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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment for the requirements for a degree in Masters of Science. November 2017, Johannesburg. / Metal complexes have a wide range of applications in fields such as medicinal, industrial, environmental and so on. Determining the formations constants for metal complexes is thus essential to gather information on complexes. Conventional methods used to study complexation include spectroscopic methods and the use of voltammetric techniques such as direct current polarography using a mercury drop electrode. In this work alternative voltammetric methods to study complex formation are investigated. Bismuth complexes have important medicinal applications but not much is known about them because of the difficulties in studying them due to extensive bismuth hydrolysis and precipitation of hydrolysis products from very low pHs. The aim of this work was to investigate whether using low concentrations of bismuth (10-6 M) would prevent precipitation in nitrate solutions as predicted in literature. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) was the technique of choice because of its low detection limit, even though it has not been widely used in complex formation studies before. The study revealed that electrochemical response for Bi3+ was not fully reversible using this technique. Additionally, even at the low concentration precipitation was observed in the acidic region (investigated via pH titration) and was suspected to be the formation of BiONO3 species. The second alternative method investigated was the use of mercury film electrodes to replace the use of the toxic mercury drop electrodes which are being phased out worldwide. This work looked at using in situ and ex situ plated films, where the in situ measurements proved more reproducible. A number of challenges were encountered, such as film degradation, peak splitting and ligand adsorption to the film electrode. Nonetheless, formation constants of lead-glycine complexes were determined under different experimental conditions and these were found to be reasonably compared to the literature values. / LG2018

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Hui Cheng. / "September 1999." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Lawrence Tin-chi Law. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96). / acknowledgements --- p.iii / ABSTRACT --- p.iv / CONTENTS --- p.v / ABBREVIATION --- p.vii / Chapter CHAPTER I --- METALLATION OF 8-METHYLQUINOLINE / Chapter 1.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- A Brief Review of Metal-Alkyl Chemistry --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- General Considerations --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- 8-Methylquinoline as Ligand Precursor --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Metallations by Organolithium Compounds --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Other Methods for Metallations --- p.16 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Aim of the Present Work --- p.21 / Chapter 1.2 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.24 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Reactions of 8-Methylquinoline with Organolithium Reagents --- p.26 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Synthesis of Grignard Reagent --- p.35 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Attempted Metal-Halogen Exchange Reaction at Low Temperature --- p.39 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Metallation of 8-methylquinoline by Lithium Diisopropylamide --- p.40 / Chapter 1.3 --- EXPERIMENTAL FOR CHAPTER I --- p.43 / Chapter 1.4 --- REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER I --- p.53 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION AND STRUCTURE OF SOME MAIN GROUP 14 ALKYLS / Chapter 2.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.58 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- General Aspects of Group 14 Organometallic Compounds --- p.58 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Group 14 Organometallic Confounds --- p.59 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Subvalent Group 14 Metal Alkyls --- p.63 / Chapter 2.2 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Synthesis of Five Co-ordinated Tin (IV) Compound --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Molecular Structure of [Sn{8-(CHSiMe3)C9H6N}Ph2Cl] --- p.70 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Synthesis of Group 14 Subvalent Metal Complexes --- p.74 / Chapter 2.3 --- EXPERIMENTAL FOR CHAPTER II --- p.76 / Chapter 2.4 --- REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER II --- p.79 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF SOME GROUP 12 (ZINC AND CADMIUM) METAL DIALKYLS / Chapter 3.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.81 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- A General Aspect of Group 12 Organometallics --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.88 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Synthesis of Group 12 Organometallic Confounds --- p.88 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Molecular Structure of [Cd{8-(CHSiMe3)C9H6N}(tmeda)Cl] --- p.91 / Chapter 3.3 --- EXPERIMENTAL FOR CHAPTER III --- p.93 / Chapter 3.4 --- REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER III / APPENDIX I / Chapter 1. --- GENERAL PROCEDURES --- p.97 / Chapter 2. --- PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL MEASUREMENTS --- p.100 / APPENDIX II / LIST OF SELECTED 1H NMR SPECTRA --- p.101

