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O conceito de religião em Kant e o problema teleológico do argumento moralPereira, Davi Gadelha 21 June 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-21 / The title of the research suggests two specially moments, namely, first of all, that will be
given focus to a overview of what comes to be the concept of religion in Kant, in order to,
clarify the exact moment in which to determine, in his philosophy, passage of morality to
religion. However, we seek to explain briefly and as far as possible - considering the
chronogram of the research – the architectural who philosopher studied developed in order to
explain philosophically the concept of religion from morality, in his writings about these
respective terms. In the second moment, we approach, specifically, the teleological problem
faced by the Kantian moral argument for the existence of God. Therefore, the
problematization begins with preliminary considerations on religion and consolidated from
the analysis of the second part of the propose theme, which refers to the moral argument
(fundamental purpose of all critical and especially of the second) and the teleological
question, in other words, of the ultimate finality of every rational causality. Now, as the
concept postulated a supreme lawgiver can harmonize to final purpose of the moral law and
the laws of nature in a transcendental purely process? Indeed, the exhaustive task of the Kant
was, therefore, to reconcile the teleology of nature with the teleology of freedom promoting
the bridge was missing between theoretical reason and its extension, the practical reason.
Thus, his critical philosophy consisted in linking the purpose moral with the purpose of the
nature in teleological reflective judgment. Without it can be determined the nature of God in
theoretical field of reason, its existence can be naturally accepted as a concept that embraces
itself all conformity to the purposes of reason, both theoretical and practical. These
foundamentals are put from the critical works, while it comes to an ethical-religious valuation
derived the normatives of reason, which aligns with the exaltation of the philosopher to moral
law taking as representing freedom of duty. / O título da pesquisa sugere dois momentos em especial, a saber, em primeiro lugar, que será
dado enfoque a um panorama geral do que venha a ser o conceito de religião em Kant, com o
intuito de esclarecer o exato momento no qual se pode determinar, em sua filosofia, a
passagem da moral à religião. Contudo, procuramos explicar, resumidamente e na medida do
possível – considerando-se o cronograma da pesquisa – a arquitetônica que o filósofo
estudado desenvolveu com vistas a explicar filosoficamente o conceito de religião a partir da
moralidade, em seus escritos, acerca destes respectivos termos. No segundo momento
abordamos especificamente o problema teleológico enfrentado pelo argumento moral
kantiano para a existência de Deus. Logo, a problematização é iniciada com considerações
preliminares sobre religião e consolidada a partir da análise da segunda parte do tema
proposto, o qual faz referência ao argumento moral (propósito fundamental de todas as
críticas e em especial da segunda) e a questão teleológica, ou seja, da finalidade última de
toda causalidade racional. Ora, como o conceito postulado de um Legislador Supremo pode se
harmonizar aos propósitos finais da lei moral e das leis da natureza num processo puramente
transcendental? Com efeito, a exaustiva tarefa de Kant foi, pois, a de conciliar a teleologia da
natureza com a teleologia da liberdade promovendo a ponte que faltava entre a razão teórica e
sua extensão, a razão prática. Assim, sua filosofia crítica se constituiu em ligar o fim moral
com os fins da natureza no juízo reflexivo teleológico. Sem que possa ser determinada a
natureza de Deus no campo teórico da razão, a sua existência pode ser naturalmente admitida
como um conceito que abarca em si toda conformidade aos fins da razão, tanto teórica como
prática. Estes fundamentos são postos a partir das obras críticas, enquanto que se trata de uma
valoração ético-religiosa oriundas das normativas da razão, a qual se alinha com a exaltação
do filósofo à lei moral tomando como representação a liberdade do dever.
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Communicating a public moral argument : a textual analysis of Svetlana Alexievich's Zinky Boys : Soviet voices from the Afghanistan warNagel, Pieter Samuel January 2021 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. (Communication Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / This thesis explored the narratives of Soviet survivors of the Soviet-Afghanistan War that lasted from 1979 to 1989. The purpose of this exploration was to gain an understanding of the individual arguments that these survivors were making in a published work by Belarussian literary journalist Svetlana Alexievich, in her book Zinky Boys: Soviet voices from the Afghanistan War, that was originally published in 1989, and translated into English in 1992. The thesis purpose was to determine the central public moral argument that the published work is making at the close of the Soviet-Afghan War. The body of literature reviewed and discussed in Chapter 3 helped frame the interpretative context for the study. The themes that emerged and captured there are all external in origin to the core text of Zinky Boys, and served a triangulatory purpose to some of the emic data that emerged in the process of analysis of the core text.
One of the major influencers of the study is JC Behrends (2015b) who associated the concept of the Gewaltraum with the Soviet-Afghan War. The notion of agency that was advanced by Giddens in 1984 is equally of importance, as well as Milgram’s (1984) ideas of the agentic state and Obedience to Authority Theory. As theorists, Habermas’ (1991) advancement of the Theory of the Public Sphere and Fisher’s (1984) Narrative Paradigm, contribute to and influence the theoretical grounding of the study.
