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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Differential urbanisation and regional policy : the case of the Gauteng Functional Metropolitan Region / Johannes Ernst Drewes

Drewes, Johannes Ernst January 2000 (has links)
Streekontwikkelingsbeleid en differensiële verstedeliking is twee fundamentele temas binne die ruimtelike beplanningsveld. Streekontwikkelingsbeleid is veral sedert die Tweede Wêreldoorlog in Europa geïmplementeer, waar regerings besef het dat die vryemarksisteem nie noodwendig optimale ekonomiese groei op streekvlak verseker nie. Doelwitte Die primêre doelwit van hierdie studie is die integrering van effektiewe en volhoubare streekontwikkelingsbeleid met die konsep van differensiële verstedeliking, ten einde 'n effektiewe stedelike bestuursmeganisme daar te stel. Sekondêre doelwitte sluit in: * om die beginsels en doelwitte van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en streekontwikkelingsinstrumente te bepaal; * die analisering van Suid-Afrikaanse streekontwikkelingsbeleid in terme · van bogenoemde klassifikasie; * ondersoek na die teoretiese en praktiese toepassings van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel; * om die geldigheid van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel te bepaal in die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek; en * om relevante streekontwikkelingsbeleid te integreer met sosio-ekonomiese tendense in 'n stedelike sisteem, met spesifieke verwysing na die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek. Metodiek Die rasionaal vir die formulering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid word in Hoofstuk Twee beskryf. Regerings en ander streekowerhede formuleer streekontwikkelingsbeleid ten einde spesifieke doelstellings te behaal. Hierdie doelstellings verander met tyd en is gewoonlik streekspesifiek. Die relevante owerheid of instansie neem 'n besluit in terme van bogenoemde fundamentele benaderingswyses, waarna 'n keuse ten opsigte van spesifieke beleidsopsies en -instrumente geneem word. Hoofstuk Drie beskryf laasgenoemde beleidsinstrumente asook meer gedetailleerde beleidselemente soos wat dit op projekvlak geïmplementeer word. In Hoofstuk Vier word die geskiedkundige implementering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid in Suid-Afrika en spesifiek vir die Gauteng- en omliggende streek, ondersoek. Die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek het reeds 'n gevorderde vlak van stedelike ontwikkeling binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks bereik en was histories instrumenteel in die implementering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid. 'n Sentrale tema in hierdie studie, is die beginsel dat stedelike komplekse 'verouder' met tyd. Soos wat hierdie stedelike komplekse ontwikkel, kan verskillende migrasie- en ekonomiese produksiepatrone onderskei word in dieselfde areas, maar die patrone is georiënteer in verskillende rigtings en gebaseer op verskillende motiverings. Hierdie tendense word deur die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel in Hoofstuk Vyf aangespreek. Na die afskaffing van diskriminerende wetgewing, is die verwagting dat die bevolkingsgetalle van groter stedelike komplekse vir 'n aansienlike tydperk steeds sal toeneem. In Hoofstuk Ses word hierdie migrasieprosesse, asook veranderende produksiepatrone in die studiegebied ontleed, gebaseer op die resultate van die mees onlangse sosio-ekonomiese opnames. Bevindings Uit die studie blyk dit duidelik dat streekontwikkelingsbeleid steeds geïmplementeer word in reaksie op bepaalde ongelykhede in 'n streek. Laasgenoemde verwys gewoonlik na hoe vlakke van werkloosheid en kwynende ekonomiese sektore in sekere stede. Die voorstel in die studie is die vroegtydige formulering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid vir al die elemente binne die stedelike sisteem, gegewe die huidige ontwikkelingsvlak in terme van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel. Hiervolgens kan sentra met toenemende ekonomiese- en bevolkingsgroei vroegtydig geïdentifiseer en ontwikkeling bevorder word. Soortgelyk, kan plekke met kwynende ekonomieë en bevolkingsgetalle ondersteun word in die fase van stedelike groei. Die sosio-ekonomiese profiel van die studiegebied, naamlik die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek, het in die studie bewys dat dit 'n identifiseerbare ontwikkelings- of 'verouderingsroete' gevolg het sedert die 1960s. Dit is ook duidelik in die studie dat die effektiwiteit van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en die volhoubaarheid daarvan gewoonlik omgekeer eweredig is aanmekaar: soos volhoubaarheid toeneem, neem ekonomiese effektiwiteit af. Die voorgestelde integrering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en differensiële verstedeliking behoort hierdie negatiewe tendens ten opsigte van effektiwiteit en volhoubaarheid om te keer, ten einde toenemende volhoubaarheid en effektiwiteit te verseker in die stedelike ontwikkelingsproses. / PhD (Town and Regional Planning), Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001
2

