Maîtrise (M.E.L.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. / Document élecronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Institut für Deutsche Sprache und Literatur I--Frankfurt am Main--Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, [1990]. / Bibliogr. p. 231-246.

Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous proposons une solution au problème de l'estimation du mouvement 3D d'objets dont la surface est réfléchissante, lequel est très complexe quand leurs caractéristiques géométriques à elles seules ne permettent pas de définir des indices caractéristiques d'un mouvement. Nous avons focalisé notre étude sur le cas particulier de la sphère, dont la parfaite symétrie complique au maximum le problème d'estimation du mouvement.En effet, lorsqu'une sphère est affectée d'un mouvement de rotation pure autour d'un de ses axes, ses contours extérieurs apparaissent statiques. Ces derniersn'apportent donc pas d'information utilisable par le système pour estimer le mouvement. Nous proposons donc une approche se basant sur la texture dans un schéma de mise en correspondance 3D/2D modifié. Ici, cette information est exploitée différemment si elle provient d'une composante spéculaire ou diffuse.Enfin, nous démontrons que la propriété réfléchissante de la surface n'est plus considérée comme un obstacle mais que au contraire, cette propriété procure une information supplémentaire sur le mouvement recherché. / Recovering 3D motion of reflective objects in image sequences is still a cumbersome problem for computer vision. One common approach is to track geometric features of the object such as contours and edges since they are rather insensitive to light reflections. However, such basic features fail to recover the actual 3D motion in some cases. For example, the external contour of a sphere rotating about one of its axes remains static in the image. In thisthesis, we propose a new approach to 3D motion recovery of a reflective sphere visible in an image sequence.Instead of tracking only geometric features, our technique makes use of texture information in a slightly modified image alignment method. Unlike in classical image alignment methods, texture information is processed differently whether it comes from a diffuse or a specular light component.Using this technique, we show that motion estimation is not only possible when dealing with reflective objects, but also that specular components can offer information about the 3D motion. Finally, we present some results obtained from the analysis of image sequences.

Audio description is considered a relatively new research field, and in South Africa it is not yet being used extensively to make visual channels accessible to blind audiences. Therefore research in this field is necessary. The literature review of this study shows that very little empirical research has been done where real audiences were tested. This study set out to test the impact of audio described film on the transportation, identification and comprehension of real audiences. The focus was on mise-en-shot elements specifically and the impact they have on the transportation, identification and comprehension of audiences. A thorough analysis of the two scenes and their audio descriptions showed that in the audio description the emphasis tends to be on the visual elements and not on the way these elements are presented (which forms part of mise-en-shot elements). The way the film is showed to the audience contributes to the film‟s meaning and the director often shows the film to the audience in a specific way to reach a certain effect or feeling in the film. If these mise-en-shot elements are not presented in the audio description of the film it, the blind audience cannot be expected to experience an equivalent effect to that of the sighted audience. In order to test the impact of mise-en-shot elements a methodology based on Bortolussi and Dixon‟s (2010) Psyconarratology was used. Immersion and transportation studies (Green and Brock, 2000 and Tal-Or & Cohen, 2010) were used to develop an experiment for the study. Two groups of respondents were tested by exposing one group to all the available channels of the film and another to only the audio description and soundtrack. The initial hypothesis of this study was that the audience exposed to the audio description and soundtrack of the film would experience less transportation, identification and comprehension due to the loss of mise-en-shot elements in the film. By using T-tests and qualitative comparisons of the responses it was found that the lack of mise-en-shot elements in the film had no statistically significant impact on the transportation of the audience. Furthermore it was found that the lack of mise-en-shot elements has an impact on the identification of the audience. The group that had access to all the channels were more able to identify with the characters. In terms of comprehension it was discovered that there were bigger differences between the two groups in the scenes were the director relied on the visual elements of the film. Thus there are opportunities for further research pertaining to the identification of the audience. Furthermore it is recommended that further research be done to include other film genres as well as alternative ways of doing audio description. South Africa as well as other countries can gain tremendously from the use of audio description to make visual channels accessible to blind audiences. To reach such a goal further research is needed in the field, not only to master the art of audio describing but to also create awareness for this aid. / Thesis (MA (Language Practice))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

