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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modelos gêmeos em teorias de campos escalares

Dantas, Joseclécio Dutra 13 March 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:14:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3752182 bytes, checksum: 63a51d4864db299b4b98e396d8d6e622 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we do an investigation of new features of so-called k-defects, which are topological defects with non-canonical kinetic term. Specifically, we study a class of k-defects in models of scalar field theories distinct from standard theory but discribing, case to case, the very same defect structure with the very same energy density as that described by the theory governed by standard Lagrange density. In teories which presents such relationships, distinct models support the same topological structure; why call them of twinlike models. We then build a model of twin theory, which we call ALTW model, and find the relationships between them, including relations between the potentials of both, which, although distinct, they present minima that are connected by the same field solution, for the case of static and stable configurations. The results are ilustrated with several examples. In order to distinguish between theories, we analyze the situation in which the component T11 of the energy-momentum tensor is nonzero, which is equivalent to breaking the pressureless condition required to ensure stability of static solutions. With the same purpose of distinction, we did a study of linear stability of defects and we found that, although representing the same defect structure, case to case, a theory is not a simple reparametrization of the other. We also made an extension of the twin nature between more general models of real scalar field theries and an application to braneworld scenario. We also investigated the behavior twin between standard and tachyonic models in FRW cosmology, where the scalar field evolves over time. / No presente trabalho fazemos uma investigação de novas características dos chamados kdefeitos, que são defeitos topológicos com termo cinético não-canônico. Especificamente, estudamos uma classe de k-defeitos em modelos de teorias de campos escalares distintos da teoria padrão mas que descrevem, caso a caso, o mesmo defeito com a mesma densidade de energia daquele descrito pela teoria governada pela densidade lagrangiana padrão. Em teorias que apresentam tais relações, modelos distintos suportam a mesma estrutura topológica; daí chamá-los de modelos gêmeos. Construímos, então, um modelo de teoria gêmea, que denominamos modelo ALTW, e encontramos as relações existentes entre eles, incluindo as relações entre os potenciais de ambos, que, embora distintos, apresentam mínimos conectados pelo mesmo campo solução, para o caso de configurações estáticas e estáveis. Os resultados são ilustrados com vários exemplos. Com a finalidade de distinguir as teorias, analisamos a situação em que a componente T11 do tensor energia-momento é não-nula, o que é equivalente a quebrar a condição de pressão nula necessária para garantir a estabilidade das soluções estáticas. Com o mesmo objetivo de distinção, fizemos um estudo da estabilidade linear dos defeitos e obtivemos que, embora representem o mesmo defeito, caso a caso, uma teoria não é uma simples reparametrização da outra. Fizemos ainda uma extensão da natureza gêmea entre modelos mais gerais de teorias de campo escalar real e uma aplicação ao cenário de brana. Investigamos também o comportamento gêmeo entre os modelos padrão e taquiônico em cosmologia FRW, onde o campo escalar evolui com o tempo.
2

Modified Newtonian dynamics at all astrophysical scales

Angus, Garry W. January 2008 (has links)
In this thesis I test the modified Newtonian dynamics as an alternative to the cold dark matter hypothesis. In the Milky Way, I show that the dynamics of the dwarf galaxies are well described by the paradigm and I confirm its distant low surface brightness globular clusters provide a strong test, for which I make predictions. Through analysis of a sample of 26 X-ray bright galaxy groups and clusters I demonstrate that the three active neutrinos and their anti-particles are insufficient to reconcile modified Newtonian dynamics with the observed temperatures of the X-ray emitting gas, nor with weak-lensing measurements, in particular for the bullet cluster. To this end, I propose an 11eV sterile neutrino to serendipitously resolve the residual mass problem in X-ray bright groups and clusters, as well as matching the angular power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background. With this in mind, I show that the large collision velocity of the bullet cluster and the high number of colliding clusters is more naturally reproduced in MOND than in standard dynamics.
3

Ondes internes de gravité en fluide stratifié: instabilités, turbulence et vorticité potentielle

Koudella, Christophe 08 April 1999 (has links) (PDF)
Une étude numérique de la dynamique d'ondes internes de gravité en fluide stablement stratifié est menée. On décrit un algorithme pseudo-spectral<br />parallèle permettant d'intégrer les équations de Navier-Stokes sur une machine paralèele. En deux dimensions d'espace, on analyse la dynamique d'un<br />champ d'ondes internes propagatives, d'amplitude modérée et initialement plan et monochromatique. Le champ d'ondes est instable et déferle. Le déferlement produit une turbulence de petites échelles spatiales influencées par la stratification. L'étude<br />est étendue au cas tridimensionnel, plus réaliste. En trois dimensions, on étudie le même champ d'ondes internes, que l'on perturbe par un bruit infinitésimal ondulatoire tridimensionnel, mais on considère des ondes statiquement stables et<br />instables (grandes amplitudes). On montre que le déferlement d'une onde interne est un processus intrinsèquement tridimensionnel, y compris pour les ondes de faible amplitude. La tridimensionalisation du champ d'ondes s'opère dans les zones de l'espace où le champ de densité devient statiquement instable. L'effondrement gravitationnel d'une zone est de structure transverse au plan de propagation de l'onde. Les effets de la turbulence des petites échelles sur la production de la composante non propagatrice de l'écoulement, le mode de vorticité potentielle et la production d'un écoulement moyen, permet de conclure que seule une petite proportion de l'énergie mécanique initiale est convertie sous ses deux formes, la majeure partie étant dissipée par la dissipation visqueuse et conduction thermique. On reconsidère le mode de vorticiée potentielle par une approche Hamiltonienne non-canonique du fluide parfait stratifié. La dérivation d'un système de dynamique modifiée permet d'étudier la relaxation d'un écoulement stratifié, conservant sa vorticité potentielle et sa densité, vers un état stationnaire d'énergie minimale, correspondant au mode de vorticité potentielle.

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