Research report for the partial fulfillment of the Masters of Management in Public Policy Degree, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management School of Governance , September 2016 / This research investigated the potential of the proposed national minimum wage on income inequality and employment. According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the purpose of minimum wages is to ensure wages are able to cover the basic needs of workers and their families, taking into account relevant economic factors (Gilad, 2016). In South Africa, a national minimum wage is also being explored as a tool to reduce inequality and transform the inherited apartheid wage structure (Gilad, 2016). The study used a qualitative research methodology and deduced based on the data obtained that indeed South Africa can introduce the national minimum wage but needs to be cautious of the level at which it sets the minima. Secondly the research deduced that minimum wage will have positive effects on income inequality and minimal effects on employment provided that it is set at a right level. / MT 2017

Práce hledá odpověď na otázku, zda je účelná regionální diferenciace minimální mzdy v ČR na úroveň krajů. Shrnuji teoretické a praktické poznatky o minimální mzdě, historii jejího zavádění ve světě a vývoj v ČR. Provedla jsem analýzu průměrných mezd dle krajů ČR a odvětví OKEČ. Potvrdila se hypotéza, že rozdíly v průměrných mzdách dle krajů jsou způsobeny spíše rozdíly ve mzdách dle odvětví než rozdíly ve mzdách z důvodu umístění práce v určitém kraji.

Universidade Federal do Cearà / Este estudo analisa os efeitos da evoluÃÃo do salÃrio mÃnimo no Brasil sobre a distribuiÃÃo de renda entre categorias de trabalhadores, bem como o fluxo de trabalhadores, entre faixas de rendas demarcadas por um e dois salÃrios mÃnimos, em conseqÃÃncia do aumento do salÃrio mÃnimo verificado no perÃodo de 1995 a 2003. Os trabalhadores foram agrupados em diversas categorias de modo a melhorar a especificidade da anÃlise. Foram utilizados dados das PNADs (Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra por DomicÃlio) de 1995 e 2003, aplicando-se uma metodologia nÃo-paramÃtrica, com o uso do estimador de Kernel para estimaÃÃo das densidades dos rendimentos dos trabalhadores. Os resultados sÃo eminentemente visuais e qualitativos e mostram que algumas categorias tiveram aumentos significativos na proporÃÃo de trabalhadores com renda igual ou menor que um salÃrio mÃnimo. VÃrias categorias experimentaram um forte fluxo de trabalhadores com renda maior que dois salÃrios mÃnimos em direÃÃo a rendas entre um e dois salÃrios mÃnimos e rendas menores que um salÃrio mÃnimo, evidenciando uma piora na distribuiÃÃo da renda entre categorias de trabalhadores. / This study analyzes the effect of the minimum wage trend in Brazil on labor income the distribution, as well as the flow of workers, between bands of labor income demarcated by one and two minimum wages, in consequence of the increase in minimum wage verified in the period 1995 the 2003. Workers were grouped in different categories, in order to improve detailing in the analysis. The PNADs (National Research of Sample for Domicile) data for the 1995 - 2003 series were used, applying a not-parametric methodology, with the use of estimator Kernel, to estimate the densities of workersâ income. The results are visual and qualitative and show that some categories had significant changes in the ratio of workers with lesser or equal than a minimum wage and others experienced a strong flow of workers with bigger than two minimum wages in direction to incomes between one and two minimum wages and lesser incomes that a minimum wage.

Wong, Pui Hang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-61). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Characterizing Illegal Immigrants --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Job Displacement --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- Minimum Wage Unemployment --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Basic Model --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Effect of Illegal Immigration --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Solow Model --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Decentralized Ramsey Model --- p.21 / Chapter 3 --- Frictional Unemployment --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Basic Model --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- The Economy with Illegal Migrants --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2 --- Productivity Effect --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Comparative Statics --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Unemployment --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3 --- Exploitation Effect --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- A Simulation Example --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4 --- Immigration Controls --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Workplace Sanction --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Deportation & Border Patrol --- p.53 / Chapter 4 --- Conclusion --- p.56