The study followed the methodology of a textual analysis within the narrative turn, and utilised Fisher’s fidelity and probability tests as proposed within his narrative paradigm to construct a set of thematic intertexts, which provided compelling good reasons to accept the narratives of the survivors. In addition, Fisher’s (1984) differentiating features that set the public moral argument aside from reasoned discourse of the type used in more formal settings were applied to ensure that the public moral argument as derived from the text of Zinky Boys meets the requirements of a public moral argument. As a published work, the public moral argument emerging from Zinky Boys is a matter for the public sphere as Habermas (1991) envisages the sphere as a public space for public reasoned discourse in conflict with the political state. In this instance, it is specifically the Soviet public sphere, which is historically important as the Soviet-Afghan War concluded shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This thesis positions Zinky Boys as portraying the public moral argument of the Soviet survivors in the public sphere.
The major findings of the thesis indicate that the Soviet Limited Contingent in Afghanistan were exposed to extreme levels of violence which is portrayed as a Gewaltraum (violent space). Secondly, the thesis finds that the agency of the Soviets in Afghanistan was often of a violent and abusive nature. A third finding indicates that participants in the war and their immediate family members, notably mothers, become victims of the psychological and physical impact of war. Finally, the finding is presented that the matter of the Soviet engagement in Afghanistan had become a matter for discussion in the public sphere. The resulting public moral argument positions the survivors of the Soviet-Afghan War as victims of the Soviet State due to their agentic state and psychological changes that they underwent in the Gewaltraum of Afghanistan, as well as the Soviet media campaign of disinformation and victimisation, and its effect on their standing as Soviet citizens and their inability to reintegrate successfully back into society.
Key words
Textual analysis; Intertextuality; Narrative journalism; Narrative paradigm; Phenomenology; Public Moral Argument; Public Sphere.
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De Facto huwelike :Dercksen, Elsje Jacoba Johanna, Heaton, J. 01 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / Die regsposisie van die deelgenote tot 'n de facto huwelik word krities ondersoek met
inagneming van die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse regsposisie, oorsigtelike regsvergelyking,
die morele argument, en die invloed van die Grondwet van Suid-Afrika. Die
verskillende vorme van de facto huwelike in sy bree interpretasie word in oenskou
geneem en die volgende verbindings word bespreek: saamwoonverhoudings;
inheemsregtelike huwelike; huwelike voortspruitend uit godsdienstige tradisies; en
homoseksuele huwelike.
Dit word gevind dat die Suid-Afrikaanse regsposisie tans baie onbevredigend is.
Sekere voorstelle vir wysigings word aan die hand gedoen, en daar word gewys op
die unieke kenmerke van die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie wat in ag geneem moet word
in die vorming van 'n nuwe benadering. Dit word bepleit dat die regslui die uitdaging
moet aangryp en met innoverende denke 'n nuwe bestel vir die Suid-Afrikaanse reg moet skep wat buigbaar en soepel is, maar terselfdertyd regsekerheid bevorder. / The legal status of the parties to a de facto marriage is investigated, taking into
consideration the present South African position, legal comparison, the moral
argument, and the influence of the Constitution of South Africa. The different forms
of the de facto marriage in its wide interpretation are reviewed and the following
relationships are discussed: cohabitation relationships; customary marriages;
marriages resulting from religious traditions; and homosexual relationships.
It is found that the present South African legal position is very unsatisfactory. Several
suggestions for amendments are made, and the unique characteristics of the South
African situation to be taken into consideration in forming a new approach, are
highlighted. It is pleaded that the legal profession accept the challenge to create, with
innovation, a new system for South African law which will be flexible, but, will at the same time ensure certainty in law. / Private Law / LL. M.
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De Facto huwelike :Dercksen, Elsje Jacoba Johanna 01 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / Die regsposisie van die deelgenote tot 'n de facto huwelik word krities ondersoek met
inagneming van die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse regsposisie, oorsigtelike regsvergelyking,
die morele argument, en die invloed van die Grondwet van Suid-Afrika. Die
verskillende vorme van de facto huwelike in sy bree interpretasie word in oenskou
geneem en die volgende verbindings word bespreek: saamwoonverhoudings;
inheemsregtelike huwelike; huwelike voortspruitend uit godsdienstige tradisies; en
homoseksuele huwelike.
Dit word gevind dat die Suid-Afrikaanse regsposisie tans baie onbevredigend is.
Sekere voorstelle vir wysigings word aan die hand gedoen, en daar word gewys op
die unieke kenmerke van die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie wat in ag geneem moet word
in die vorming van 'n nuwe benadering. Dit word bepleit dat die regslui die uitdaging
moet aangryp en met innoverende denke 'n nuwe bestel vir die Suid-Afrikaanse reg moet skep wat buigbaar en soepel is, maar terselfdertyd regsekerheid bevorder. / The legal status of the parties to a de facto marriage is investigated, taking into
consideration the present South African position, legal comparison, the moral
argument, and the influence of the Constitution of South Africa. The different forms
of the de facto marriage in its wide interpretation are reviewed and the following
relationships are discussed: cohabitation relationships; customary marriages;
marriages resulting from religious traditions; and homosexual relationships.
It is found that the present South African legal position is very unsatisfactory. Several
suggestions for amendments are made, and the unique characteristics of the South
African situation to be taken into consideration in forming a new approach, are
highlighted. It is pleaded that the legal profession accept the challenge to create, with
innovation, a new system for South African law which will be flexible, but, will at the same time ensure certainty in law. / Private Law / LL. M.
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