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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Distinct spectrum of microRNA expression in forensically relevant body fluids and probabilistic discriminant approach / 法医学分野で扱われる体液試料中のmicroRNAの発現多様性と確率的識別法の検討

Fujimoto, Shuntaro 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第22378号 / 医科博第108号 / 新制||医科||7(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 萩原 正敏, 教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 松村 由美 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
2

MicroRNA Regulation of Neutrophil Function

Theodore G. Naef (5929721) 16 January 2019 (has links)
Neutrophils are significant players in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and function in infectious and autoimmune ailments. MicroRNAs regulate homeostasis in health and disease by fine tuning the expression of a network of genes through post transcriptional regulation. Many microRNAs are expressed in restricted tissues, regulated by physiological conditions such as stress and disease, and are emerging as mediators for intercellular communication that shape the tissue environments. MicroRNA profiles have been recently utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostic purposes for their stability in plasma and significant correlation with the disease progress. In addition, several microRNAs are in clinical trials for infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. As for neutrophil biology, microRNAs that regulate hematopoiesis and neutrophil development are well known. However, only a few microRNAs are characterized in the context of neutrophil migration and activation by loss of function studies either in mice or in cell culture. In this work we characterize the role of total microRNA regulation on neutrophil function through whole body and neutrophil specific Dicer1 knockout, and identify a microRNA regulator of neutrophil motility. MiR-722 downregulates the transcript level of rac2 through binding to a seed match in the rac2 3'UTR. Furthermore, miR-722 over-expressing larvae display improved outcomes in both sterile and bacterial systemic models. Finally, the miR-722 mimics protect zebrafish from lethal LPS challenge, providing evidence and mechanism of an anti-inflammatory microRNA that restrains detrimental systemic inflammation. We further investigated the role of the inflammatory response in an ischemia-reperfusion model. Extensive future work is required, especially in animal models, to illustrate the pivotal and complex microRNA mediated regulatory network in neutrophils, which is expected to provide the foundation for highly selective microRNA based therapy to control neutrophil behavior in infection and inflammatory disorders.
3

Role of <em>Fto</em> in the gene and microRNA expression of mouse adipose tissues in response to high-fat diet

Ronkainen, J. (Justiina) 25 October 2016 (has links)
Abstract Obesity is associated with greater risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene FTO are robustly associated with increased body mass index (BMI) in several age and ethnic groups. Studies with transgenic mice support a mechanistic role for FTO protein in energy metabolism. Fto-deficient mice are leaner than wild-type and overexpression of Fto leads to obese phenotype; however, the precise mechanism of FTO action in the control of BMI has remained obscure. Fto mRNA is most abundant in the brain while high expression is present also in white and brown adipose tissues (WAT and BAT, respectively). WAT stores the nutritional energy and BAT dissipates it to produce heat. Furthermore, these organs participate in a complex endocrine network affecting the whole body metabolism, which is more or less disrupted in obesity. In the browning process, white adipocytes begin to manifest brown characteristics. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNA molecules, which fine-tune post-transcriptionally the expression of genes important in several cellular processes, including WAT and BAT differentiation and browning of WAT. FTO has been shown to participate in these processes as well as miRNA regulation. The current study used a new Fto-deficient mouse model to reveal deeper insights into the role of Fto on genes affecting WAT and BAT differentiation and function, as well as WAT browning. Furthermore, the effects of Fto on the miRNA regulation in WAT browning and BAT were investigated. Our results supported a role for Fto in adipose tissue. Fto-deficient mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity and their WAT and BAT adipocytes did not become hypertrophic similar to wild-type on high-fat diet. Furthermore, the expression of genes affecting adipose tissue differentiation and function was altered in Fto-deficient WAT and BAT, especially after high-fat diet, and the changes may be mediated via altered miRNA expression. Fto-deficient WAT was more susceptible to browning, which in part contributed to the lean phenotype of these mice. Current study supported a role for Fto in whole body metabolism and adaptation of adipose tissue to changes in dietary environment. / Tiivistelmä Lihavuus on toistuvasti yhdistetty useisiin liitännäissairauksiin, kuten tyypin 2 diabetekseen ja metaboliseen oireyhtymään. FTO-geenissä (fat mass- and obesity-associated) esiintyvien yhden nukleotidin muutoksien (single nucleotide polymorphia, SNP) on useissa ikä- ja etnisissä ryhmissä raportoitu liittyvän korkeampaan painoindeksiin ihmisillä. Muuntogeenisillä hiirillä tehdyt tutkimukset tukevat FTO:n mekanistista roolia energia-aineenvaihdunnassa, sillä Fto-poistogeeniset hiiret ovat villityypin hiiriä laihempia ja sen yliekspressio johtaa ylipainoon. FTO:n tarkka rooli painon säätelyssä on kuitenkin vielä epäselvä. Fto:ta tuotetaan eniten aivoissa, mutta myös valkoisessa ja ruskeassa rasvassa. Valkoinen rasva varastoi ravinnosta saatavan energian ja ruskea hajottaa sitä lämmöntuotantoon. Näillä kudoksilla on lisäksi tärkeä rooli energia-aineenvaihdunnan monimutkaisessa verkostossa. Valkoisen rasvakudoksen ruskettumisprosessissa valkoiset rasvasolut alkavat muistuttaa ruskeita rasvasoluja. Mikro-RNA:t (miRNA) ovat pieniä RNA-juosteita, jotka hienosäätävät geenien ekspressiota transkription jälkeen ja vaikuttavat useisiin solun tärkeisiin tapahtumiin, myös valkoisen ja ruskean rasvasolun erilaistumiseen ja ruskettumiseen. FTO osallistuu näihin prosesseihin sekä miRNA-säätelyyn. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selventää Fto:n roolia valkoisen ja ruskean rasvakudoksen erilaistumisessa ja toiminnassa Fto-poistogeenisen hiirimallin avulla. Lisäksi selvitettiin Fto:n vaikutuksia valkoisen rasvan ruskettumiseen ja ruskean rasvan toimintaan osallistuvien miRNA:iden säätelyyn. Tulokset tukivat FTO:n roolia rasvakudoksessa. Fto-poistogeeniset hiiret eivät lihoneet rasvaisella ruokavaliolla eivätkä niiden rasvasolut varastoineet rasvaa yhtä paljon kuin villityypin hiirillä rasvaisen ruokavalion jälkeen. Lisäksi Fto-poistogeenisen rasvakudoksen erilaistumiseen ja toimintaan liittyvien geenien esiintyvyys muuttui erityisesti rasvaisella ruokavaliolla. Nämä muutokset voivat osittain selittyä muuttuneella miRNA-säätelyllä. Tulokset viittasivat siihen, että Fto-poistogeeninen valkoinen rasvakudos oli alttiimpaa ruskettumiselle, mikä osaltaan vaikutti Fto-poistogeenisten hiirten laihuuteen. Tutkimus tuki Fto-geenin roolia energia-aineenvaihdunnan säätelyssä sekä rasvakudoksen mukautumisessa ruokavalion muutoksiin.

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