Broadcasts and timelines are the primary mechanism of information exchange in online social platforms today. Services like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram have enabled ordinary people to reach large audiences spanning cultures and countries, while their massive popularity has created increasingly competitive marketplaces of attention. Timing broadcasts to capture the attention of such geographically diverse audiences has sparked interest from many startups and social marketing gurus. However, formal study is lacking on both the timing and frequency problems. In this thesis, we introduce, motivate and solve the broadcast scheduling problem of specifying the timing and frequency of publishing content to maximise the attention received. We validate and quantify three interacting behavioural phenomena to parametrise social platform users: information overload, bursty circadian rhythms and monotony aversion, which is defined here for the first time. Our analysis of the influence of monotony refutes the common assumption that posts on social network timelines are consumed piecemeal independently. Instead, we reveal that posts are consumed in chunks, which has important consequences for any future work considering human behaviour over social network timelines. Our quantification of monotony aversion is also novel, and has applications to problems in various domains such as recommender list diversification, user satiation and variety-seeking consumer behaviour. Having studied the underlying behavioural phenomena, we link schedules, timelines, attention and behaviour by formalising a timeline information exchange process. Our formulation gives rise to a natural objective function that quantifies the expected collective attention an arrangement of posts on a timeline will receive. We apply this formulation as a case-study on real-data from Twitter, where we estimate behavioural parameters, calculate the attention potential for different scheduling strategies and, using the method of marginal allocation, discover a new scheduling strategy that outperforms popular scheduling heuristics while producing fewer posts.

Career plateau has been identified as stressful experiences that can lead to employee negative feelings and attitudes in the workplace. However, empirical studies that examine how career plateau relates to employee outcomes and the conditions that moderate the above relationships have been scarce. Using an occupational stress model as the foundation, this study examined whether two types of career plateau (i.e., hierarchical plateau and job content plateau) relate to employee outcomes (emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment). Furthermore, this study examined whether the proposed psychological processes (future career uncertainty and subjective monotony) mediate the above relationships and whether components of workplace spirituality (i.e., inner life and belongingness to community) moderate the relationship between career plateau and psychological processes. Based on responses of 243 participants, hierarchical regression results indicate that both plateaus relate negatively with job satisfaction, job involvement, and affective organizational commitment. However, only hierarchical plateau relates positively to emotional exhaustion, whereas job content plateau is not related to emotional exhaustion. Also, individuals’ future career uncertainty partially mediates the relationship between hierarchical plateau and employee emotional exhaustion and job attitudes, whereas subjective monotony partially mediates the relationship between job content plateau and job attitudes, but completely mediates the relationship between job content plateau and emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, only the inner life component of workplace spirituality moderates the relationship between hierarchical plateau and future career uncertainty. Based on the study findings, managerial implications, limitations and suggestions for future research directions are given.

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences in Sense of Coherence between people in monotonous and non – monotonous jobs with regard to birth order. In this present study, 89 individuals from three different working organizations participated, of which 51 (57, 3 %) of them were men and 38 (42, 7 %) women. The results showed that in varying occupations, firstborn children showed a higher level of Sense of Coherence. In monotonus jobs, middle children prove to have the lowest level of Sence of Coherence. The results from this study also show that Sense of Coherence is associated with the individuals’ age and their experienced relationship with their parents during childhood. / Sammanfattning Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om det finns skillnader i känsla av sammanhang mellan personer på monotona och icke – monotona arbeten med hänsyn tagen till syskonplacering. I den här studien deltog 89 personer från tre olika arbetsorganisationer i södra Sverige, varav 51 (57,3 %) av dem var män och 38 (42,7 %) kvinnor. Resultatet visade att i varierade arbeten har förstfödda barn högre nivåer av KASAM. I monotona arbeten uppvisar mellanbarn inneha den lägsta nivån av KASAM. Resultatet från denna studie visar även att KASAM är kopplad till individers ålder och upplevda relation till föräldrarna under barndomen.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences in Sense of Coherence between people in monotonous and non – monotonous jobs with regard to birth order. In this present study, 89 individuals from three different working organizations participated, of which 51 (57, 3 %) of them were men and 38 (42, 7 %) women. The results showed that in varying occupations, firstborn children showed a higher level of Sense of Coherence. In monotonus jobs, middle children prove to have the lowest level of Sence of Coherence. The results from this study also show that Sense of Coherence is associated with the individuals’ age and their experienced relationship with their parents during childhood.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om det finns skillnader i känsla av sammanhang mellan personer på monotona och icke – monotona arbeten med hänsyn tagen till syskonplacering. I den här studien deltog 89 personer från tre olika arbetsorganisationer i södra Sverige, varav 51 (57,3 %) av dem var män och 38 (42,7 %) kvinnor. Resultatet visade att i varierade arbeten har förstfödda barn högre nivåer av KASAM. I monotona arbeten uppvisar mellanbarn inneha den lägsta nivån av KASAM. Resultatet från denna studie visar även att KASAM är kopplad till individers ålder och upplevda relation till föräldrarna under barndomen.</p>

