações de até 400 mg.L-1 de Cu++. Estas linhagens foram identificadas como Enterobacter cloacae e Rhodococcus erythropolis por espectrometria de massas (MALDI-TOF) e sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, apresentando capacidades máximas de biossorção de Cu++ de aproximadamente 122,0 mg.g- 1 e 370,0 mg.g-1 para R. erythropolis e E. cloacae, respectivamente, nas condições estudadas. Os parâmetros cinéticos de isotermas de biossorção foram obtidos através do modelo de Langmuir. As melhores condições para o processo de biossorção de Cu++ encontradas foram de 28°C, 180 rpm e 0,1g.L-1 de biomassa para, pH de 5 e 6, respectivamente para R.erythropolis e E.cloacae. Dados de bioacumulação também foram observados, sugerindo um mecanismo de efluxo celular para ambos os isolados, apresentando dados de captação máxima de Cu++ de 210 mg.g-1, para R. erythropolis e 20 mg.g-1, para E. cloacae. Também foram avaliadas diferentes condições de cultivo para maior obtenção de biomassa bacteriana, conseguindo um aumento de rendimento celular de até 7 vezes para R. erythropolis e 3 vezes para E.cloacae. / The Sossego mine, located in Canaã dos Carajás - Pará, currently has a tailings pond with low concentration of copper. This is an environmental impact scenario, which can be decreased by bioremediation processes using the local microbiota. In this context, this work evaluates the copper biosorption capacity (Cu++) from bacterial strains isolated from environmental samples of the mine, as well as the best conditions for the process. Among the isolated strains of environmental samples (water and sediment), two of them were explored in this work regarding the resistance and capacity of copper biosorption, because they were abundant and tolerant to concentrations up to 400 mg.L-1 Cu++. These strains were identified as Enterobacter cloacae and Rhodococcus erythropolis by MALDI-TOF and 16S gene sequencing, and showed maximum copper biosorption capacities of approximately 122.0 mg.g-1 and 370.0 mg.g-1 for R. erythropolis and E. cloacae, respectively, in the better conditions studied, according to kinetic parameters of biosorption isotherms, through the Langmuir model. The best conditions for the copper biosorption process were 28 °C, 180 rpm and 0.1g.L-1 of biomass for both, and pH of 5 and 6, respectively, for R .erythropolis and E. cloacae. Bioaccumulation data were also observed, suggesting a mechanism of cellular efflux for both bacteria and presenting data of maximum copper uptake of 210 mg.g-1, for R. erythropolis and 20 mg.g-1, for E. cloacae. Different cultivation conditions were also evaluated to obtain a higher bacterial biomass, achieving a cellular yield increase of up to 7 times for R. erythropolis and 3 times for E. cloacae.
3

Biosortion Sites For Lead [pb (ii)] In Phanerochaete Chrysosporium

Kaya, Levent 01 September 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Biosorption is a phenomenon involving the mechanisms that basically mediate heavy metal tolerance of microorganisms as well as sequestration of heavy metals from environment. Different classes of microorganisms have different biosorption capacities, as a result of the differences in composition and types of functional groups found on cell surfaces. The present study was undertaken to identify the molecular mechanisms for lead [Pb(II)] biosorption in the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The methodology involved selective blocking of the functional groups known to participate in heavy metal biosorption and allowed us to determine their relative roles in Pb (II) biosorption in this organism. The relative concentrations of the Pb (II) sorbed from the aqueous environment and Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions released to the aqueous environment were measured and compared with both native and chemically-modified biomasses by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique was used to monitor and analyze the molecular-level changes in both native and chemically modified cell surfaces upon Pb (II) exposure. Interactions of Pb (II) with the biomass surface was determined by observing the changes in wavenumber and absorbance of NH stretching and Amide I bands arising from the amine groups and C=O stretching band arising from the carboxyl groups. The roles of phosphate groups and lipids were also investigated. Carboxyl groups seemed to be the most important functional groups for Pb (II) biosorption in P. chrysosporium, since the biosorption capacity dramatically decreased (by 92.8 %) in carboxyl groups-blocked biomass. Amine groups were found to play a secondary and minor role in Pb (II) biosorption, only a slight decrease (6 %) in Pb (II) biosorption was detected with amine groups-blocked biomass. Blocking of phosphate groups provided a small increase in biosorptive capacity and did not appear to have much significant role in biosorption. Upon chemical treatment with acetone to extract lipids of the cell surfaces, an increase of 20.3 % in the Pb (II) biosorptive capacity was determined. It was concluded that carbonyl and carboxyl groups of chitin and glucan are the major sites and ion exchange via these groups is the main mechanism for Pb (II) biosorption in P. chrysosporium.
4

Análise da adsorção de contaminantes orgânico e inorgânicos de amostras aquosas em diferentes biossorventes

Chiachia Pasta, Paula January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Gustavo Rocha de Castro / Resumo: A identificação e quantificação de diferentes contaminantes em águas naturais têm sido amplamente divulgadas em meios científicos. Nas duas últimas décadas, a remoção, em meio aquoso, de fármacos e seus metabólitos, também designados contaminantes emergentes, tem recebido destaque. O problema da existência destes compostos no ambiente, além da sua persistência, relaciona-se com a ocorrência de bactérias mais resistentes, sendo um grave risco para a saúde. Desta forma, os objetivos desse projeto foram caracterização das folhas da taboa, Typha angustifolia L. in natura, e aplicação desse biossorvente para remoção do antibiótico cloranfenicol em amostras aquosas. O material foi caracterizado por Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho (FTIR), Ponto de Carga Zero (PZC), Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva de raios X (EDX), análise elementar de nitrogênio e enxofre, além da medida de área superficial (Brunauer, Emmett, Teller - BET). Foram realizados experimentos em batelada em função do pH, tempo de contato e concentração do analito, cuja solução sobrenadante foi quantificada por Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Resultados referentes ao espectro de FTIR, bem como as análises de RMN, corroboraram ao identificar grupos químicos funcionais que promovem interação entre o biossorvente e analito. O pHPZC, calculado em torno de 5,75, foi considerado para escolher pH ideal do meio que favore... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The identification and quantification of different contaminants in natural waters have been widely disseminated in scientific journals. In the last two decades, removal from aqueous samples of drugs and their metabolites, also called emerging contaminants, have been highlighted. The problem of their existence in the environment, besides its persistence, is related to the occurrence of more resistant bacteria, being a serious risk to health. Thus, the objectives of this project were characterization of cattail leaves, Typha angustifolia L. in natura, and its application for the removal of the antibiotic chloramphenicol in aqueous samples. The material was characterized by Fourier Transform in the Infrared Region (FTIR), Point of Zero Charge (PZC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), elemental analysis of nitrogen and sulfur, as well as surface area measurements (Brunauer, Emmett, Teller-BET). Batch experiments were performed considering the influence of pH, contact time and analyte concentration, whose supernatant solution was quantified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Both results, regarding FTIR spectrum and NMR analysis, corroborated by identifying functional chemical groups that promote interaction between biosorbent and analyte. The pHPZC, estimated around 5.75, was considered to choose the ideal pH of the medium that favors adsorption. By means of SEM images, the material was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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