by Wing-Fong Law. / Year shown on spine: 1997. / The "2" in the title is subscript. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-110). / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.i / CONTENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.viii / ABSTRACT --- p.x / Chapter I. --- STUDIES OF OCTASUBSTITUTED OXO(PHTHALOCYANINATO) TITANIUM(IV) COMPLEXES / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.2 / Chapter 2. --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION / Chapter 2.1. --- Preparation of Substituted Dicyanobenzenes and Dicyanonaphthalene --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2. --- Synthesis of Octasubstituted Oxo(phthalocyaninato)titanium(IV) and (Naphthalocyaninato)oxotitanium(IV) Complexes --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3. --- "Solvent Effects on the UV-Vis Absorption Spectra of (2,3,9,10,16, 17,23,24-Octaheptylphthalocyaninato)oxotitanium(IV)" --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4. --- Aggregation of Octasubstituted Oxo(phthalocyaninato)titanium(IV) and (Naphthalocyaninato)oxotitanium(IV) Complexes --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5. --- Electrochemical Studies of Octasubstituted Oxo(phthalocyaninato)- titanium(IV) and (Naphthalocyaninato)oxotitanium(IV) Complexes --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6. --- Reactions of Disubstituted Dicyanobenzenes with Zirconium(IV) Butoxide and Urea --- p.39 / Chapter 2.7. --- Conclusion --- p.40 / Chapter 3. --- EXPERIMENTAL SECTION / Chapter 3.1. --- Materials --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2. --- Physical Measurements --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3. --- "Preparation of l,2-Dicyano-4,5-diheptylbenzene" --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4. --- "Preparation of l,2-Dicyano-4,5-bis(pentyloxy)benzene" --- p.45 / Chapter 3.5. --- "Preparation of l,2-Dicyano-4,5-bis(alkoxymethyl)benzene" --- p.47 / Chapter 3.6. --- "Preparation of 3,6-Bis(butyloxy)-l,2-dicyanobenzene" --- p.49 / Chapter 3.7. --- "Preparation of 2,3-Dicyano-5,8-dihexylnaphthalene" --- p.50 / Chapter 3.8. --- Preparation of Octasubstituted Oxo(phthalocyaninato)titanium(IV) Complexes --- p.52 / Chapter 3.9. --- Preparation of Octasubstituted (Naphthalocyaninato)oxotitanium(IV) Complex --- p.57 / Chapter 3.10. --- Miscellaneous Syntheses --- p.58 / Chapter II. --- dioxotungsten(vi) complexes with n202 and n2s2 tetradentate ligands / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.62 / Chapter 2. --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION / Chapter 2.1. --- Preparation of Tetradentate Ligands --- p.75 / Chapter 2.2. --- Preparation of Dioxotungsten(VI) Complexes --- p.78 / Chapter 2.3. --- Electrochemical Studies of Dioxotungsten(VI) Complexes --- p.86 / Chapter 2.4. --- Oxo-transfer Properties of Dioxotungsten(VI) Complexes --- p.91 / Chapter 2.5. --- Conclusion --- p.94 / Chapter 3. --- EXPERIMENTAL SECTION / Chapter 3.1. --- Materials --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2. --- Physical Measurements --- p.95 / Chapter 3.3. --- Preparation of Tetradentate Ligands --- p.96 / Chapter 3.4. --- Preparation of Dioxotungsten(VI) Complexes --- p.100 / REFERENCES --- p.103 / APPENDIX A lH NMR spectra of Pc'TiOs --- p.111 / APPENDIX B 13C{1H} NMR spectra of octasubstituted PcTi compounds --- p.113 / APPENDIX C Mass spectra of octasubstituted PcTi and PcZr compounds --- p.118 / "APPENDIX D IR spectra of octasubstituted PcTi, NcTi and PcZr compounds" --- p.124 / APPENDIX E Cyclic voltammograms of octasubstituted PcTiOs and NcTiO --- p.131 / APPENDIX F Determination of aggregation number (n) and aggregation constant (K) --- p.136 / APPENDIX G 1H NMR spectra of dioxotungsten(VI) complexes --- p.138 / APPENDIX H 13C{1H} NMR spectra of dioxotungsten(VI) complexes --- p.140 / APPENDIX I LSI mass spectra of dioxotungsten(VI) complexes --- p.143 / APPENDIX J IR spectra of dioxotungsten(VI) complexes --- p.147 / APPENDIX K Crystallographic data of W02(L2-N202) (64) --- p.150 / APPENDIX L Kinetic data for the oxo-transfer reactions --- p.160

by Xiang Zhou. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references. / Acknowledgment --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Abbreviations --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv-v / Chapter Chapter I --- Synthesis of β-substituted porphyrins --- p.1 / Chapter I-1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter I-1-1 --- Activation of alkanes: the biomimetic approach --- p.2 / Chapter I-1-2 --- Electronic effects in β-substituted porphyrins --- p.5 / Chapter I-1-3 --- Synthetic approach to β-substituted porphyrins --- p.7 / Chapter I-2 --- Results and discussions --- p.14 / Chapter I-2-1 --- Bromination of porphyrins at β-positions --- p.14 / Chapter I-2-2 --- Synthesis of boronic acids --- p.17 / Chapter I-2-3 --- Synthesis of β-substituted porphyrins --- p.18 / Chapter I-2-4 --- Uv spectra --- p.25 / Chapter I-2-5 --- "Crystal structures of H2TPP(Ph)4, H2TPP(Me)4， H2TPP(Tol)8 