Thesis (doctoral)--Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, 1983. / Abstract also in English. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis is missing page 16, no other copies of this thesis have the page. -Digitization Centre / Metasomatism was taken by Goldschmidt (1922) as being metamorphism involving introduction and removal of certain substances, with a corresponding change in the chemistry and mineralogy of the rock concerned. Using this definition, there is strong evidence of metasomatism having played an important role in the transformation of part of the Kamiskotia mafic intrusion from a norite to a greenschist facies rock. The importance of metasomatism has generally proved difficult to evaluate because of disagreement on a quantitative approach to the problem. Two of the approaches suggested in the literature have been employed to characterize the chemical changes accompanying metamorphism of the Kamiskotia complex; one assuming constant volume, the other assuming constant alumina. The latter approach, supported by most recent work in this area (Carmichael, 1970; Korzhinsky, 1964) is favoured. It defines a mobility series that agrees quite well with Korzhinsky's for all elements except iron. It is concluded that metamorphism, of the Kamiskotia norite has been accompanied by significant removal of potash, soda, iron and silica besides the addition of water and carbon dioxide. Reactions, constructed on the basis of mineral relationships observed in thin section combined with the calculated chemical changes are proposed. The source of the metasomatic fluids and the site of deposition of removed material is speculated upon. / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1963. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-141).

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1904. / The entire thesis text is included in file. Typescript. Illustrated by author. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed December 22, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 18).

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from PDF file main screen (viewed on Oct. 16, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

Mantle xenoliths allow us to investigate the geochemical and dynamic evolution of the mantle beneath the western margin of Antarctica and reconstruct a timeline of geologic events that are obscured on the surface. For this study, mantle xenoliths, brought to the surface by recent volcanism, were collected along a transect from the rift shoulder and into the rift basin in the western margin of the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS), thus providing a recent snapshot of the lithospheric mantle after major episodes of rifting. The second chapter of my thesis focuses on determining the age and persistence of the mantle within the rift. The rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) isotope system has proven to be an invaluable tracer of the tectonic history of the lithospheric mantle and can constrain the age of melt extraction and subsequent stabilization of the lithospheric mantle. This allowed us to track the age of the lithospheric mantle across this rifted margin. Os isotopes, combined with major element compositions, reveal widespread Paleoproterozoic (1.7-2.4 Ga) stabilization of the lithosphere and subsequent preservation, suggesting the lithosphere has dynamically thinned in response to rifting. Major element data allowed us to place temperature (T) constraints on the mantle and characterize the thermal history in the WARS. This study also revealed the oldest lithosphere ages recorded in Antarctica (3.3 Ga) and is the first to report ages that coincide with adjacent crustal ages, thus confirming the coupled relationship between the lithospheric mantle and continental crust. An integral factor controlling the composition of magmas generated at Earth’s surface is the composition of the SCLM. Magmas generated at depth must pass through it, and subsequently may take on geochemical signatures of the lithosphere, or may leave behind geochemical imprints of the migrating magma in the SCLM. Trace elements provide a means to investigate both the depletion and re-enrichment history of the SCLM. The third chapter of my thesis investigates the metasomatic overprinting of the Paleoproterozoic SCLM. Metasomatism, which is the chemical alteration of a rock by a migrating melt and/or fluid, leaves behind diagnostic signatures of the metasomatizing agent (e.g. subduction related fluids or carbonated melts). This can occur cryptically, where a melt percolates through the rock, changing the composition of the rock, but not the lithology. Modal metasomatism produces new mineral phases that are not typically expected in the rock. In xenoliths, trace elements enable us to decode geochemical signatures, and determine the sources of metasomatism. The WARS lithosphere has experienced varying degrees of re-enrichment, broadly characterized by low high field strength element (HFSE) abundances and rare earth element (REE) enrichments that correspond with carbonatite metasomatism. In addition, the presence of secondary hydrous phases (e.g. amphibole and phlogopite) imparted distinct geochemical signatures, revealing that the SCLM beneath the WARS was modified by reactive porous flow with an evolving metasomatic fluid/melt. Widespread Cenozoic rift-related volcanism (<20 Ma) is observed throughout the western margin of the East Antarctic Craton. It has been proposed that the Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in the region of our study site originated from a SCLM source that had been metasomatized during subduction along the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana, and subsequent extension in the WARS during the Late Cretaceous (~90 Ma). The fourth chapter of my thesis utilizes strontium (Sr), neodymium (Nd), and hafnium (Hf) isotopes to date depletion and refertilization events in the lithosphere, as well as understand the role of the SCLM in the formation of WARS volcanism. Together with lithologic features (e.g. presence of hydrous phase additions), Sr and Nd isotopic ratios in WARS xenoliths provide a geochemical link to the Cenozoic rift-related magmatism, and supports the SCLM’s role in the formation of diffuse alkaline magmatism throughout the region. Lu-Hf isotope model ages add a constraint on the timing of melt depletion, and establish a relationship between depleted and refertilized domains. Sr isotopes constrain a genetic link between the metasomatized Archean lithosphere sampled on the rift shoulder and the highly radiogenic character of the Ferrar flood basalts, and indicate long-term storage of subduction modified mantle domains in the SCLM. The Sm-Nd isotope system is variably overprinted by metasomatism throughout the WARS. The most highly metasomatized location produces a well-correlated isochron that indicates that the SCLM acquired its trace element metasomatic signature about 130 Ma ago, during the late stages of subduction along the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana.

