Thesis (D. Min.)--Erskine Theological Seminary, 1998. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-158).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Erskine Theological Seminary, 1998. / Abstract. This is an electronic reproduction of TREN, #064-0032. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-158).

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2011. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-98).

Master of Science / Geology / Matthew E. Brueseke / The Upper Wind River Basin (UWRB) is located in north-central Wyoming, to the south of the Yellowstone National Park boundary and east of Jackson Hole. Both Lava Mountain and Spring Mountain are Quaternary volcanoes in the UWRB. Lava Mountain is a shield volcano composed of 26 separate lavas capped by a scoria cone. Spring Mountain is located about ~36 km east of Lava Mountain, north of Dubois, WY, where eruptions of basalt cut through Paleocene and Eocene strata. The goal of this study aims to reconstruct the petrogenesis of magmas erupted at both volcanoes using geochemical, petrographic, and isotopic analyses. Important local events in geologic history played a large role in the development of the UWRB. This includes a long history of ancient and Cenozoic subduction, regional extension, and also the migration of the North American plate over the Yellowstone hotspot. The few previous studies on Lava Mountain claim the rocks are mafic in composition, however this was based solely on reconnaissance geological mapping. Geochemical evidence presented in this thesis show Lava Mountain rocks range from basaltic andesite to dacite. Basaltic andesite and dacite are interstratified at the base until approximately 2774 m; the rest of the volcano is andesite. All Lava Mountain samples are largely aphanitic and crystal-poor. Conversely, at Spring Mountain, localized normal faulting controls the location of eruptions of olivine-rich basalt. Petrographic analysis for both Lava Mountain and Spring Mountain display a range of evidence for open system processes, including sieved and/or resorbed pyroxenes, olivines and feldspars, as well as xenocrysts that suggest an influence from crustal assimilation. A petrogenetic model is introduced that discusses how Lava Mountain magma production occurred via fractional crystallization of basalt to dacite, then magma mixing of basaltic andesite and dacite, coupled with small amounts of crustal assimilation, to form the locally erupted andesites. All samples, including Spring Mountain basalts, have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopes of 0.70608 and 0.70751, with ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotopes of 0.51149 and 0.51157 and εNd values of -18 to -22. Pb isotopes plot to the left of the Geochron and directly on to slightly above the Stacey-Kramers curve. Strontium, neodymium, and lead isotope data suggest that Spring Mountain basalts are melts of ancient (e.g., 2.8 Ga Beartooth province) lithospheric mantle. The high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values and exceptionally low εNd values separate the UWRB rocks from both Yellowstone and Snake River Plain volcanics, and suggest they originated from a different magma source. Finally, thermal evidence suggests melting genesis for UWRB rocks may not be Yellowstone plume related; rather it is more likely linked to Cenozoic extension.

No description available.

The Bay of Islands Ophiolitic Complex (BOIC) is one of most well preserved and well-exposed ophiolites in the world. The BOIC consist of four massifs; these are the Table Mountain (TBL), North Arm Mountain (NAM), Blow-Me-Down Mountain (BMD) and Lewis Hills massifs. Proposed geological environments of the BOIC in Newfoundland are diverse; ranging from oceanic spreading ridge to supra-subduction setting. The BOIC has a complete ophiolite sequence as defined at the Penrose Conference (Anonymous, 1972) including ultramafic mantle rocks, ultramafic to gabbroic cumulate rocks, sheeted dikes, pillowed basaltic rocks and capping sedimentary rocks in structurally ascending order. We studied harzburgite and overlying massive dunite in the BOIC. Harzburgite is generally medium-grained, and contains olivine, orthopyroxene, Cr-spinel, clinopyroxene and rare sulfide minerals. Harzburgite is massive to strongly deformed, with local development of mylonitic shear zones. A foliation and lineation are defined by elongated and fragmented grains of orthopyroxene and Cr-spinel. Dikes, sills, veins, and irregularly-shaped bodies of dunite and pyroxenite are present throughout the harzburgite unit. Dunite is the predominant lithology of the Blow-Me-Down Mountain. It is typically fine- to medium-grained, massive, and contains minor Cr-spinel and rare sulfide minerals. Dunite contains olivine, Cr-spinel and minor pyroxenes in some samples. Olivine crystals are commonly partly replaced by serpentine along fractures and in outer rims. Bulk rock and mineral composition data suggest that harzburgites are mild to highly refractory mantle residues after partial melting. In contrast all dunite samples show a cumulate geochemical signature from a mafic melt that originated from highly refractory mantle peridotites. Our study suggest that the harzburgite in the BOIC originally formed as oceanic lithosphere at a slow spreading ridge, possibly in the vicinity of active arc systems, whereas the parental melt for dunites formed in subduction setting. The second part of this study measured trace element compositions for olivine, Cr-spinel and bulk rock of dunite. The measured bulk rock compositions are compared to those of calculated based on mineral chemistry and their abundance. This comparison suggests that the trapped melt fraction was negligible during the crystallization of the dunites. The calculated melt compositions for the dunites confirm that the melt formed in subduction setting.

