The microwave absorption spectra of ortho pairs in low ortho concentration samples of solid hydrogen is studied theoretically and experimentally. A theory is developed for several line broadening mechanisms and a comparison made with experiment. Phonon induced lifetime effects are calculated to be less than 2 MHz in the temperature range T=1.2-4.2 K but have not yet been observed experimentally. Inhomogeneous broadening due to isolated ortho molecules and to isotopic mass defect impurities is observed and found to be consistent with theory. Several new lines in the out-of-plane pair configuration are reported which confirm the assignments made previously, whereas two new lines in the next nearest neighbor configuration support a reassignment of these transitions. Also, three excited state transitions which fix the position of the 10 P level are reported and compared with the theoretical predictions of Harris et al. (1977) and Luryi and Van Kranendonk (1979). / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

Within this educational endeavor instrumental development was explored through the investigation of microwave induce stable electromagnetic waves within a non-linear yttrium iron garnet ferromagnetic waveguide. The resulting magnetostatic surface waves were investigated as a possible method of rapid analytical evaluation of material composition. Initial analytical results indicate that the interaction seen between wave and material electric and magnetic fields will allow phase coherence recovery andanalysis leading to enhancement of analytical value. The ferromagnetic waveguide selected for this research was a high quality monocrystalline YIG (yttrium iron garnet) film. Magnetostatic spin waves (MSW) were produced within the YIG thin waveguide. Spin waves with desired character were used to analytically scan materials within the liquid and solid phase.

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Plasmas when coupled to the oxidation process of various fuels have been shown to influence the process positively by improving upon flameholding, reduction in ignition delay time, reduced pollutant emission, etc. Despite all this positive effects being known to the science community, the mechanisms through which the plasmas effects all these enhancements are poorly understood. This is often due to the absence of accurate experimental data to validate theoretical mechanisms and the availability of a myriad sources of plasmas having different chemistries. The goal of this thesis is to further narrow the knowledge gap in the understanding of plasma assisted combustion by using a nonthermal microwave plasma to investigate the mechanism through which it enhances the oxidation of several fuel/oxidant combinations. The enhancement metrics used in this studies are minimum ignition energy, flameholding and rotational temperature. A suite of noninvasive optical diagnostics techniques (camera for visual imaging, optical emission spectroscopy and cavity ringdown spectroscopy) are employed to probe the plasma assisted combustion flame and identify the species, obtain rotational temperatures, and identify pathways through which the microwave plasma enhances the combustion process. Initially, the effect of a microwave plasma on the ignition and flameholding of an ethylene/air mixture was investigated. Then, based on observations from that study and previous studies, a novel plasma assisted combustion platform was designed capable of discriminating between the various pathways through which the plasma enhances the combustion of a fuel/air mixture. Using the designed platform, a comparative study was carried out on the roles played by the plasma activated fuel vs. plasma activated oxidizer stream. The roles played by the plasma activated fuel or air molecules in the ignition of the fuel/air mixture was investigated. Data from this study led to the suggestion that there exist a minimum required plasma generated radical pool for ignition to occur with reactive oxygen and nitrogen playing a more important role in the ignition and flameholding effects. Ground state OH(X) number densities were also measured for the first time in the hybrid ignition zone of a plasma assisted combustion reactor using cavity ringdown spectroscopy.

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