Differential urbanisation and regional policy : the case of the Gauteng Functional Metropolitan Region / Johannes Ernst Drewes

Drewes, Johannes Ernst January 2000 (has links)
Streekontwikkelingsbeleid en differensiële verstedeliking is twee fundamentele temas binne die ruimtelike beplanningsveld. Streekontwikkelingsbeleid is veral sedert die Tweede Wêreldoorlog in Europa geïmplementeer, waar regerings besef het dat die vryemarksisteem nie noodwendig optimale ekonomiese groei op streekvlak verseker nie. Doelwitte Die primêre doelwit van hierdie studie is die integrering van effektiewe en volhoubare streekontwikkelingsbeleid met die konsep van differensiële verstedeliking, ten einde 'n effektiewe stedelike bestuursmeganisme daar te stel. Sekondêre doelwitte sluit in: * om die beginsels en doelwitte van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en streekontwikkelingsinstrumente te bepaal; * die analisering van Suid-Afrikaanse streekontwikkelingsbeleid in terme · van bogenoemde klassifikasie; * ondersoek na die teoretiese en praktiese toepassings van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel; * om die geldigheid van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel te bepaal in die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek; en * om relevante streekontwikkelingsbeleid te integreer met sosio-ekonomiese tendense in 'n stedelike sisteem, met spesifieke verwysing na die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek. Metodiek Die rasionaal vir die formulering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid word in Hoofstuk Twee beskryf. Regerings en ander streekowerhede formuleer streekontwikkelingsbeleid ten einde spesifieke doelstellings te behaal. Hierdie doelstellings verander met tyd en is gewoonlik streekspesifiek. Die relevante owerheid of instansie neem 'n besluit in terme van bogenoemde fundamentele benaderingswyses, waarna 'n keuse ten opsigte van spesifieke beleidsopsies en -instrumente geneem word. Hoofstuk Drie beskryf laasgenoemde beleidsinstrumente asook meer gedetailleerde beleidselemente soos wat dit op projekvlak geïmplementeer word. In Hoofstuk Vier word die geskiedkundige implementering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid in Suid-Afrika en spesifiek vir die Gauteng- en omliggende streek, ondersoek. Die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek het reeds 'n gevorderde vlak van stedelike ontwikkeling binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks bereik en was histories instrumenteel in die implementering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid. 'n Sentrale tema in hierdie studie, is die beginsel dat stedelike komplekse 'verouder' met tyd. Soos wat hierdie stedelike komplekse ontwikkel, kan verskillende migrasie- en ekonomiese produksiepatrone onderskei word in dieselfde areas, maar die patrone is georiënteer in verskillende rigtings en gebaseer op verskillende motiverings. Hierdie tendense word deur die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel in Hoofstuk Vyf aangespreek. Na die afskaffing van diskriminerende wetgewing, is die verwagting dat die bevolkingsgetalle van groter stedelike komplekse vir 'n aansienlike tydperk steeds sal toeneem. In Hoofstuk Ses word hierdie migrasieprosesse, asook veranderende produksiepatrone in die studiegebied ontleed, gebaseer op die resultate van die mees onlangse sosio-ekonomiese opnames. Bevindings Uit die studie blyk dit duidelik dat streekontwikkelingsbeleid steeds geïmplementeer word in reaksie op bepaalde ongelykhede in 'n streek. Laasgenoemde verwys gewoonlik na hoe vlakke van werkloosheid en kwynende ekonomiese sektore in sekere stede. Die voorstel in die studie is die vroegtydige formulering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid vir al die elemente binne die stedelike sisteem, gegewe die huidige ontwikkelingsvlak in terme van die differensiële verstedelikingsmodel. Hiervolgens kan sentra met toenemende ekonomiese- en bevolkingsgroei vroegtydig geïdentifiseer en ontwikkeling bevorder word. Soortgelyk, kan plekke met kwynende ekonomieë en bevolkingsgetalle ondersteun word in die fase van stedelike groei. Die sosio-ekonomiese profiel van die studiegebied, naamlik die Gauteng Funksionele Metropolitaanse Streek, het in die studie bewys dat dit 'n identifiseerbare ontwikkelings- of 'verouderingsroete' gevolg het sedert die 1960s. Dit is ook duidelik in die studie dat die effektiwiteit van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en die volhoubaarheid daarvan gewoonlik omgekeer eweredig is aanmekaar: soos volhoubaarheid toeneem, neem ekonomiese effektiwiteit af. Die voorgestelde integrering van streekontwikkelingsbeleid en differensiële verstedeliking behoort hierdie negatiewe tendens ten opsigte van effektiwiteit en volhoubaarheid om te keer, ten einde toenemende volhoubaarheid en effektiwiteit te verseker in die stedelike ontwikkelingsproses. / PhD (Town and Regional Planning), Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001
3