and H2TMP(Ph)8" --- p.26 / Chapter I-3 --- Conclusion --- p.43 / Chapter I-4 --- Experimental section --- p.44 / Chapter I-5 --- References --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter II --- Synthesis and Properties of Diporphyrins --- p.63 / Chapter II-1 --- Introduction --- p.63 / Chapter II-1-1 --- Linear dimers --- p.64 / Chapter II-1-2 --- Cofacial porphyrins (or strati-bisporphyrins) --- p.68 / Chapter II-1-3 --- Synthetic approach --- p.71 / Chapter II-2 --- Results and discussions --- p.73 / Chapter II-2-1 --- Synthetic strategy --- p.73 / Chapter II-2-2 --- Synthesis of diporphyrins via condensation and Suzuki cross- coupling --- p.75 / Chapter II-2-3 --- Synthesis of diporphyrins via Suzuki cross-coupling and condensation --- p.75 / Chapter II-2-4 --- Metalation of diporphyrins --- p.78 / Chapter II-2-5 --- Spectroscopy --- p.81 / Chapter II-3 --- Conclusion --- p.89 / Chapter II-4 --- Experimental section --- p.90 / Chapter II-5 --- Reference --- p.100 / Chapter Chapter III --- Novel Rhodium Porphyrin Complexes: Intermolecular Activation of Arene Carbon-Hydrogen Bond and Formation of a Nitrile-Bridged Coordination Polymer --- p.104 / Chapter III-l --- Introduction --- p.104 / Chapter III-1-1 --- Activation of C-H bonds --- p.104 / Chapter III-1-2 --- Activation of C-H bond by rhodium porphyrin complexs --- p.106 / Chapter III-2 --- Results and discussions --- p.108 / Chapter III-2-1 --- Synthesis of rhodium porphyrin complexes --- p.108 / Chapter III-2-2 --- Proton NMR --- p.112 / Chapter III-2-3 --- UV and binding studies of rhodium porphyrin complexes --- p.115 / Chapter III-2-4 --- IR spectra --- p.117 / Chapter III-2-5 --- Crystal structures of rhodium porphyrin complexes --- p.118 / Chapter III-3 --- Conclusion --- p.148 / Chapter III-4 --- Experimental section --- p.149 / Chapter III-5 --- References --- p.154 / Appendix --- p.157 / NMR Spectra --- p.159

Lam Tai Wing. / Thesis submitted in: December 2001. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 75). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 中文摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Contents --- p.vi / List of Compounds Synthesized --- p.ix / List of Abbreviations --- p.x / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Development of Bis(l-azaallyl) Ligands in Organometall Chemistry of Group 4 Transition Metals --- p.ic / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- General aspects of group 4 transition metal complexes containing azallyl Ligands --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Objective --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- Results and Discussion --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Preparation and characterization of pyrazyl-linked bis(l-azaallyl) dilithium complexes --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Attempted preparation of pyrazyl-linked bis(l-azaallyl) dipotassium complex --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- "Molecular structures of pyrazyl-linked bis(l-azaallyl) dilithium complexes [{{C(H)(SiMe3)}2C4H2Nr2，3} {Li2(TMEDA)2}]2 (25) and [{{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2C4H2N2-2,3} {Li2(THF)2}]2 (27)……" --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3 --- Experimental Section --- p.20 / References / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- "Synthesis, Reactivity and Characterization of Transition Metal Complexes Containing 1-Azaallyl Ligands" / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2 --- Results and Discussion --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation and Characterization of [Zr{C(SiMe3)2C5H4N-2}2(CH3)Cl (36) and [Hf{C(SiMe3)2C5H4N-2}2(CH3)2] (37) --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Molecular Structure of [Zr{C(SiMe3)2C5H4N-2}2(CH3)Cl (36) and [Hf{C(SiMe3)2C5H4N-2}2(CH3)2] (37) --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Preparation and Characterization of [Zr{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)(C5H4N-2)}2(CH3)2] (41) and [Hf{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)(C5H4N-2)}2(CH3)2] (42) --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Molecular Structure of [Zr{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)(C5H4N-2)}2(CH3)2] (41) and [Hf{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)(C5H4N-2)}2(CH3)2] (42) --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- "Preparation and Characterization of [Zr{{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2C6H4-l,2}](CH3)Cl] (44) and [Hf{{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2C6H4-l,2}]Cl2] (45) and [Hf{{N(SiMe3) C(But)C(H)}2C6H4-l,2}](CH3)Cl](46)" --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- "Molecular Structures of [Zr{{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2C6H4-l ,2}] (CH3)C1] (44), [Hf{{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2C6H4-l,2}]Cl2] (45) and [Hf{{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2C6H4-l,2}](CH3)Cl] (46)" --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- "Attempted reaction of [Hf{ {N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2C6H4-l,2}]Cl2] with 2 equivalents of KMe" --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Preparation and Characterization of [Ni {N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H) (C5H4N-2)}2] (47) --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Molecular Structures of [Ni {N(SiMe2CH2)C(But)C(H)(C5H4N-2)}2] (47) --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3 --- Experimental Section --- p.57 / References --- p.67 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Catalytic Activity Studies of 1-Azaallyl Group 4 Metal Dimethyl Complexes in Ethylene Polymerization / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results and Discussion --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3 --- Experimental Section --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4 --- Attempted isolation of zwitterionic complexes of 1-azaallyl group4 complexes --- p.74 / References --- p.75 / APPENDIX I / Chapter A --- General Experimental Procedures and Physical Measurement --- p.76 / Chapter B --- X-ray Crystallography --- p.76 / APPENDIX II / Crystallographic Data and Refinement Parameters --- p.78

Wong, Hung Kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

本論文論述的內容主要包括兩部分：(i) 從兩種新型磷亞硫配位體CH₂(iPr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2) (111) 和 {CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P)}₂(C₄H₂N₂-2,3) (113) 衍生出的主族金屬、過渡金屬以及鑭系金屬複合物的合成及結構表徵，(ii) 從不同的磷亞胺配位體CH₂(PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂ (2) 和 CH₂(R₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2) [R = [superscript i]Pr (110a), R = Ph (110b)] 衍生出的第十四族複合物的合成、結構表徵以及其反應活性的研究。 / 第一章概述以磷亞胺和磷亞硫作為配位體而衍生的主族金屬、過渡金屬以及鑭系金屬復合物。接著描述了新穎的磷亞胺配位體 CH₂(R₂P=NSiMe₃)(C₉H₆N-2) [R = [superscript i]Pr (110a), R = Ph (110b)] 和磷亞硫配位體CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2) (111) 和 [{CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P)}₂C₄H₂N₂-2,3] (113) 的合成方法以及結構表徵。透過111與 [superscript n]BuLi和[superscript n]Bu₂Mg的去質子化反應生成了相應的鋰複合物[Li(Et₂O){CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S) (C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (114) 及鎂複合物[Mg{CH(iPr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (115)。化合物 114透過與K[superscript t]BuO的金屬轉移反應生成鉀複合物 [K{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}][subscript n] (116) 。透過113與 [superscript n]Bu₂Mg的去質子化反應生成了四聚體的鎂複合物[Mg{CH ([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)}₂C₄H₂N₂-2,3]₄ (118) 。 / 第二章描述由化合物 111 衍生出的第十三族及第十四族複合物的合成及結構表徵。透過111與一倍當量的AlMe₃的去質子化反應生成了相應的鋁複合物[AlMe₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] (153) 。此外，透過111與相應的第十四族二價金屬酰胺進行了脫胺反應生成了第十四族“開盒型的1,3-雙金屬化環丁烷 [M{μ²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ [M= Sn (155) 及 Pb (156)] 。透過鋰複合物114與兩倍當量的 AlCl₃或GaCl₃進行复分解反應生成了第十三族金屬氯複合物[MCl₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] [M = Al (157) 及 Ga (158)] 。透過鋰複合物114與兩倍當量的 GeCl₄或SnCl₄進行复分解反應則生成了四價鍺氯複合物及四價錫氯複合物 [MCl₃{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] [M = Ge (159) 及 Sn (160)] 。而四價硅氯複合物 [SiXCl{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] [X = H (165) 及 Cl (166)] 則由一倍當量的鋰複合物114與一倍當量的SiHCl₃ or SiCl₄生成出來。此外， “開盒型的1,3-雙鍺化環丁烷和“扭曲梯級型的1,3-雙鉛化環丁烷[M{μ²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ [M = Ge (163) 及 Pb (164)] 是透過複合物114 與半倍當量的GeCl₂1,4-二惡烷或PbCl₂進行复分解反應而生成的。鎂複合物[MgC(PPh₂=S)₂(THF)]₂與一倍當量的SnCl₄ 進行复分解反應並產生了一種新穎的錫化丙二烯 [Sn{C(PPh₂=S)₂}₂] (167) 。化合物153， 156-160， 163-167的結構透過了元素分析、核磁共振波譜和X-射綫單晶衍射表徵。 / 第三章描述由化合物 111 衍生出的過渡金屬及鑭系金屬複合物的合成和結構表徵。透過鋰複合物114與一倍當量的 ZrCl₄或CoCl₂進行复分解反應分別生成了雜配的四價鋯氯複合物 [ZrCl₂{CH(iPr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (201)及二價鈷氯複合物 [CoCl{CH(iPr₂P=S)₂(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (202) 。透過鉀複合物116與一倍當量的 MCl2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) 進行复分解反應分別生成了均配的二價錳、二價鈷及二價鐵複合物 [M{CH(iPr₂P=S)C₉H₆N-2}₂] [M = Mn (203) 、Fe (204) 及 Co (205)] 。透過鋰複合物116與一倍當量的CuCl進行复分解反應接著脫氯化氫反應生成了一種史無前例的一價銅簇 [Cu₈{C(iPr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₄] (207) 。透過鉀複合物116與一倍當量的LnI₂(THF)₂ (Ln = Eu, Yb) 進行复分解反應分別生成了二聚體均配的二價銪及二價鐿複合物 [Ln{CH(iPr₂P=S)C₉H₆N-2}₂]₂ [Ln = Eu (208) 及Yb (209)] 。化合物201-205，207-209的結構透過了元素分析、核磁共振波譜和X-射綫單晶衍射表徵。 / 第四章描述由化合物 110a及 110b 衍生出的第十四族複合物的合成、結構表徵以及由磷亞胺配位體 2 衍生出的第十四族複合物進行反應活性研究。化合物 110b 與一倍當量的GeCl₂1,4-二惡烷進行脫氯矽烷化的反應生成了二聚體雜配的二價鍺氯複合物 [GeCl{CH₂(Ph₂P=N)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (258) 。化合物 110b 與一倍當量的Pb{N(SiMe₃)₂}₂生成了"扭曲梯級型"的1,3-雙鉛化環丁烷[Pb{μ²-C(iPr₂P=NSiMe₃)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (259)。雙鍺亞乙烯 [(Me₃SiN=PPh₂)₂C=Ge→ Ge=C(PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂] (214) 與一倍當量的B(C₆F₅)₃.H₂O進行了1,2-加成反應並生成氫氧化二價鍺複合物 [HC(PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂Ge(OH)B(C₆F₅)₃] (260)。1,3-雙鉛化環丁烷[Pb{μ²-C(Ph₂P=N-SiMe₃)₂}]₂ (215) 與一倍當量的硫磺進行反應並生成硫族二價鉛複合物 [PbS{C(Ph₂P=N-SiMe₃)₂}]₂ (263)。化合物258-260，263的結構透過了元素分析、核磁共振波譜和X-射綫單晶衍射表徵。 / This thesis is focused in two parts: (i) the synthesis and characterization of main- group metal, transition metal and lanthanide metal complexes derived from 2-quinolyl-linked phosphoranosulfide CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2) (111) and 2,3-pyrazyl-linked bis(phosphoranosulfide) ligands {CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P)}₂(C₄H₂N₂-2,3) (113), (ii) the synthesis, characterization and reactivities of group 14 metal complexes derived from different phosphoranoimine ligands, CH₂(PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂ (2) and CH₂(R₂P=NSiMe₃)(C₉H₆N-2) [R = [superscript i]Pr (110a), R = Ph (110b)]. / Chapter 1 describes the general aspects of phosphoranoimines and phoshoranosulfides as ligands for main group metals, transition metals and lanthanide metals. The synthesis and structural characterization of novel 2-quinolyl-linked (iminophosphorano)methane CH₂(R₂P=NSiMe₃)(C₉H₆N-2) [R = [superscript i]Pr (110a), R = Ph (110b)] and (thiophosphorano)methane CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2) (111), and 2,3-pyrazyl-linked (thiophosphorano)methane {CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)}₂(C₄H₂N₂-2,3) (113) are described. Deprotonation of 111 with [superscript n]BuLi and [superscript n]Bu₂Mg afforded the corresponding 2-quinolyl-linked (thiophosphorano)methanide lithium complex [Li(Et₂O){CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (114) and magnesium complex [Mg{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S) (C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (115), respectively. Compound 114 underwent transmetallation with K[superscript t]BuO to give the potassium salt, [K{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}][subscript n] (116). Deprotonation of 113 with 1 equiv of [superscript n]Bu₂Mg afforded a tetrameric magnesium complex, [Mg{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)}₂C₄H₂N₂-2,3]₄ (118). / Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and structural characterization group 13 and 14 metal complexes derived from compound 111. Deprotonation of 111 with 1 equiv of AlMe₃ afforded the corresponding aluminium complex, [AlMe₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S) (C₉H₆N-2)}] (153). Furthermore, 2-quinoyl-linked thiophosphinoyl group 14 "open- box" 1,3-dimetallacyclobutane, [M{μ₂-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ [M= Sn (155) and Pb (156)] can be synthesized by deprotonation of 111 with the corresponding group 14 metal(II) amide. 2-Quinolyl-linked thiophosphinoyl group 13 metal complexes [MCl₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] [M = Al (157) and Ga(158)], can be prepared from the metathesis reaction of the lithium complex 114 with 2 equiv of AlCl₃ or GaCl₃. Metathesis reaction of the lithium complex 114 with 2 equiv of GeCl₄ and SnCl₄ afforded the Ge(IV) and Sn(IV) metal complexes, [MCl₃{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] [M = Ge (159), Sn (160)]. Si(IV) metal complexes [SiXCl{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] [X= H (165), Cl (166)] can also be prepared from 1 equiv of lithium complex 114 with 1 equiv of SiHCl₃ or SiCl₄. Furthermore, 2-quinoyl-linked thiophosphinoyl "open-box" 1,3-germacyclobutane and "twisted-step" 1,3-diplumbacyclobutane, [M{μ₂-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ [M = Ge (163), Pb (164)], are obtained from the metathesis reaction of 114 with GeCl₂1,4-dioxane and PbCl₂, respectively. Metathesis reaction of magnesium methanediide [MgC(PPh₂=S)₂(THF)]₂ (101) with one equiv of SnCl₄ afforded a novel 2-stannaallene [Sn{C(PPh₂=S)₂}₂] (167). The structures of compounds 153, 156-160, 163-167 have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. / Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and structural characterization of thiophosphinoyl transition metal and lanthanide metal complexes. Metathesis reaction between lithium complex 114 with one equiv of ZrCl₄ and 1 equiv of CoCl₂ afforded heteroleptic chlorozicronium(IV) and chlorocobalt(II) complexes, [ZrCl₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S) (C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (201) and [CoCl{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)₂(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (202), respectively. The reaction of potassium complex 116 with 1 equiv of MCl₂ (M = Mn, Co, Fe) afforded the corresponding homoleptic manganese(II), iron(II) and cobalt(II) complexes [M{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)C₉H₆N-2}₂] [M= Mn(203), Fe(204) and Co(205)], respectively. An unprecedented copper(I) cluster [Cu₈{C([sueprscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₄] (207) was prepared from the metathesis reaction of 116 with CuCl followed by dehydrochlorination. Salt metathesis reaction of potassium complex 116 with 1 equiv of LnI₂(THF)₂ (Ln = Yb, Eu) afforded the dimeric homoleptic ytterbium(II) and europium(II) complexes [Ln{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂]₂ [Ln= Yb(208), Eu(209)]. Compounds 201-205, 207- 209 have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. / Chapter 4 describes the synthesis, structural characterization of group 14 metal complexes derived from 2-quinolyl-linked (iminophosphorano)methane and the reactivities of group 14 metal complexes derived from CH₂(PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂ (2). Compound 110b reacts with 1 equiv of GeCl₂1,4-dioxane underwent dechlorosilylation to give a dimeric heteroleptic chlorogermanium(II) complex [GeCl{CH₂(Ph₂P=N) (C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (258). Compound 110a reacts with 1 equiv Pb{N(SiMe₃)₂}₂ afforded the "twisted-step" 1,3-diplumbacyclobutane, [Pb{μ²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=NSiMe₃)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (259). Treatment of bisgermavinylidene [(Me₃SiN=PPh₂)₂C=Ge→Ge=C (PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂] (214) with B(C₆F₅)₃.H₂O afforded 1,2-addition product, a germanium(II) hydroxide complex [HC(PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂Ge(OH)B(C₆F₅)₃] (260). Reaction of [Pb{μ²-C(Ph₂P=N-SiMe₃)₂]₂ (215) with elemental sulfur affords lead(II) chalcogenate complex [PbS{C(Ph₂P=N-SiMe₃)₂}]₂ (263). Compounds 258-260, 263 have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chan, Yuk Chi. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Tables of Contents --- p.ix / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstrac --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.vi / List of Compounds Synthesized --- p.xix / Abbreviations --- p.xxi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Group 1 and 2 Iminophosphinoyl and Thiophosphinoyl Metal Complexes / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- A General Review of Phosphoranoimine Ligands --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Synthesis of Phosphoranoimine --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Neutral Phosphoranoimine Ligands --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Anionic Ligands Derived From Phosphoranoimine --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- A General Review of Phosphoranosulfide Ligands --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Synthesis of Phosphoranosulfides --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- Neutral Phosphoransulfide Ligands --- p.12 / Chapter 1.1.8 --- Anionic Ligands Derived From Phosphoranosulfide --- p.15 / Chapter 1.1.9 --- A General Review of Group 1 and 2 Metal Complexes Containing Phosphoranosulfide Ligands --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives of this thesis --- p.23 / Chapter 1.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.26 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked (Iminophosphorano)methane --- p.26 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P=NSiMe₃)(C₉H₆N-2) (110a) --- p.27 / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Spectroscopic Properties of CH₂(Ph₂P=NSiMe₃)(C₉H₆N-2) (110b) --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinoly-linked (Thiophosphorano)methane --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Spectroscopic properties of CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2) (111) --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Molecular Structures of CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2) (111) --- p.30 / Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Synthesis of 2,3-Pyrazyl-linked Bis(thiophosphorano)methane --- p.31 / Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- Spectroscopic properties of {CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)}₂(C₄H₂N₂-2,3) (113) --- p.32 / Chapter 1.3.3.3 --- Molecular Structure of {CH₂([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)}₂(C₄H₂N₂-2,3) (113) --- p.33 / Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked Thiophosphinoyl Lithium Complex --- p.35 / Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [Li(Et₂O){CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S) (C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (114) --- p.35 / Chapter 1.3.4.3 --- Molecular Structure of [Li(Et₂O){CH(iPr₂P-S) (C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (114) --- p.36 / Chapter 1.3.5.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked Bis(thiophosphinoyl) Magnesium Complex --- p.38 / Chapter 1.3.5.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [Mg{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (115) --- p.38 / Chapter 1.3.5.3 --- Molecular Structure of [Mg{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (115) --- p.39 / Chapter 1.3.6.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked Thiophosphinoyl Potassium Complex --- p.41 / Chapter 1.3.6.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [K{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}][subscript n] (116) --- p.41 / Chapter 1.3.6.3 --- Molecular Structure of [K{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}][subscript n] (116) --- p.42 / Chapter 1.3.7.1 --- Synthesis of 2,3-pyrazyl-linked Bis(thiophosphinoyl) Magnesium Complex --- p.44 / Chapter 1.3.7.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [Mg{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)}₂(C₄H₂N₂-2,3)]₄ (118) --- p.45 / Chapter 1.3.7.3 --- Molecular Structures of [Mg{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)}₂(C₄H₂N₂-2,3)]₄ (118) --- p.45 / Chapter 1.4 --- Experimental Section for Chapter 1 --- p.49 / Chapter 1.5 --- References for Chapter 1 --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Thiophosphinoyl Group 13 and 14 Metal Complexes / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.66 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- A General Review of Group 13 Metal Complexes Containing Phosphoranosulfide Ligands --- p.65 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- A General Review of Group 14 Metal Complexes Containing Phosphoranosulfide Ligands --- p.71 / Chapter 2.2 --- Results and Discussion --- p.75 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked Thiophosphinoyl Aluminium Complex --- p.75 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [AlMe₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S) (C₉H₆N-2)}] (153) --- p.75 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Molecular