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LP fiber mode converters using holographic phase mask in photo-thermo-refractive glassPatil, Aniket 01 January 2014 (has links)
In this study, an investigation was undertaken to research the use of holographic phase masks (HPMs) in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass as mode converters for linearly polarized (LP) fiber modes. A Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) was used to generate higher-order transverse fiber modes LPm,n. Under proper incidence condition on the holographic device, LPm,n modes are diffracted and simultaneously converted into higher order or lower order LP modes. The process was analyzed by imaging the far field on a CCD camera. It is demonstrated that using this novel method of converting transverse fiber modes several combinations of LP modes can be converted to each other with mode conversion efficiencies up to 70%. Mode purities were found to be around 85% for up conversion and around 90% for down conversion, respectively. It is noticed that this approach has several promising applications such as mode multiplexing, beam cleaning and power scaling of higher-order mode fiber lasers and amplifiers by combining mode conversion and beam combining.
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MULTIMODE DEVICES IN COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SYSTEMSGong, Xiaoyu 13 May 2014 (has links)
Multimode devices play an increasingly important role in both communication and sensing systems. Mode division multiplexing (MDM) in multimode fiber (MMF) is becoming a promising method to further increase the capacity of optical transmission link with a controllable mode coupler. Similarly, optic sensors based on core-cladding-mode interference can be widely used in measurement of refractive index (RI), temperature and strain.
Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in single mode operation have been extensively studied as in-line optical components for both communication and sensing applications. In recent years, research has been extended to FBGs in few-mode operation as mode couplers in MDM applications. Experimentally, mode conversion from fundamental linear polarization (LP) mode LP01 to higher order LP11 mode in two-mode FBG (TMFBG) has been observed. Index asymmetry and electric field distortion induced by ultraviolet (UV) side illumination in fabrication of FBG make the two modes no longer orthogonal. However, its spectrum analysis mainly depends on experimental data and software simulation using the complex finite element method (FEM). Here a simpler theoretical model based on coupled mode theory (CMT) and Runge-Kutta method (RKM) is proposed. An analytical expression of the mode coupling coefficient is derived and the modeling results match very well with experimental data.
Abrupt fiber tapers allow power transfer between core and cladding modes and show promise as RI sensing components when two abrupt tapers are cascaded into an in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The main advantage of the MZI taper sensor is its low manufacturing cost. However, the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) used as the receiver and demodulation device in the conventional setup is still expensive. Three simplified schemes of fiber taper MZI RI sensor systems are designed and demonstrated experimentally. The transmitter and the demodulation devices for the three schemes are a single wavelength laser and a photodetector (PD), two modulated lasers and a PD together with data acquisition and processing module, and a broadband source (BBS) and a PD together with matched MZI, respectively. In all those implementations OSA is not required, which significantly lowers the cost and leads to easy integration. Although extra modulation/demodulation devices are required, the second implementation has the best performance. Automatic operation is realized by LabVIEW programming. High sensitivity (2371 mV/RI unit (RIU)) and high stability are achieved experimentally. Those new schemes have great potential to be applied to other interferometric optic sensor systems. / Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-05-09 11:44:44.837
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