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / El documento digital no refiere asesor / Describe las Floraciones Algales Nocivas (FAN) o Mareas Rojas, que son decoloraciones del agua visible a simple vista debido a la proliferación de uno o más microorganismos planctónicos como las microalgas, estas pueden alcanzar niveles altos y producir efectos adversos a la salud humana, como también, causar daños a otros organismos marinos cercanos a la costa. Por tal motivo, existió el interés de aislar, identificar y hacer un estudio filogenético de la especie Prorocentrum minimum encontrada en la Bahía del Callao- Perú. Se realizaron varias tomas de muestras de agua de mar para su posterior identificación morfológica, se les efectuó la técnica de purificación de la microalga, y a su vez, se adquirió un estándar de Prorocentrum minimum del Instituto Provasoli- Guillard National Center for Culture of Marine Phytoplankton (CCMP), USA. Se realizó la curva de crecimiento para la concentración de la densidad microalgal, posteriormente se efectuó la extracción de ADN y la filogenia molecular a partir de las secuencias de las subunidades del ribosoma LSU rRNA de la especie Prorocentrum minimum. Se identificó P. minimum y P gracile, que fueron especies epibentónicos cercanas por ser más recientes evolutivamente. Para la confirmación de la presencia ausencia de alguna biotoxina marina en el cultivo de Prorocentrun minimum, se estableció un análisis cuantitativo de la dosis respuesta del animal en el bioensayo en ratón. Se logró obtener la purificación de cultivo de Prorocentrum minimum y estandarizar el protocolo de trabajo, se confirmó la filogenia de la especie de microalgas. No se logró obtener la toxina DSP del cultivo de la microalga. / Tesis

In this thesis, we will discuss two separate topics. First, we find a critical knot for an knot energy function. A knot is a closed curve or polygon in three space. It is possible to for a computer to simulate the flow of a knot to its minimum energy conformation. There is no guarantee, however, that a true minimizer exists near the computer's alleged minimizer. We take advantage of both the symmetry of the minimizer and the symmetry invariance of the energy function to prove that there is a critical point of the energy function near the computer's minimizer. Second, we will discuss how to determine the number of complementary domains of arrangements of algebraic curves in 2-space and ellipsoids in 3-space. In each of these situations, we supply equations that provide an upper bound for the number of complementary domains. These upper bounds are applicable even when the exact intersections between the curves or surfaces are unknown.

No description available.

<p>The detention of juvenile offenders is not encouraged by both the Constitution and a number of international instruments. This right is entrenched in the South African Constitution (section 28(1)(g) ) which provides that every child has the right not to be detained except as a measure of last resort in which case, in addition to the rights a child enjoys under section s12 and 35, the child may be detained only for the shortest appropriate period of time. This Constitutional provision, in clear terms, views the incarceration of juvenile offenders in a serious light as it provides that the detention of juvenile offenders should be a measure of last resort. One of the important international instruments, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, (Article 37(b) provides that children may be arrested, detained or imprisoned &ldquo / only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest possible period of time&rdquo / . This thesis examines the impact of the Constitution and some international instruments on the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 105 of 1997 with regard to juvenile offenders. It also sets out the current legal position in South Africa with regard to sentencing of juvenile offenders.</p>

No description available.

High intensity Activated cross WalK (HAWK), as an innovative pedestrian-activated beacon, has become a hot topic and was introduced in 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). According to the 2009 MUTCD?HAWK should be installed at least 100 feet from a stop-controlled intersection. This thesis first evaluates the distance between HAWK and stop-controlled intersection recommended by 2009 MUTCD. On the basis of the knowledge of HAWK operation, this thesis applies the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to model the pedestrian delay at an HAWK location. The HAWK pedestrian delay model includes the major street arrival rate, minor street arrival rate, pedestrian arrival rate and the distance between HAWK and intersection. Four different functional forms are investigated in order to select an appropriate one that could more accurately model pedestrian delay. The minimum green time for vehicles, as an important variable in the HAWK pedestrian delay model and a peculiar element in HAWK operations, is also evaluated with VISSIM simulation based on different vehicle and pedestrian volume combinations. The impact of the HAWK on pedestrian delay is simulated by comparing pedestrian delay in scenarios with and without HAWK. The results indicate that the minimum distance between HAWK and stop-controlled intersection recommended in MUTCD may be inadequate for high demand situations. More distance from HAWK to stop-controlled intersection needs to be considered in order to avoid vehicle spillback to the upstream intersection. Based upon the results of training and validating datasets, it can be indicated that the HAWK pedestrian delay model developed in this study is capable of effectively evaluating the pedestrian delay with a satisfactory accuracy. The study also identifies that a minimum green time for vehicles should be considered in order to reduce the vehicular delay and different minimum green times be provide for vehicles based on different pedestrian volume and vehicle volume combinations. A model of minimum green time for vehicles is then derived from HAWK pedestrian delay model. Finally, the study results indicate that a HAWK installation may increase pedestrian delay for the stop-controlled intersection scenario when vehicle demand is low.