The Cape Mountain Zebra (CMZ) has been described as one of the most vulnerable mammals in the Republic of South Africa with current populations existing in isolated units. In recent years, South African conservation officials have noted the appearance of tumour like growths, similar to equine sarcoids, in some of these populations. The possibility that the existing populations, numbering around 1 500 animals in total, arose from a very small gene pool is very real, considering that in the early 1970’s there were only 35 breeding animals in the Mountain Zebra National Park. A genetic component to the susceptibility to sarcoid tumour development has been identified in horses. Researchers have found an association between susceptibility to sarcoid and certain heritable cell-surface proteins called major histocompatibility antigens. Studies have reported the possibility of high levels of inbreeding in CMZ in the Bontebok National Park (BNP). The non-territorial social organisation of mountain zebras allows the population to increase to a high density within a relatively short period of time. These observations, coupled with the fact that there are no confirmed reports of sarcoids in the relatively outbred Burchell’s zebra population in the Kruger National Park and the Hartmann’s mountain zebra populations in Namibia, strongly support the hypothesis that a correlation exists between inbreeding in zebra populations and expression of sarcoids. The small number of CMZ in BNP with an apparent high prevalence of suspected sarcoid tumours made this an ideal population to capture, identify and to study the skin tumour. The entire population of CMZ in the BNP was observed and sampled. A total of 15 CMZ was present in the Park at the time of the study. The individual animals were darted from a helicopter using M99, Azaperone and Hyalase after which a ground team moved in and covered their eyes and ears. Each animal was thoroughly examined for the presence of any tumours; the distribution was recorded on a body chart and sizes and appearance were recorded. Anatomical location on the body was divided into head and neck, ventral abdomen and limbs. Biopsies were taken from all of the zebras with sarcoid-like growths. The sarcoids were either surgically excised or a representative biopsy was taken by means of 6mm biopsy punches. The samples were collected in 10% buffered formalin for histological examination. The prevalence of sarcoid in CMZ in BNP was 53%. Of the affected animals, 50% had multiple tumours. The main predilection sites were on the trunk, followed by the limbs and then the head and neck. The severity of the lesions in one stallion was so extreme that it warranted euthanasia. The verrucous type, followed by much lower percentages of the fibroblastic and nodular types, dominated the clinical appearance. Lastly, the sarcoids examined showed either all or some of the typical epidermal and dermal histological features of equine sarcoid. A total of 7 of the affected CMZ were treated using four different methods. The sarcoids were surgically excised (n = 2), treated with intra-lesional 5-fluorouracil (n = 2), autogenous vaccine (n = 2) or autogenous vaccine combined with 5-fluorouracil (n =1). The zebras were immobilised for examination 18 months later. One animal that had been treated with intralesional 5-fluorouracil only had large numbers of verrucous and fibroblastic sarcoids. Her condition was so severe that she had to be euthanased. No signs of sarcoids could be found anywhere on the remaining 6 treated CMZ. This study confirmed that the growths in the CMZ in BNP population are indeed sarcoids and that many of them exhibit an aggressive nature. Sarcoid tumours is a disease that is considered multifactorial in aetiology and therefore other parameters such as immune status of tumour-affected populations and associated environmental variables warrant further investigation. / Dissertation (MSc (CACS))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / unrestricted

The series Californicae is a natural grouping of Iris species native to Oregon, Washington and California. Natural and experimental hybridization is characteristic of the series which has led to confusing taxonomies for some species. Populations of species belonging to this series and found on the northwestern slopes of the Siskiyou Mountains cf southwestern Oregon and adjacent California were investigated. Methods used were numerical classification techniques for morphological characters including both discriminant and K-means cluster analyses and a chemotaxonomi c analysis of flavonoid pigments using thin layer chromatography.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a period in the history of the region surrounding Mount Shasta, a sentinel on the surface of the earth and in the minds of ancient as well as modern man. The study presents the area's geologic history, its pre-history and discovery by the white man in order to provide the reader with an understanding of the later exploration and early settlement of the region. The emergence of the U.S. Forest Service and the creation of Shasta Forest as well as the evolution of Federal regulatory policy and control is presented along with a discussion of the area's transition and recent wilderness legislation. It is the writer's hope that this information might be utilized by others who are concerned with the preservation of the Shasta Peak Wilderness Area.