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Facing a highly competitve environment, companies usually manipulate all kinds of strategies to succeed in their business. One of these manipulative strategies is the timing of entering the market. For the most past, studies on timing of entry have asserted that early entrants could help to build lasting competitive advantages, which is so called the ¡§first-mover advantages.¡¨ However, in recent studies, studies have proved that some late movers could also perform quite well, or even better than those early movers in the market. In this paper, we focus exclusively on those successful late movers and try to figure out how they win a victory over the first mover in the market. We also adopt both the RBV and social capital theory to interpret the process of building late-mover advantages and forming first-mover disadvantages. The paper utilizes the case of TFT-LCD industry and the wholesaling industry in Taiwan to illustrate the issues involved. After interviewing some top managers and analyze related data, we get five discoveries: (1)The resources and social capital of a company do affect its enrty timing. (2)Different industries would have different kind of key resources and social capitals, and the reason for late-movers to beat first-movers and to win in the last is because late-movers could allot its own resources more effectively. (3)Late-mover advantages and first-mover disadvantages are proved to exist in the market. Besides, the content of different industries and companies would be different, too. (4)"High uncertainty of the market¡¨ is the challenge that first-movers are sure to encounter, but what counts is that whether the first-mover could conquer this problem by using its own resources successfully or not. (5)The relationship of resources and (dis)advantages are not only one way direction. Companies¡¦ resources would affect its own (dis)advantages, and on the other hand, (dis)advantages would also turn back to affect the forming of its own resources.

This study seeks to explain the reasons behind why first-mover advantage is unsustainable in emerging industries. For the purpose of study, four companies in two different industries, namely TFT-LCD backlight module and magnesium alloy enclosure manufactures are categories into two groups based on their entrance position (first-movers and latecomers). Since traditional strategies are much harder to use when analyzing industries undergoing rapid change, thus the concept of fitness landscape is used. The conclusions of this study are presented as follows: 1) Although first-movers advantages exists in mature, stable industry, however, the fast changing nature of emerging industries meant that traditional notions are unfeasible. 2) Four important, inter-related factors determine the possibility of latecomer to overcome first-mover advantages, they are i) the growing market, ii) late entry, iii) revolutionary technology, and iv) focused product strategy. 3) Ever-changing business environment, fitness landscape, meant that static strategies are no longer feasible. The affect of every decision have direct implications for the industry at large, thus changing the landscape. Therefore, constant awareness and mobility are most important to survive in emerging industries.

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Bakgrund: Ett vanligt förekommande antagande inom företagsekonomin är att företag som är först in på en marknad ofta har långtgående konkurrensfördelar som efterföljande företag har svårt att konkurrera med. På senare tid har forskningens användbarhet börjat bli ifrågasatt. Det empiriska underlaget som forskningsfältet vilar på kritiseras för att vara för homogent. Forskningen är ofta gjord på industriella företag med specifika inträdesbarriärer. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka faktorerna som avgör en first-movers fördelar samt resultatet av fördelarna. Studien undersöker företag som levererar färdiga matkassar på internet i Sverige. Med hjälp av en metodologisk triangulering kommer ett bidrag att göras till forskningsfältet. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Det teoretiska ramverk som använts i undersökningen är first-mover advantage och Later-entrant advantage. Avgränsning: Undersökningen är avgränsad till att undersöka registrerade bolag i Sverige som levererar färdigplanerade matkassar på internet. Urvalet för den kvantitativa undersökningen består av 15 företag. I den kvalitativa undersökningen, består urvalet av 5 företag. Metod: Undersökningen är uppdelad i två delar där två olika metoder användes. Dels en kvantitativ undersökning och en kvalitativ undersökning. En metodtriangulering genomfördes för att öka samstämmigheten i undersökningen. Information om de 15 företagen hämtades från olika typer av dokument, som årsredovisningar och pressmeddelanden. I den kvalitativa undersökningen genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med olika nyckelpersoner på företagen

