With Taiwan¡¦s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), foreign-based oil manufacturers will join, in succession, the motor oil market in Taiwan. This will definitely push further the competition for business that has been made intense by a large number of domestic manufacturers. Therefore, it will be necessary to analyze consumers¡¦ behavior in buying motor oil in order to promote and sell this product. This research examined consumers¡¦ sex, age, education, occupation, and monthly income and investigated whether differences in these factors would lead to significant differences in suggestions and perception, in methods of collecting information and the degree of involvement in the evaluation of plans, and in post-purchase satisfaction and loyalty of reference groups related with motor oil products and prices under different situations. Drivers of small cars registered with Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City were, based on convenient sampling, taken as the subjects that received questionnaire survey. The collected data underwent statistical procedures and analysis, and conclusions and suggestions were drawn and put up to be adopted by concerned enterprises to maintain their market shares and even enhance their competitive edge. The research has obtained findings and offered suggestions that follow: ¤@¡BFindings: ¡]¤@¡^¡BFemales are more likely than their male counterparts to purchase products at bargain prices, and when they are satisfied with the quality of a motor oil product, they are more likely to purchase the same product in the future. ¡]¤G¡^¡BConsumers younger than 30 are more likely to purchase products at bargain prices and more heavily influenced by price suggestions offered by others. ¡]¤T¡^¡BConsumers with college or graduate education are more heavily susceptible to positive remarks than to negative remarks. These consumers consider products to be better in quality if their manufacturers provide better product information. They are more likely to buy motor oil products that have been advertised and promoted in humorous term ¡]¥|¡^¡B Consumers that are engaged in manufacturing have better chance to purchase products at bargain prices. They are more likely to purchase the products that they have used and felt good about the quality and price. On the other hand, if they are not satisfied in these two areas, they will be very likely to switch to other products. ¡]¤­¡^¡BIn purchasing a motor oil product at bargain prices, consumers with low income are more concerned about the evaluation of this product after using it. ¤G¡BSuggestions: ¡]¤@¡^¡BOil manufacturers should enhance their R & D capability, increase the popularity of their products, appeal to customers in humorous ways, and pack products properly and offer them at competitive prices. ¡]¤G¡^¡BOffer various sources of information about products to which consumers have easy access, and gain consumers¡¦ satisfaction with product quality and price so as to win their loyalty.

This paper deals with description and evaluation of the specific consumer competition implemented by OMV Česká republika, s.r.o. First part is devoted strictly to theory like consumer competition's place within the marketing mix, legal arrangements and tax aspects of the consumer competitions. Practical part commences with introduction of the company OMV Česká republika, s.r.o., continues with analysis of the Czech lubes market and short excursion to European legislation in the field of lubes. Furthermore, the paper introduces EPG (Engine Protection Guarantee) programme implemented by OMV Česká republika, s.r.o., the consumer competition used as support of this programme and also marketing support of the consumer competition. At the end, the paper is evaluating the whole consumer competition.

The use of ethanol as an additive to gasoline fuel is becoming a common phenomenon. It helps solve the energy crisis and environmental issues that fossil fuel has brought about. However, when dissolved in motor oil, ethanol would dilute motor oil and drastically change its lubrication properties, in the same manner as gasoline dilution. Since ethanol has higher boiling point than gasoline, it takes longer time to be cooked away from the oil, causing more severe changes to motor oil properties. In this work, a new analytical method is presented to study the behaviour of ethanol/oil system. Seven motor oil formulations provided by Italian group E.n.i. are tested regarding their performance in resisting ethanol dilution. The tests are conducted in microcapillaries within which ethanol droplet dissolves in motor oil phase under 40oC or 60oC. Mathematical model is developed to study the shrinkage kinetics of ethanol droplets. And, the mass transfer coefficients of ethanol transporting to different oil formulations are obtained. Similar experiments are conducted on hexadecane and new and used Shell SAE 5W-30 motor oil to discover the difference between motor oil and pure hydrocarbon and the difference between new motor oil and used motor oil. It was found through hexadecane tests and Shell motor oil tests that hydrocarbons with shorter chain length were less capable of resisting ethanol dilution; old motor oil are slower in dissolving ethanol than new oil; and, suspected ethanol-soot complex may form in old motor oil, which might corrode engine parts. / acase@tulane.edu

<p>U doktorskoj disertaciji je realizovano ispitivanje revitalizacije, parametara sagorevanja i emisije otpadnih transformatorskih i motornih ulja, kao i njihovih dizel me&scaron;avina. Dobijeni eksperimentalni rezultati ukazuju da se nakon revitalizacionog tretmana značajno pobolj&scaron;avaju izolaciona svojstva transformatorskog ulja, &scaron;to je veoma važno za bezbedan rad transformatora, za&scaron;titu životne i radne sredine. Pored toga, rezultati eksperimentalnog ispitivanja procesa sagorevanja ukazuju da se otpadna transformatorska i motorna ulja i njihove me&scaron;avine sa dizelom mogu koristiti kao gorivo u generatorima toplote male snage i u raznim granama procesne industrije, te mogu smanjiti probleme u vezi sa za&scaron;titom životne sredine.</p> / <p>The doctoral thesis cover the testing of revitalization, combustion parameters and emissions of waste transformer and motor oils, as well as their diesel mixtures. The experimental results obtained indicate that after the revitalization treatment, the insulating properties of the transformer oil are significantly improved, which is very important for the safe operation of transformer, environmental protection and work environment. In addition, the results of an experimental test of the combustion process indicate that waste transformer and motor oils and their mixtures with diesel can be used as fuel in low power heat generators and in various branches of the process industry, and can reduce environmental issues.</p>