Audio description is considered a relatively new research field, and in South Africa it is not yet being used extensively to make visual channels accessible to blind audiences. Therefore research in this field is necessary. The literature review of this study shows that very little empirical research has been done where real audiences were tested. This study set out to test the impact of audio described film on the transportation, identification and comprehension of real audiences. The focus was on mise-en-shot elements specifically and the impact they have on the transportation, identification and comprehension of audiences. A thorough analysis of the two scenes and their audio descriptions showed that in the audio description the emphasis tends to be on the visual elements and not on the way these elements are presented (which forms part of mise-en-shot elements). The way the film is showed to the audience contributes to the film‟s meaning and the director often shows the film to the audience in a specific way to reach a certain effect or feeling in the film. If these mise-en-shot elements are not presented in the audio description of the film it, the blind audience cannot be expected to experience an equivalent effect to that of the sighted audience. In order to test the impact of mise-en-shot elements a methodology based on Bortolussi and Dixon‟s (2010) Psyconarratology was used. Immersion and transportation studies (Green and Brock, 2000 and Tal-Or & Cohen, 2010) were used to develop an experiment for the study. Two groups of respondents were tested by exposing one group to all the available channels of the film and another to only the audio description and soundtrack. The initial hypothesis of this study was that the audience exposed to the audio description and soundtrack of the film would experience less transportation, identification and comprehension due to the loss of mise-en-shot elements in the film. By using T-tests and qualitative comparisons of the responses it was found that the lack of mise-en-shot elements in the film had no statistically significant impact on the transportation of the audience. Furthermore it was found that the lack of mise-en-shot elements has an impact on the identification of the audience. The group that had access to all the channels were more able to identify with the characters. In terms of comprehension it was discovered that there were bigger differences between the two groups in the scenes were the director relied on the visual elements of the film. Thus there are opportunities for further research pertaining to the identification of the audience. Furthermore it is recommended that further research be done to include other film genres as well as alternative ways of doing audio description. South Africa as well as other countries can gain tremendously from the use of audio description to make visual channels accessible to blind audiences. To reach such a goal further research is needed in the field, not only to master the art of audio describing but to also create awareness for this aid. / Thesis (MA (Language Practice))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

The evidence found through comparing and contrasting staging manuals strongly suggests that Massenet might have been involved in the staging of his operas. Several important differences, which include the implications of the use of a chair versus a bed in the final scene, are presented through a comparison of the final duet of Massenet's Opera Thaïs in a restaging from the livret de mise en scène F-Pbh T 8 (1) with the Metropolitan Opera's 2008 production. In addition, a probable date between the premiere in 1894 and the revision in 1898 for the livret de mise en scène F-Pbh T 8 (1) is deliberated. Three staging manuals for Thaïs are examined, which were found to contain the same information, and these findings are contrasted with four staging materials for Massenet's opera Manon and several other staging materials for works by various composers.

La présente thèse propose d’aborder l’oeuvre perecquienne sous le prisme de la mise en abyme, procédé a priori éculé de la littérature du XXe siècle, dont l’efficacité narrative semble toutefois avoir séduit un écrivain préoccupé à la fois à fonder son écriture dans un système et à entretenir le plaisir illusoire de la fiction. En raison de l’aporie d’une apparition pure du procédé, le champ d’étude est élargi aux mouvements plus amples qu’il implique : l’inclusion et la répétition. Ces deux mouvements, qui stimulent une tension entre le tout et ses parties, peuvent également servir à décrire le geste d’écriture de Perec, profondément animé par une recherche d’adhésion au monde. Un horizon narratif spécifique se profile, complété de l’imaginaire du procédé en soi. D’une part, la mise en abyme est considérée dans sa proximité avec la dimension métatextuelle des récits, aux effets souvent métaleptiques. D’autre part, par la figurabilité du procédé, lui permettant d’agir comme sujet et objet d’une réflexion, l’écriture perecquienne est appréhendée dans sa plasticité. Enfin, cet horizon narratif est confronté à l’idée que Perec formule autour d’un possible « narratème », une unité narrative minimale qui contiendrait en germe un univers de fiction. L’effet local de la mise en abyme s’ouvre à la dynamique générale des récits, entre condensation et extension. Des seuils narratifs ou textuels émergent où se négocie l’inscription de l’auteur dans ses récits : raconter et se raconter. Outre le corpus perecquien, la pertinence de cet élargissement de la mise en abyme est vérifiée au sein des oeuvres des écrivains francophones luxembourgeois : Jean Portante et Jean Sorrente. / This PHD thesis approaches Perec’s work through the prism of the mise en abyme, an a priori overused process of 20th century literature, whose narrative efficiency seems nevertheless to have attracted a writer set on basing his writing in a system and maintaining the illusory pleasure of fiction. Due to the aporia of a pure appearance of the process, the area of the study is broadened to the more wide et #8208;ranging movements it implies: inclusion and repetition. These two movements, which initiate a tension between the whole and its parts, can also be used to describe Perec’s gesture of writing, animated by the wish to be part of the world. A specific narrative horizon emerges. On the one hand, the mise en abyme is considered in its closeness to the metatextual dimension of the narratives, whose effects are often metaleptical. On the other hand, because of the process’ figurability, which enables it to act as subject as well as objet of a reflection, Perec’s writing can be apprehended in its plasticity. Finally, this narrative horizon is confronted with the idea that Perec voices about a possible “narratheme”, a minimal narrative unit that would contain the seeds of a fictional world. The local effect of the mise en abyme opens to a more general dynamic of the narratives, between condensation and extension. Narrative or textual thresholds appear, where the inclusion of the author in his writings is negotiated: to narrate and to narrate oneself. Besides the perecquian corpus, the relevance of the enlargement of the mise en abyme is demonstrated in the works of Luxembourgish authors writing in french: Jean Portante and Jean Sorrente.