Migration patterns and survival of Busseola fusca larvae in maize plantings with different ratios of Bt and non-Bt seed / Jaco Marais

Marais, Jaco January 2014 (has links)
The high-dose/refuge strategy is used globally to manage insect resistance development in genetically modified crops with insecticidal properties (Bt crops). The “refuge in a bag” (RIB) strategy is also being considered for deployment against several pest species. Busseola fusca, the target pest of Bt maize in South Africa, evolved resistance to Cry1Ab proteins. The objective of this study was to determine whether migrating B. fusca larvae are effectively controlled using the RIB strategy. A field study with a single-gene event (Cry1Ab) and a “pyramid” event (Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2) was conducted in which the migration patterns of B. fusca larvae in plots with different seed mixture treatments were studied. The experiment consisted of five seed mixture ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% non-Bt seed and 100 % non-Bt seed as control). Natural infestation was augmented by artificial inoculation with neonate larvae into the central non-Bt maize plant of each plot. Rate of larval survival and migration, measured in terms of increase in number of plants per plot that exhibited borer damage was recorded at weekly intervals until flowering. A laboratory study was conducted to determine larval growth and survival when simulating migration between Bt and non-Bt maize plants. A feeding experiment in which larvae were reared on different types of maize (Bt and non-Bt) was conducted and larval survival and mass recorded after a 7-day feeding period. The incidence of damaged ears, stem damage and damaged internodes per stem were recorded and relationships between these variables determined by means of correlation analyses. A review was conducted in order to identify and discuss similarities and differences between the high-dose/refuge and seed mixture strategies. This was done to determine which strategy would be the most appropriate insect resistance management (IRM) strategy against B. fusca. The rate of survival and migration of B. fusca larvae was significantly higher in the plots with maize expressing Cry1Ab and control plots, than in plots with the pyramid Bt event. Older larvae exhibited improved growth and survival in the laboratory experiment when they were transferred from non-Bt to Bt plants. Positive correlations were found between early and late season damage, although some weaker than others. Plants of the “pyramid event” suffered less late-season damage than those of the single-gene event. Since the increase in number of damaged maize plants over time is associated with migration of older and larger larvae, the observed tendencies may indicate that the assumed high-dose does not kill larvae above a certain developmental stage. The high-dose refuge strategy seems to be the better option for delaying resistance development. / MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
4

Migration patterns and survival of Busseola fusca larvae in maize plantings with different ratios of Bt and non-Bt seed / Jaco Marais

Marais, Jaco January 2014 (has links)
The high-dose/refuge strategy is used globally to manage insect resistance development in genetically modified crops with insecticidal properties (Bt crops). The “refuge in a bag” (RIB) strategy is also being considered for deployment against several pest species. Busseola fusca, the target pest of Bt maize in South Africa, evolved resistance to Cry1Ab proteins. The objective of this study was to determine whether migrating B. fusca larvae are effectively controlled using the RIB strategy. A field study with a single-gene event (Cry1Ab) and a “pyramid” event (Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2) was conducted in which the migration patterns of B. fusca larvae in plots with different seed mixture treatments were studied. The experiment consisted of five seed mixture ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% non-Bt seed and 100 % non-Bt seed as control). Natural infestation was augmented by artificial inoculation with neonate larvae into the central non-Bt maize plant of each plot. Rate of larval survival and migration, measured in terms of increase in number of plants per plot that exhibited borer damage was recorded at weekly intervals until flowering. A laboratory study was conducted to determine larval growth and survival when simulating migration between Bt and non-Bt maize plants. A feeding experiment in which larvae were reared on different types of maize (Bt and non-Bt) was conducted and larval survival and mass recorded after a 7-day feeding period. The incidence of damaged ears, stem damage and damaged internodes per stem were recorded and relationships between these variables determined by means of correlation analyses. A review was conducted in order to identify and discuss similarities and differences between the high-dose/refuge and seed mixture strategies. This was done to determine which strategy would be the most appropriate insect resistance management (IRM) strategy against B. fusca. The rate of survival and migration of B. fusca larvae was significantly higher in the plots with maize expressing Cry1Ab and control plots, than in plots with the pyramid Bt event. Older larvae exhibited improved growth and survival in the laboratory experiment when they were transferred from non-Bt to Bt plants. Positive correlations were found between early and late season damage, although some weaker than others. Plants of the “pyramid event” suffered less late-season damage than those of the single-gene event. Since the increase in number of damaged maize plants over time is associated with migration of older and larger larvae, the observed tendencies may indicate that the assumed high-dose does not kill larvae above a certain developmental stage. The high-dose refuge strategy seems to be the better option for delaying resistance development. / MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

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