Este trabalho descreve o isolamento e a determinação estrutural de doze alcaloides guanidínicos, bem como a avaliação das atividades biológicas dos alcaloides majoritários. Os alcaloides descritos foram isolados a partir do extrato bruto de esponja marinha Monanchora arbuscula, coletada em Cabo Frio, no litoral do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra de esponja foi seca em liofilizador e extraída com MeOH. O extrato MeOH foi particionado com hexano, obtendo-se um extrato MeOH rico em alcaloides. Esse extrato foi sucessivamente fracionado obtendo-se os compostos arbusculidinina (1) (inédita na literatura), fromiamicalina (2), crambescidina 800 (3), arbusculidina (4)(inédita na literatura), batzelladinas L (6), F (7), D (12), norbatzelladina L (5), batzellamida A (8) (inédita na literatura), hemibatzelladina J (9) (inédita na literatura), Δ19-hemibatzelladeno J (10) (inédito na literatura), Δ20-hemibatzelladeno J (11) (inédito na literatura). As estruturas foram determinadas por análise detalhada dos seus espectros de RMN e espectrometria de massas. As batzelladinas majoritárias isoladas neste trabalho foram avaliadas em diferentes testes biológicos de atividade antiviral, antifúgica, antiparasitária e de atividade ATPásica apresentando resultados promissores. A batzelladina L (6) apresentou pontente atividade leishmanicida e antifúngica, enquanto que a norbatzelladina L (5) apresentou pontente atividade tripanossomicida e antiviral. / This work describes the isolation of twelve guanidine alkaloids and the biological activities of the major alkaloids. The alkaloids were isolated from the marine sponge Monanchora arbuscula, collected in Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro. The sponge sample freeze-dried, and extracted with MeOH. The MeOH extract was deffated with exane, providing al alkaloids-rich extract. The extract was exhaustively fractionated to yield arbusculidinine (1), fromiamycalin (2) crambescidin 800 (3), arbusculidine (4), batzelladines L (6) F (7), D (12), norbatzelladine L (5) batzellamide A (8), J hemibatzelladine (9), Δ19-hemibatzelladene J (10), Δ20-hemibatzelladene J (11). Their structures were established by analysis of NMR and MS data.The major compounds isolated were submitted to several biological assays as antiviral, antifungic, antiparasitic and inhibition ATPase activity. Batzelladine L (6) showed potent leishmanicidal and antifungal activity, while norbatzelladine L (5) showed powerful antiviral and antitripanosomal activity.

Este trabalho descreve o isolamento e a determinação estrutural de doze alcaloides guanidínicos, bem como a avaliação das atividades biológicas dos alcaloides majoritários. Os alcaloides descritos foram isolados a partir do extrato bruto de esponja marinha Monanchora arbuscula, coletada em Cabo Frio, no litoral do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra de esponja foi seca em liofilizador e extraída com MeOH. O extrato MeOH foi particionado com hexano, obtendo-se um extrato MeOH rico em alcaloides. Esse extrato foi sucessivamente fracionado obtendo-se os compostos arbusculidinina (1) (inédita na literatura), fromiamicalina (2), crambescidina 800 (3), arbusculidina (4)(inédita na literatura), batzelladinas L (6), F (7), D (12), norbatzelladina L (5), batzellamida A (8) (inédita na literatura), hemibatzelladina J (9) (inédita na literatura), Δ19-hemibatzelladeno J (10) (inédito na literatura), Δ20-hemibatzelladeno J (11) (inédito na literatura). As estruturas foram determinadas por análise detalhada dos seus espectros de RMN e espectrometria de massas. As batzelladinas majoritárias isoladas neste trabalho foram avaliadas em diferentes testes biológicos de atividade antiviral, antifúgica, antiparasitária e de atividade ATPásica apresentando resultados promissores. A batzelladina L (6) apresentou pontente atividade leishmanicida e antifúngica, enquanto que a norbatzelladina L (5) apresentou pontente atividade tripanossomicida e antiviral. / This work describes the isolation of twelve guanidine alkaloids and the biological activities of the major alkaloids. The alkaloids were isolated from the marine sponge Monanchora arbuscula, collected in Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro. The sponge sample freeze-dried, and extracted with MeOH. The MeOH extract was deffated with exane, providing al alkaloids-rich extract. The extract was exhaustively fractionated to yield arbusculidinine (1), fromiamycalin (2) crambescidin 800 (3), arbusculidine (4), batzelladines L (6) F (7), D (12), norbatzelladine L (5) batzellamide A (8), J hemibatzelladine (9), Δ19-hemibatzelladene J (10), Δ20-hemibatzelladene J (11). Their structures were established by analysis of NMR and MS data.The major compounds isolated were submitted to several biological assays as antiviral, antifungic, antiparasitic and inhibition ATPase activity. Batzelladine L (6) showed potent leishmanicidal and antifungal activity, while norbatzelladine L (5) showed powerful antiviral and antitripanosomal activity.

