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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvanaDSB_ate o cap3.pdf: 2368599 bytes, checksum: 4c29280234b51f854200d0bf377f8c62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-08-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / A morpho-structural analysis was performed in the uplifted siliciclastic deposits of the Serra do Martins Formation along the Portalegre, Martins and Santana plateaux, in the southeastern and central regions of Rio Grande do Norte State. Due to the lack of biostratigraphic records, this formation has a disputable age.The adopted approach was based on the analysis of the drainage patterns and in the recognition of topographic surfaces and regional structures, subjected to neotectonic deformation and rejuvenation the present stress field. These events are recorded in the lineament arrays and as anomalous features of the landscape, such as the uplifted plateaux.The morpho-sculptural evolution of the studied blocks is expressed as erosive and accumulative processes. The former ones include erosional scarpments, cuestas and amphitheaters as the most characteristic features, while debris slopes represent acumulative examples. Such elements attest to the recent disequilibrium of the plateaux, and the absence of well developed alluvium terraces suggest an accelerated uplift process. The directions of the linear features observed in remote sensing products evidence the control of the basement structural trends, inherited from the pre-Cenozoic evolution. The NNE-SSW direction controls the main erosional features of the plateaux, while the N-S direction is a major drainage control, being also recognized in the Potiguar Basin. An E-W trend occurs as a less developed direction, reflecting either a system of mesozoic basic dykes or precambrian brittle structures. As regards to the drainage arrays, an arborescent, varying to a roughly N-S rectangular pattern, was identified in the Portalegre-Martins block. The Santana plateau displays rectilinear (northern border) and dendritic arborescent (southern border) patterns. In the sedimentary cover, the drainage pattern varies from rectangular to angular, reflecting inheritance from the crystaline basement. The most significative directions, N, NE and NW, mark the erosional fronts of the plateaux. Drainage anomalies, characterized by elbows or paralell confluencies, reinforce the arguments mentioned above. The data sets evidence the relationships between endogenous (lithology, structures) and exogenous features as the main controls of terrain dissecation, associated to vertical (epirogenesis) movements and horizontal tectonics. A final discussion addresses the relationships of the Serra do Martins Formation with the sedimentary record of Potiguar Basin, trying to establish chronostratigraphic links with the main evolutionary steps of this part of the Borborema Province, and possible mechanisms involved in the uplift of the plateaux and other stratigraphic units in the region / A an?lise morfo-tect?nica aqui apresentada teve por objetivo estudar os dep?sitos silicicl?sticos soerguidos da Forma??o Serra do Martins, no contexto dos plat?s de Portalegre, Martins e Santana, situados nas por??es sudoeste e central do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A referida forma??o tem idade discut?vel, por n?o apresentar registros crono e/ou bioestratigr?ficos que a posicionem temporalmente. A sistem?tica de investiga??o adotada fundamentou-se na an?lise da rede de drenagem, no reconhecimento de superf?cies topogr?ficas e das estruturas regionais, submetidas a eventos e reativa??es neotect?nicas. Estes aspectos t?m reflexo direto no arranjo dos lineamentos e em fei??es an?malas identificadas na paisagem, p. ex., os plat?s soerguidos. A evolu??o morfo-escultural dos blocos estudados est? expressa atrav?s de processos erosivos e acumulativos. Dentre as fei??es dissecativas as escarpas de eros?o, cuestas e anfiteatros s?o as mais caracter?sticas, enquanto que os debris slopes constituem um exemplo acumulativo marcante. Estes elementos marcam o desequil?brio recente dos plat?s, onde a aus?ncia de expressivos terra?os aluvionares reflete um processo de r?pido soerguimento. As dire??es das fei??es lineares observadas nos produtos de sensoriamento remoto evidenciam o controle dos trends estruturais do embasamento, herdados da evolu??o pr?