Visual techniques such as mise-en-scène, cinematography and film editing may be used in order to strengthen a story and create the right atmosphere in which the story is told. This study examines film design, with the aim to raise the knowledge and understanding of how motion pictures are designed in order to achieve a strengthened story and the right atmosphere. The visual techniques are studied with three methods; semiotics, compositional interpretation and my own interpretation. One of the most important roles for a cinematographer is deciding how a film will be presented visually, that is why this study analyses and interprets three films by the cinematographer Hoye van Hoytema with this following question – In which ways has the cinematographer worked with the visual techniques in the opening of the three chosen films? The study also examines how you can work with the visual techniques in one’s own interpretation. Therefore the study includes four short films I have produced. The result of the analyses of the films is summarised and presented in a table and my interpretation was displayed during an exhibition on the 15th January 2016 at Umeå University. The visual techniques show both similarities and differences in how they have been used. They are used in combination to enable creation of the atmosphere in the story in all of the chosen films. The importance of how to relate separate techniques to the story as a whole in order to draw conclusions on what the techniques might imply, is shown. / Visuella grepp som mise-en-scène, filmfotografi och filmredigering kan användas inom film för att förstärka en historia och skapa stämning i en berättelse. Studien behandlar ämnet design inom film med syftet att öka kunskapen om och förståelsen för hur spelfilm kan designas för att uppnå en stärkt historia och en stämning i berättelsen. De visuella greppen studeras genom tre metoder vilka är semiotik, kompositionsanalys och gestaltning. Filmfotografen spelar en viktig roll i hur filmen ska utformas visuellt, därför analyseras och tolkas tre filmer av filmfotografen Hoyte van Hoytema efter frågeställningen – På vilka sätt har filmfotografen arbetat med visuella grepp i inledningen av de tre valda filmerna? I gestaltningen analyseras de visuella greppen genom att själv pröva dem i tre korta egenproducerade filmer. Resultatet av filmanalysen sammanfattas i en tabell och gestaltningen visades på en utställning den 15:e januari 2016 på Umeå universitet. Det finns både likheter och skillnader i hur de visuella greppen använts i filmerna. Gemensamt för dem är att det är kombinationen av de tre greppen som skapar stämning i berättelsen. De enskilda greppen måste också sättas i relation till filmens handling och hur den ser ut i övrigt för att kunna dra slutsatser om vad greppen betyder.

Ce travail comporte 3 volumes: 1 (texte), 2 (illustrations), 3 (description de la bibliothèque d'Érasme et liste de ses éditions princeps). Le premier volume de texte étudie à la fois les rapports entre Érasme et ses imprimeurs et démontre comment cet humaniste a été l'un des premiers auteurs a participé activement à la production matérielle de ses œuvres, utilisant la mise en page et les différents éléments constitutifs du livre (page de titre, manchette, index, paragraphe, caractère typographique) pour tenter de maitriser la réception de son œuvre auprès de ses lecteurs. Ce travail contient trois parties: dans un premier temps, il suit Érasme pas à pas à la recherche d'un imprimeur idéal, puis à partir de 1514 et de sa rencontre avec Johann Froben à Bâle, il décrit les différentes formules utilisées par Érasme pour mettre en forme ses livres. Une troisième partie étudie les épîtres rédigées par ses imprimeurs. Elle montre que l'humaniste joue un rôle également important dans la revendication de ses imprimeurs à se présenter comme humanistes./This study has three volumes : 1 (texte), 2 (illustrations), 3 (description of the library of Erasmus and the list of his editio princeps). The first volume studies the relations between Erasmus and his printers. He show that this humanist is the first to be implicated in the material production of his œuvre. He uses lay-out and differents elements of the book (tittle-page, marginalia, paragraph, index, types) to control the reception of his œuvre by the public. The first volume contains three parts: first, the chronological description of the writer searching an ideal printer. In the second part, after the meeting of Erasmus and Johann Froben in Basel in 1514, this study describes the different formules uses by Erasmus to constitute a new image of the modern book. In the last part, we describe the different letters of the Erasmus's printers. We show that Erasmus was also responsable of the revendication of his printers to be also the humanists.

Att förmedla information till spelare som skall hjälpa dem att förstå syftet med en spelscen är vad detta arbete handlar om. Detta är ett arbete som gått ut på att undersöka hur tidigare beprövade metoder ifrån filmbranschen och Mise-en-scène kan användas för att fånga åskådares uppmärksamhet. I undersökningen så har tre 3d-miljöer skapats som är uppbyggda utifrån dessa teorier och som gestaltar varsin scen ur ett fiktivt äventyr eller pusselspel. Slutligen har en studie utförts där respondenter betraktat scenerna för att sedan besvara frågor på vad de har fått ut för information av de tre scenerna.