The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of different soil tillage and seeding rate on alfalfa root morphology. The field experiment was established in 3 variants of tillage: shallow cultivation (MK), loosening (HK) and conventional tillage (plough), all under two seeding rate (4 and 7 MGS). After autumn cut, root samples were collected in the depth of 25 cm. Lower seeding rate increased intensity of branching and number of lateral root per plant. Total mass of roots per hectar was higher in higher seeding rate variant. Ploughed variant provided higher intensity of branching and branching depth was the deepest of all variants. Loosed variant showed highest branch diameter out of all variants. Highest plant number per square meter was achieved in loosed variant but shallow cultivation showed highest plant survival rate of all variants. Tillage affected weed infestation by 33,6 %. Dominant weeds in ploughed variant were field pennycress and pale persicaria. Dominant weeds in loosed variant were redroot pigweed and cockspur, while in shallow tillage variant dominant weeds were represented by cleavers and common knotgrass. Results of experiment show that shallow cultivation and loosening have similar influence on plant density and root morphology as conventional tillage. Reduced seeding rates are possible, but due to problematic field emergence of alfalfa and higher weed infestation of thinner stands, higher seeding rates prove themselves as superior.

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The goal of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the weed infestination and to state differences in weed infestination in monoculture, Norfolk and different soil tillage technologies. The weed infestination was carried out on experimental plots of the Agricultural Research Institute in two periods during the spring crop emergence and in summer before the harvest. Weed species, their number and abundance were deteriminated on each of the experimental plots. To the representativeness of the research was ensured by selecting of eight samples from an area of 0.25 square meters. The monoculture spring barley was infested with the following weeds: Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Elytrigia repens. The monoculture winter wheat was infested with: Gallium aparine and Polygonum lapanthifolium. The most abundant species were occured Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Elytrigia repens in clover and beet in crop rotation Norfolk. The technology occurred species Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album and Anagalis arvensis in minimizing peas and canola. The weeds were also presented in smaller quantities in soil tillage technology. The winter wheat and spring barley were infested with: Lamium amplexicaule, Gallium aparine and Polygonum lapanthifolium in the both technologies.

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