-Cenoz?ica. A orienta??o NNE-SSW controla fei??es erosionais dos plat?s, e o trend N-S condiciona o arranjo da drenagem, sendo tamb?m reconhecido na Bacia Potiguar. O trend E-W ocorre de forma menos intensa, refletindo o sistema de diques b?sicos mesoz?icos ou estruturas fr?geis precambrianas. No tocante ao arranjo da drenagem, o padr?o arborescente com varia??es para retangular com dire??o geral para norte foi identificado no bloco Portalegre-Martins. O plat? de Santana ordena-se em padr?es retil?neo (borda norte) e dendr?tico arborescente (sul). Na cobertura sedimentar o arranjo varia de retangular a angular, refletindo o arcabou?o herdado do embasamento cristalino. As dire??es mais significativas s?o N, NE e NW, marcando os trends erosivos. As anomalias de drenagem caracterizadas por deflex?es em cotovelo ou conflu?ncias em arranjo paralelo refor?am os argumentos acima expostos. Os estudos evidenciam a rela??o dos fatores end?genos (litologia, fei??es estruturais) em combina??o aos ex?genos, como condicionantes do maior ou menor grau de disseca??o do relevo, associados aos movimentos verticais (epirog?nese) e ? tect?nica horizontal. S?o discutidas as v?rias possibilidades de correla??o da Forma??o Serra do Martins com os sedimentos encontrados na Bacia Potiguar emersa, objetivando estabelecer poss?veis conex?es crono-estratigr?ficas com os v?rios epis?dios evolutivos desta por??o da Prov?ncia Borborema, e os prov?veis mecanismos envolvidos no soerguimento destes plat?s e de outras unidades estratigr?ficas regionais

Les micro-expressions sont des expressions faciales brèves et subtiles qui apparaissent et disparaissent en une fraction de seconde. Ce type d'expressions reflèterait "l'intention réelle" de l'être humain. Elles ont été étudiées pour mieux comprendre les communications non verbales et dans un contexte médicale lorsqu'il devient presque impossible d'engager une conversation ou d'essayer de traduire les émotions du visage ou le langage corporel d'un patient. Cependant, détecter et reconnaître les micro-expressions est une tâche difficile pour l'homme. Il peut donc être pertinent de développer des systèmes d'aide à la communication exploitant les micro-expressions. De nombreux travaux ont été réalisés dans les domaines de l'informatique affective et de la vision par ordinateur pour analyser les micro-expressions, mais une grande majorité de ces méthodes repose essentiellement sur des méthodes de vision par ordinateur classiques telles que les motifs binaires locaux, les histogrammes de gradients orientés et le flux optique. Étant donné que ce domaine de recherche est relativement nouveau, d'autres pistes restent à explorer. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une nouvelle méthodologie pour l'analyse des petits mouvements (que nous appellerons par la suite mouvements subtils) et des micro-expressions. Nous proposons d'utiliser la pyramide de Riesz, une approximation multi-échelle et directionnelle de la transformation de Riesz qui a été utilisée pour l'amplification du mouvement dans les vidéos à l'aide de l'estimation de la phase 2D locale. Pour l'étape générale d'analyse de mouvements subtils, nous transformons une séquence d'images avec la pyramide de Riesz, extrayons et filtrons les variations de phase de l'image. Ces variations de phase sont en lien avec le mouvement. De plus, nous isolons les régions d'intérêt où des mouvements subtils pourraient avoir lieu en masquant les zones de bruit à l'aide de l'amplitude locale. La séquence d'image est transformée en un signal ID utilisé pour l'analyse temporelle et la détection de mouvement subtils. Nous avons créé notre propre base de données de séquences de mouvements subtils pour tester notre méthode. Pour l'étape de détection de micro-expressions, nous adaptons la méthode précédente au traitement de certaines régions d'intérêt du visage. Nous développons également une méthode heuristique pour détecter les micro-événements faciaux qui sépare les micro-expressions réelles des clignotements et des mouvements subtils des yeux. Pour la classification des micro-expressions, nous exploitons l'invariance, sur de courtes durées, de l'orientation dominante issue de la transformation de Riesz afin de moyenner la séquence d'une micro-expression en une paire d'images. A partir de ces images, nous définissons le descripteur MORF (Mean Oriented Riesz Feature) constitué d'histogrammes d'orientation. Les performances de nos méthodes sont évaluées à l'aide de deux bases de données de micro-expressions spontanées. / Micro-expressions are brief and subtle facial expressions that go on and off the face in a fraction of a second. This kind