Le cycle global du carbone est fortement lié au bilan entre l’enfouissement en profondeur du carbone dans les zones de subduction, et les émissions de CO2 dans l'atmosphère par dégazage volcanique et métamorphique. Dans la zone d’avant arc (75-100 km en profondeur), les réactions de volatilisation et la dissolution des carbonates induite par l'infiltration des fluides aqueux sont les processus à l'origine de la production de fluides de composition C-O-H. Le carbone initialement piégé sous forme minéral dans les roches peut donc être mobilisé et transporté par ces fluides vers le manteau ou la croûte lithosphérique. Des estimations récentes prévoient que, compte tenu de l'ensemble des processus qui ont lieu dans les zones de subduction (volatilisation, dissolution, mais aussi bien le magmatisme et la formation de diapirs de metasediments), presque la totalité du carbone enfoui serait mobilisé et transféré en phase fluide dans la croûte ou dans le manteau.La percolation de fluides COH à travers des roches de la plaque plongeante et du manteau n'est pas seulement critique pour le recyclage du carbone, mais elle joue aussi en rôle sur le contrôle de l'état d’oxydoréduction du manteau, sur la mobilisation des éléments non volatils, ainsi que sur la rhéologie de ces roches. Cependant, les connaissances sur l'évolution de ces fluides à hautes pressions sont très limitées. Cette étude est centrée sur la caractérisation pétrologique, géochimique et isotopique des échantillons naturels de roches métasomatiques carbonatées de l'unité en facies lawsonite-eclogite de la Corse Alpine (France). Ces roches métasomatiques se localisent sur plusieurs kilomètres le long des contacts lithosphériques majeurs hérités de la plaque océanique subductée, et peuvent révéler des informations importantes sur l'évolution des fluides COH en condition de haute pression pendant la subduction. Dans ce travail, il sera démontré que l'interaction des fluides COH avec des roches silicatées à hautes pressions (entre 2-2.3 GPa et 490-530 ° C) peut causer la dissolution des silicates et la précipitation de carbonates, processus défini comme carbonatation à haute pression. Une caractérisation pétrologique et géochimique détaillée des échantillons, couplée à une étude systématique des isotopes de l'oxygène, du carbone et du strontium-néodyme sera utilisée pour déduire la composition et l'origine multi-source des fluides impliqués. Les implications géochimiques des interactions fluide-roche seront quantifiées par des calculs de bilan de masse et de flux de fluides intégrés dans le temps. Cette étude met en évidence l'importance de la remonté des fluides COH le long des gradients en pression et température pour le stockage du carbone dans les zones de subduction. / The balance between the carbon input in subduction zone, mainly by carbonate mineral-bearing rock subduction, and the output of CO2 to the atmosphere by volcanic and metamorphic degassing is critical to the carbon cycle. At fore arc-subarc conditions (75-100 km), carbon is thought to be released from the subducting rocks by devolatilization reactions and by fluid-induced dissolution of carbonate minerals. All together, devolatilization, dissolution, coupled with other processes like decarbonation melting and diapirism, are thought to be responsible for the complete transfer of the subducted carbon into the crust and lithospheric mantle during subduction metamorphism. Carbon-bearing fluids will form after devolatilization and dissolution reactions. The percolation of these fluids through the slab- and mantle-forming rocks is not only critical to carbon cycling, but also for non-volatile element mass transfer, slab and mantle RedOx conditions, as well as slab- and mantle-rock rheology. The evolution of such fluids through interactions with rocks at high-pressure conditions is, however, poorly constrained. This study focuses on the petrological, geochemical and isotopic characteristic of carbonated-metasomatic rocks from the lawsonite-eclogite unit in Alpine Corsica (France). The study rocks are found along major, inherited lithospheric lithological boundaries of the subducted oceanic-to-transitional plate and can inform on the evolution of carbon-bearing high-pressure fluids during subduction. In this work, it will be demonstrated that the interaction of carbon-bearing fluids with slab lithologies can lead to high-pressure carbonation (modeled conditions: 2 to 2.3 GPa and 490-530°C), characterized by silicate dissolution and Ca-carbonate mineral precipitation. A detailed petrological and geochemical characterization of selected samples, coupled with oxygen, carbon and strontium, neodymium isotopic systematic will be used to infer composition and multi-source origin of the fluids involved. Geochemical fluid-rock interactions will be quantified by mass balance and time-integrated fluid fluxes estimations. This study highlights the importance of carbonate-bearing fluids decompressing along down-T paths, such as along slab-parallel lithological boundaries, for the sequestration of carbon in subduction zones. Moreover, rock-carbonation by fluid-rock interactions may have an important impact on the residence time of carbon and oxygen in subduction zones and lithospheric mantle reservoirs as well as carbonate isotopic signatures in subduction zones. Lastly, carbonation may modulate the emission of CO2 at volcanic arcs over geological time scales.

No description available.

No description available.