Using similar disjunctive writing styles, Michael Ondaatje and Daphne Marlatt create characters who defy stability, consistency, and predictability. Both authors undermine the notion that the self is a unified entity determined to resist an ambiguity in the search for univocal meaning. Rather, the worlds inhabited by Buddy Bolden, Lalla Dickman, Mervyn Ondaatje, and Ina as found in Coming Through Slaughter, Running in the Family, and Ana Historic subscribe to uniformity by valourizing social and textual conventions. Within these contexts of closure, all characters succumb to some degree of hysteria, madness, or death. In Ondaatje's novels scandal becomes a release from the monotony of a unified self, while in Ana Historic Annie Anderson's continual displacement of pronouns effectively suspends female identity. Ondaatje and Marlett fictionalize the post-structuralist work of Roland Barthes in "The Death of the Author" in that both authors create characters whose boundaries are never fixed, but always shifting according to the contexts in which they find themselves. On this basis the self as embodied in the pronoun "I" contains not a set persona, but a network of competing voices. In the final chapter of this thesis, I examine the implications for authorship which Ondaatje and Marlatt raise in their contention that the self exists without a central core. During moments of autobiography, Ondaatje and Marlatt implicitly contest the defacement of their signatures on novels which call for an obfuscation of identity, but arrest that movement when it folds back on the author's domain--the outer cover of the text. Because Ondaatje and Marlett elide themselves with their characters, they, too, are pulled into a vertigo of language that knows not identity, but the endless positing and erasure of tropes. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

All around Stockholm, housing is under construction. But the theme is not housing - it is variation. Varied facades, varied roofscapes, to create variation along the streets. I propose that there is a safety in monotony - the kind that is lacking on the housing market. Anonymity can be a sign that the sender had you in mind, rather than themselves; this was the best we could do, therefore we repeated it over and over again, implying there is a ”we” and not an ”I” behind it all. This that is provided for you - for example a home - is not something you must earn, it can be taken for granted, by you and everyone else. Nya Hjorthagen is an alternative proposal for the site of Norra Djurgårdsstaden.

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Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Dept. of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Kristýna Tumová, DiS. Tutor: PhDr. Eva Švarcová, Ph.D. Thesis: Psychosocial workload of Pharmacists II. Background: My work is focused on pharmacy professionals in terms of their daily mental stress. Aim of study: To characterize the profession of a pharmacist from a historical perspective, their role in society, and the legislative definitions. Describe concepts related to mental health and mental hygiene focusing on stress, fatigue, and burnout. In the practical part, analyse the identified subjective feelings of fatigue of pharmacists and pharmaceutical assistants while comparing these two interviewed groups and evaluating the impact of the pharmacy location (city, village). Methods: Questionnaire survey through the Subjective Symptoms of Fatigue (SSF) questionnaire and the scale of Mental Fatigue. Respondents - pharmacists and pharmaceutical assistants in the same proportion of representation concerning the expertise and location of the pharmacy. A total of 200 respondents, 100 respondents from villages and 100 from cities. Each of the 100 respondents is represented by 50 pharmacists and 50 pharmaceutical assistants. Processing of results - Microsoft Excel program....

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate Barbora Čavajdová Consultant PhDr. Eva Švarcová, Ph.D. Thesis Title Psychosocial Work Burden of Pharmacists I. Introduction: Practicing a pharmacy as a pharmacist can cause stress and strain. The main task is to dispense medicines, where a lot of attention and responsibility is needed. With the induced stress and the action of stressors, there are feelings of fatigue, which disappear after rest. Working conditions are an important factor that affect the overall mental and physical condition of the pharmacist. Objective: The aim of the work was to evaluate the degree of fatigue of pharmacists by analyzing working conditions and based on the results to recommend proposals for improving health and working conditions. Methods: The method was based on a questionnaire survey, where pharmacists responded to the degree of fatigue in the area of subjective feelings of fatigue, vision problems and problems associated with the musculoskeletal system. Questionnaires were filled in by pharmacists from chain and independent pharmacies, and the results were then compared. Out of 200 questionnaires, 160 fully completed questions were returned to me and the results were evaluated in Microsoft...

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate Barbora Čavajdová Consultant PhDr. Eva Švarcová, Ph.D. Thesis Title Pharmacists' health aspects of stress Introduction: Pharmacists working in pharmacies may be subject to some strain and stress. The main task of this profession is the dispensing of medicines when you need to be very attentive and responsible. With the action of stressors and the consequent stress there are manifestations of fatigue which disappear with rest. Working conditions are an important factor that affect the overall mental and physical condition of the pharmacist. Objective: The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the degree of fatigue of pharmacists by analysing working conditions and based on the results to recommend proposals for improving health and working conditions in pharmacies. Methods: The method was based on a questionnaire survey, where pharmacists responded to the degree of fatigue in the area of subjective feelings of fatigue, vision problems and problems associated with the musculoskeletal system. Questionnaires were filled in by pharmacists from chain (Benu and Dr.Max) and other pharmacies, then the results were compared. Out of 200 questionnaires, 160 fully completed questions were...