of facial expressions usually occurs in high stake situations and is considered to reflect a humans real intent. They have been studied to better understand non-verbal communications and in medical applications where is almost impossible to engage in a conversation or try to read the facial emotions or body language of a patient. There has been some interest works in micro-expression analysis, however, a great majority of these methods are based on classically established computer vision methods such as local binary patterns, histogram of gradients and optical flow. Considering the fact that this area of research is relatively new, much contributions remains to be made. ln this thesis, we present a novel methodology for subtle motion and micro-expression analysis. We propose to use the Riesz pyramid, a multi-scale steerable Hilbert transformer which has been used for 2-D phase representation and video amplification, as the basis for our methodology. For the general subtle motion analysis step, we transform an image sequence with the Riesz pyramid, extract and lifter the image phase variations as proxies for motion. Furthermore, we isolate regions of intcrcst where subtle motion might take place and mask noisy areas by thresholding the local amplitude. The total sequence is transformed into a ID signal which is used fo temporal analysis and subtle motion spotting. We create our own database of subtle motion sequences to test our method. For the micro-expression spotting step, we adapt the previous method to process some facial regions of interest. We also develop a heuristic method to detect facial micro-events that separates real micro-expressions from eye blinkings and subtle eye movements. For the micro-expression classification step, we exploit the dominant orientation constancy fom the Riesz transform to average the micro-expression sequence into an image pair. Based on that, we introduce the Mean Oriented Riesz Feature descriptor. The accuracy of our methods are tested in Iwo spontaneous micro-expressions databases. Furthermore, wc analyse the parameter variations and their effect in our results.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Intrinsically disordered proteins are proteins characterized by lack of stable tertiary structures under physiological conditions. Evidence shows that disordered proteins are not only highly involved in protein interactions, but also have the capability to associate with more than one partner. Short disordered protein fragments, called “molecular recognition features” (MoRFs), were hypothesized to facilitate the binding diversity of highly-connected proteins termed “hubs”. MoRFs often couple folding with binding while forming interaction complexes. Two protein disorder mechanisms were proposed to facilitate multiple partner binding and enable hub proteins to bind to multiple partners: 1. One region of disorder could bind to many different partners (one-to-many binding), so the hub protein itself uses disorder for multiple partner binding; and 2. Many different regions of disorder could bind to a single partner (many-to-one binding), so the hub protein is structured but binds to many disordered partners via interaction with disorder. Thousands of MoRF-partner protein complexes were collected from Protein Data Bank in this study, including 321 one-to-many binding examples and 514 many-to-one binding examples. The conformational flexibility of MoRFs was observed at atomic resolution to help the MoRFs to adapt themselves to various binding surfaces of partners or to enable different MoRFs with non-identical sequences to associate with one specific binding pocket. Strikingly, in one-to-many binding, post-translational modification, alternative splicing and partner topology were revealed to play key roles for partner selection of these fuzzy complexes. On the other hand, three distinct binding profiles were identified in the collected many-to-one dataset: similar, intersecting and independent. For the similar binding profile, the distinct MoRFs interact with almost identical binding sites on the same partner. The MoRFs can also interact with a partially the same but partially different binding site, giving the intersecting binding profile. Finally, the MoRFs can interact with completely different binding sites, thus giving the independent binding profile. In conclusion, we suggest that protein disorder with post-translational modifications and alternative splicing are all working together to rewire the protein interaction networks.