The presented thesis deals with lane merging at lane drops. The theory of traffic flow is briefly introduced and put into the perspective of lane merging. Forming of queues at lane drops, the capacity drop and traffic flow behaviour at lane merging is explained. A review of existing measures at lane drops at work zones and elsewhere is provided. Measurements of traffic flow from three different locations are presented. The locations are introduced, the methods used for analysis of the data are explained and the results are provided and discussed. The capacity drop is confirmed and the first proof of concept of the later introduced metering system is presented. The behaviour of the merging drivers was found to have a significant influence on the merging capacity during congestion. Further, an overview of existing applications of traffic light in traffic flow control is provided and ramp metering and mainstream metering is explained. The new metering system for lane drops is presented including several possible modifications and extensions. Finally, the proposed metering system is tested in microsimulation software Aimsun. The simulations further confirm the viability of such systems. It brings significant capacity improvements and consequently even greater improvements of delays and travel times due to shorter queues.

This dissertation addresses the possibility of using the 2+1 road arrangement in the Czech Republic. Given that there is no such 2+1 segment in the Czech Republic, it was necessary to find sections with similar characteristics, evaluate and measure the rate of accidents as well as sectional velocity. The accident rate was evaluated on 72 sections and based on this research the optimal length of 2+1 arrangement road sections was determined. Digital image analysis and license plate recognition was used to evaluate the sectional velocity. Eight selected sections was subjected to the additional sectional velocity measurement, which showed improvement in passenger vehicles travel time. Traffic model microsimulations were performed after the data analysis. 2+1 arrangement roads are suitable solution for increasing travel speeds on sections where building of four-lane road is not economically viable.

This thesis builds on previous work on an Institute of Roads FAST VUT dealing with modifications of road I/43 Brno – Svitavy. A conversion of the existing temporary three leg single lane roundabout to egg turbo roundabout with four legs, is proposed there, in accordance with local plan of Lipůvka. The intersection of road I/43 and II/379 can be characterized by large congestions in the morning peak hours during weekdays and afternoon peak hours on Saturday and Sunday. That is the reason for implementation of capacity assessment of designed turbo roundabout and comparison with current situation. Construction of fourth leg is motivated by the planned expansion of residential area and the development of industrial zone on the south-western outskirts of the village and rerouting of the county road II/379 out of built-up area as well. Road I/43 is an important thoroughfare north of Brno, so it is obvious effort to eliminate the bottlenecks on the route. The thesis also includes a theoretical introduction dealing with the design of turbo roundabouts abroad.