Structures of [AlMe₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (153) --- p.76 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Synthesis of "Open-box" 2-Quinolyl-linked Thiophosphinoyl 1,3-distannacyclobutane and 1,3-diplumbacyclobutane --- p.78 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of "Open-box" [Sn{{471}²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (155) and [Pb{μ²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S) (C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (156) --- p.79 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Molecular Structure of "Open-box" [Sn{{471}²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (155) and [Pb{μ²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S) (C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (156) --- p.81 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked Thiophosphinoyl Group 13 Metal Complexes --- p.86 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [AlCl₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] (157) --- p.86 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Molecular Structures of [AlCl₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] (157) --- p.87 / Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [GaCl₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] (158) --- p.89 / Chapter 2.2.3.5 --- Molecular Structures of [GaCl2{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] (158) --- p.89 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked Thiophosphinoyl Group 14 Metal Complexes --- p.91 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [GeCl₃{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] (159) --- p.94 / Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- Molecular Structure of [GeCl₃{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] (159) --- p.95 / Chapter 2.2.4.4 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [SnCl₃{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] (160) --- p.96 / Chapter 2.2.4.5 --- Molecular Structure of [SnCl₃{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}] (160) --- p.97 / Chapter 2.2.4.6 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [Ge{{471}²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (163) --- p.99 / Chapter 2.2.4.7 --- Molecular Structure of [Ge{{471}²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (163) --- p.100 / Chapter 2.2.4.8 --- Spectroscopic Properties of "Twisted-step" [Pb{{471}²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (164) --- p.102 / Chapter 2.2.4.9 --- Molecular Structure of "Twisted-step" [Pb{{471}²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (164) --- p.103 / Chapter 2.2.4.10 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [SiHCl{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S) (C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (165) --- p.105 / Chapter 2.2.4.11 --- Molecular Structure of [SiHCl{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (165) --- p.106 / Chapter 2.2.4.12 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [SiCl₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}2] (166) --- p.107 / Chapter 2.2.4.13 --- Molecular Structure of [SiCl₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (166) --- p.108 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Synthesis of a Tin Analogue of Allene from Bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)magnesium methanediide --- p.110 / Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [Sn{C(PPh₂=S)₂}₂] (167) --- p.110 / Chapter 2.2.5.3 --- Molecular Structure of [Sn{C(PPh₂=S)₂}₂] (167) --- p.113 / Chapter 2.2.6.1 --- Synthesis of 1,3-diplumbacyclobutane from Bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)magnesium methanediide --- p.115 / Chapter 2.3 --- Experimental Section for Chapter 2 --- p.117 / Chapter 2.4 --- References for Chapter 2 --- p.128 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Thiophosphinoyl Transition Metal and Lanthanide Metal Complexes / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.133 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- A General Review of Transition Metal Complexes Containing Phosphoranosulfide Ligands --- p.133 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- A General Review of Organolanthanide Complexes --- p.139 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- A General Review of Lanthanide Metal Complexes Containing Phosphoranosulfide Ligands --- p.144 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results and Discussion --- p.147 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked Chloro(thiophosphorano) methanide Zirconium(IV) Complex --- p.147 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [ZrCl₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (201) --- p.147 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Molecular Structures of [ZrCl₂{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (201) --- p.148 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked Chloro(thiophosphorano) methanide Cobalt(II) Complex --- p.151 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [CoCl{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (202) --- p.151 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Molecular Structures of [CoCl{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P=S)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (201) --- p.152 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked (Thiophosphorano)methanide Late Transition Metal Complexes --- p.154 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [Mn{CH(iPr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (203) [Fe{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}2] (204) and [Co{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}2] (205) --- p.155 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Molecular Structure of [Mn{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (203) --- p.155 / Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Molecular Structure of [Fe{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂] (204) and [Co{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}2] (205) --- p.158 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Synthesis of a Novel 2-Quinolyl-linked (Thiophosphorano) methanediide Copper(I) Cluster --- p.161 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [Cu₈{C([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₄] (207) --- p.163 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Molecular Structure of [Cu₈{C([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₄] (207) . --- p.164 / Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked Bis(thiophosphorano)methanide Lanthanide(II) Complexes --- p.171 / Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [Yb{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂]₂ (208) --- p.172 / Chapter 3.2.5.3 --- Molecular Structure of [Yb{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂]₂ (208) . --- p.172 / Chapter 3.2.5.4 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [Eu{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂]₂ (209) --- p.175 / Chapter 3.2.5.5 --- Molecular Structure of [Eu{CH([superscript i]Pr₂P-S)(C₉H₆N-2)}₂]₂ (209).... --- p.175 / Chapter 3.3 --- Experimental Section for Chapter 3 --- p.178 / Chapter 3.4 --- References for Chapter 3 --- p.184 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Iminophosphinoyl Group 14 Metal Complexes / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.192 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- A General Review of Low-Valent Group 14 Metal Complexes bearing phosphoranoimine as the supporting ligands --- p.192 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- A General Review of Bisgermavinylidene and 1,3-dimetallacyclobutane --- p.196 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results and discussion --- p.206 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Synthesis of 2-Quinolyl-linked Chloro(iminophosphorano) methane Germanium(II) Complex --- p.206 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [GeCl{CH₂(Ph₂P=N)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (258) --- p.207 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- Molecular Structure of [GeCl{CH₂(Ph₂P=N)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (258) --- p.208 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Synthesis of "Twisted-step" 2-Quinolyl-linked (Iminophosphinoyl) 1,3-diplumbacyclobutane --- p.210 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [Pb{{471}²-C(iPr₂P=NSiMe₃)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (259) --- p.210 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Molecular Structure of [Pb{{471}²-C([superscript i]Pr₂P=NSiMe₃)(C₉H₆N-2)}]₂ (259) --- p.211 / Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Synthesis of Lewis acid stabilized Germanium(II) hydroxide from Bisgermavinylidene --- p.213 / Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [HC(PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂Ge(OH) B(C₆F₅)₃] (260) --- p.214 / Chapter 4.2.3.3 --- Molecular Structure of [HC(PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂Ge(OH)B(C₆F₅)₃] (260) --- p.215 / Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- Synthesis of Lead(II) Chalcogenate complex from 1,3-diplumbacyclobutane --- p.217 / Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- Spectroscopic Properties of [PbS{C(PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂}]₂ (263) --- p.218 / Chapter 4.2.4.3 --- Molecular structure of [PbS{C(PPh₂=NSiMe₃)₂}]₂ (263) --- p.219 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental Section for Chapter 4 --- p.222 / Chapter 4.4 --- References for Chapter 4 --- p.226 / Appendix I / Chapter A. --- General Procedures --- p.231 / Chapter B. --- Physical and Analytical Measurements --- p.231 / Chapter Appendix II / Chapter Table A.1. --- Selected Crystallographic Data for Compounds 111, 113-115 --- p.234 / Chapter Table A.2. --- Selected Crystallographic Data for Compounds 116, 118, 153 and 155 --- p.235 / Chapter Table A.3. --- Selected Crystallographic Data for Compounds 156-159 --- p.236 / Chapter Table A.4. --- Selected Crystallographic Data for Compounds 160, 163-165 --- p.237 / Chapter Table A.5. --- Selected Crystallographic Data for Compounds 166, 167, 201 and 202 --- p.238 / Chapter Table A.6. --- Selected Crystallographic Data for Compounds 203-205 and 207 --- p.239 / Chapter Table A.7. --- Selected Crystallographic Data for Compounds 208, 209, 258 and 259 --- p.240 / Chapter Table A.8. --- Selected Crystallographic Data for Compounds 260 and 263 --- p.241