The access to clean water is one of the prerequisites for a modern, industrialized society. The amount of water withdrawn for human activities has risen exponentially during the last 100 years. This rise in water use is accompanied by the production of vast quantities of contaminated water. These wastewaters may be contaminated by substances ranging from heavy metals and organic compounds to nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous. The aggregate effect of combinations of water contaminants can be difficult to predict as different contaminant substances may interact, leading to additive, synergistic or antagonistic toxic effects in a receiving aquatic ecosystem. With increasing water quality legislation, the pressure to characterize and potentially treat contaminated waters increases. Suitable effect-based assessment methods may greatly reduce the costs of both the wastewater characterization process and the water treatment evaluation. The overall aim of this thesis was to show how a combination of ecotoxicity bioassays may be employed in water treatment method development for initial characterization, assessment of treatment requirements and finally treatment evaluation. The wastewaters characterized originated from different activities such as waste management, metal surfacing and explosives destruction. To fully assess the hazard of the waters sampled, a holistic approach using a combination of chemical tests and bioassays was taken. A combination of acute and chronic assays was used to determine mode-of-action effects and apical endpoints in the aquatic environment. The basic battery consisted of the acute Vibrio fischeri test, the chronic algae test using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and either the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna (for aqueous samples) or the meiobenthic crustacean Heterocypris incongruens (for whole-sediment/soil samples).  In addition to the basic test battery, the mode-of-action Salmonella typhimurium test was used to assess genotoxic effects. Results from the water hazard characterization show that ecotoxicological tests contribute to the evaluation of treatment methods for complex wastewaters by assessing the aggregate biological effect of water treatment. The tests may be used as a screening method to indicate where further treatment may be required, even when chemical measurements show a satisfactory reduction of known contaminants. The toxic effect exerted by the assessed waters did not always correlate with measured levels of contaminants or the chemical measures of bioavailability, e.g. leached fraction. The water treatment evaluation showed that the industrial by-product pine bark is an effective adsorbent for capturing metal contaminants from landfill leachates and stormwater. The pine bark column filter had higher zinc removal efficiency than the polonite filter and the combination filter column with pine bark/polonite. In conclusion, a pine bark filter is a suitable alternative to activated carbon for small-scale, decentralized treatment of wastewaters. Furthermore, the ecotoxicity tests were able to detect effects of unknown contaminants and provided unique characterization data, which complemented the information provided by the chemical analyses. / CLEAN / BIOREX

<p>In this study have I examined how treatment of girls with neuropsychological impairments is functioning? I have looked at the theories and methods of treatment on the base of the care program and how it is put into practice. In addition I have interviewed four girls who have undergone the treatment program.</p><p>To gain perspective on institutional care as a social phenomenon, I have tried to give a brief historical retrospect in which particular care for women are described. I am also affecting certain gender aspects of institutional care. I have also tried to make a brief account of current research on the treatment.</p><p>The study is a qualitative study in which I am apart from literature studies used participant observation in depth interviews as a method.</p><p>My results indicate that a well structured treatment with CBT approach can work well to achieve lasting behavioural changes in students.</p>

In this study have I examined how treatment of girls with neuropsychological impairments is functioning? I have looked at the theories and methods of treatment on the base of the care program and how it is put into practice. In addition I have interviewed four girls who have undergone the treatment program. To gain perspective on institutional care as a social phenomenon, I have tried to give a brief historical retrospect in which particular care for women are described. I am also affecting certain gender aspects of institutional care. I have also tried to make a brief account of current research on the treatment. The study is a qualitative study in which I am apart from literature studies used participant observation in depth interviews as a method. My results indicate that a well structured treatment with CBT approach can work well to achieve lasting behavioural changes in students.

This theme of thesis treats about the issue of prevention, emergence, healing and therapy of chronic wounds in nursing care at intensive care unit. The occurrence of this disease is unfortunately still rising and nowadays it is an actual theme which is a part of modern nursing. The target of this thesis was to find out the level of awareness of general nurses working at specialized departments about modern technologies of therapy and care of healing chronic wounds. One of the partial targets was to find out, how are the nurses educated in nursing care o chronic wounds. The next target was looking for the factors which can influence the nurses' position of knowledge about the treatment of chronic wounds. Quantitative research was based on anonymous questionnaire in three chosen hospitals of Central Bohemia region. There were 11 departments of acute intensive care. The sample of research was based on the answers of general nurses working at resuscitation department and acute intensive care department. There were distributed 220 questionnaires and were used 124. One of the result of research was, that the 56 (45%) of general nurses has good awareness in nursing care of chronic wounds and they were interested in future education in this issue. The major part of questioned 79 (64%) prefers following...

Subject of the thesis was focused on the utilization of EEG biofeedback for children with an Attention deficit disorder. The objective was to draw attention to one of the possible therapy methods for Attention deficit disorder and describe the EEG biofeedback in relation with it. The theoretical part addresses the attention disorders, their diagnostics, methods of treatment and the EEG biofeedback. The practical part describes use of the EEG biofeedback in work with children with the Attention deficit disorder through a qualitative research by means of in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interviews were handled from the viewpoint of a parent with a child having the attention disorder and from the view of a professional from a specialized institution. The results of the research on the examined cases show that this method of therapy may be effective not only in relation with the attention disorders, but it could also be used for other diagnosis.