Les travaux de thèse exposés dans ce manuscrit portent sur l'étude chimique de quatre éponges marines collectées à Madagascar : Monanchora unguiculata, Amphimedon sp., Aulospongus gardineri et Biemna laboutei. Pour les trois premières, l'extraction, l'isolement et l'identification des métabolites secondaires par différentes techniques chromatographiques (CLMP, CLHP…) et spectroscopiques (UV-visible, SMHR, RMN 1D et 2D…) ont été envisagés. Quinze métabolites secondaires de type alcaloïdes guanidiniques, dérivés de la bromotyrosine, N-acyléthanolamines et polyynes, ont été isolés de ces éponges. Huit sont de structures nouvelles. La valorisation des molécules isolées a ensuite été envisagée via l'évaluation de leurs activités biologiques. Deux d'entres elles, la fromiamycaline (M70) et la ptilomycaline F (MU7) ont montré une excellente activité antipaludique et quatre, la fromiamycaline (M70) et les ptilomycalines E (MU6), G (MU8) et H (MU9) une cytotoxicité sur cellules KB prometteuse. L'étude de la dernière éponge, Biemna laboutei, portait sur des molécules précédemment isolées au sein du LCSNSA. Les travaux entrepris comprenaient une vérification des configurations relatives de neuf alcaloïdes guanidiniques déterminées par RMN grâce à la probabilité DP4+. Les configurations relatives déterminées par RMN de sept des molécules ont ainsi pu être confirmées et trois d'entre elles, les nétamines G (E8), P (E17) et R (E19) ont fait l'objet d'une étude plus approfondie par modélisation moléculaire afin de déterminer leur configuration absolue par comparaison de leur spectre de Dichroïsme Circulaire Électronique expérimental avec un spectre calculé. / The work described in this manuscript concerns the chemical study of four sponges from Madagascar: Monanchora unguiculata, Amphimedon sp., Aulospongus gardineri and Biemna laboutei. For the first three sponges, the study was devoted to the extraction, isolation and identification of secondary metabolites by various chromatographic (MPLC, HPLC…) and spectroscopic (UV, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR…) techniques. Fitfteen secondary metabolites including guanidine alkaloids, bromotyrosin derivated, N-acylethanolamines and polyynes were isolated from these sponges. Eight are new molecules. The biological activities of the isolated compounds were then evaluated. Two of them, fromiamycalin (M70) and ptilomycalin F (MU7) showed a very good antimalarial activity and four of them, fromiamycalin (M70) and ptilomycalins E (MU6), G (MU8) and H (MU9) a promising cytotoxicity against KB cells. The study of the last sponge, Biemna laboutei, was performed on molecules already isolated in the LCSNSA. This work included the determination of the relative configuration of nine guanidine alkaloids by using the DP4+ probability. The relative configuration of seven molecules was confirmed. Three of them, netamines G (E8), P (E17) and R (E19) were selected for a study by molecular modeling to determine their absolute configuration by comparison of their experimental Electronic Circular Dichroism spectrum with a calculated spectrum.