Background: A common assumption in business research is that first-movers in new markets often tends to have competitive advantages that sequent companies find difficult to compete with. Recently the formal research usability has begun to be questioned. The empirical basis there search of this area rests on, is criticized of being too homogenous. The research that’s been done have often focused on specific industries with certain types of entry barriers. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study if there are benefits to being a first-mover in the industry for grocery bags online. The study will use a methodological triangulation in an effort to make a methodological contribution in this research field. Theory: The theoretical framework used in the study is First-mover advantage and Later-entrant advantage. Delimitations: The quantitative part of the study will analyze 15 companies dealing with grocery bags online in Sweden. In the qualitative part of the study a delineation of the population will be made. Five companies were chosen for this part of the study. Methodology: A methodological triangulation was used to increase coherence in the study. Information about the 15 companies consisted of different types of documents such as annual reports and press releases. In the qualitative part of the study semi-structured interviews with different respondents at the different companies was done. / Bakgrund: Ett vanligt förekommande antagande inom företagsekonomin är att företag som är först in på en marknad ofta har långtgående konkurrensfördelar som efterföljande företag har svårt att konkurrera med. På senare tid har forskningens användbarhet börjat bli ifrågasatt. Det empiriska underlaget som forskningsfältet vilar på kritiseras för att vara för homogent. Forskningen är ofta gjord på industriella företag med specifika inträdesbarriärer. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka faktorerna som avgör en first-movers fördelar samt resultatet av fördelarna. Studien undersöker företag som levererar färdiga matkassar på internet i Sverige. Med hjälp av en metodologisk triangulering kommer ett bidrag att göras till forskningsfältet. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Det teoretiska ramverk som använts i undersökningen är first-mover advantage och Later-entrant advantage. Avgränsning: Undersökningen är avgränsad till att undersöka registrerade bolag i Sverige som levererar färdigplanerade matkassar på internet. Urvalet för den kvantitativa undersökningen består av 15 företag. I den kvalitativa undersökningen, består urvalet av 5 företag. Metod: Undersökningen är uppdelad i två delar där två olika metoder användes. Dels en kvantitativ undersökning och en kvalitativ undersökning. En metodtriangulering genomfördes för att öka samstämmigheten i undersökningen. Information om de 15 företagen hämtades från olika typer av dokument, som årsredovisningar och pressmeddelanden. I den kvalitativa undersökningen genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med olika nyckelpersoner på företagen.

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Procter & Gamble has operated nearly 300 branded products and outsold in more than 140 nations worldwide these days. Among these products, P&G has its innovative research and developes abilities to introduce the brand new infant merchandise ¡V Pampers diapers. P&G is usually not a first mover but Pampers is the state of art product for little infants in the globe. Soon after Pampers¡¦ existence, this unique product has benefited countless mothers to nourish their little ones. In many years, Pampers has played the pioneer character and its leadership in the baby diapers market. Thus, this research study will be focused on P&G¡¦s product, Pampers, to discover P&G¡¦s first mover advantages. In the meantime, this paper will also study how much advantage first mover has in the consumer products industry, where these advantages come from, and how to maintain them. In addition, this research study will examine other unique competitiveness in Taiwan¡¦s diapers¡¦ market for infants. This research study has discovered that Pampers has several first mover advantages and they are as follows: 1. The sequence of entering a market is not necessary related to the market shares but a brand has the most effectiveness when it first enters the market 2. When this particular industry has low competiveness but high entering barriers, or when a specific product lifecycle is in the introduction stage or growing stage, the first mover has more advantages when entering this market 3. The entering sequence has effectiveness to the price elasticity, production cost, and advertisement cost. The marketing combination has higher effectiveness in the long turn market 4. In the high penetration market, the first mover has more powerful competitive advantages 5. The marketing abilities will enhance first mover¡¦s brand equity

In this dissertation, I strive to enhance our understanding of the effect of entry timing on firm performance using both empirical and formal modeling techniques. I accomplish this through addressing three major unanswered issues in entry timing research. In the first essay of my dissertation, I theoretically examine the effect of selection bias on entry timing associated performance outcomes via the introduction of a novel concept called First-mover Benefits (FMB) which is both theoretically and empirically distinct from the traditional First-mover Advantages (FMA) concept. The second essay of my dissertation empirically investigates this distinction in a unique entrepreneurial setting: the marijuana retailing industry in the State of Washington. The randomized order of entry into the geographically separate jurisdictions in Washington State via the lottery system gives me the opportunity to look at the overlooked effects of two key macrocontingencies: market growth rate and rivalry intensity without any selection bias concern. The main result of this essay indicates that pioneering advantages are more likely to be found in markets with higher level of rivalry intensity. My final essay focuses on the sustainability dimension of pioneering advantage. Taking advantage of the Washington State marijuana retailing industry dataset that eliminates the selection bias issue, I examine how long entry timing associated performance benefits are sustained in this nascent industry context. I find that pioneering advantages last for only four quarters. Overall, this dissertation helps partially resolve the longstanding controversy surrounding the potential effect of entry timing on performance.

In recent years, the size of the sporting goods industry in mainland China is developing so rapidly that led many Chinese national sports brand to the market. Among them, the most representative brands, Li Ning and Anta, not only have outstanding performances in the Chinese market, but more gradually into the international sports market. But sporting goods industry as a mature market, especially under the domination of international brands such as NIKE and ADIDAS, it is very difficult for a new luxury brand to survive as a late-mover. In this research, based on New Business Model (Hamel, 2000) and Second-Mover Advantage Theory (Varadarajan et al, 1992), developing a structural model to discuss how could a new sporting goods brand succeed competing with existing brands and go international. Li Ning and Anta, two new China sproting brands, are taken as our study cases. Several important findings are as following: 1. The national character is the competitive advantage of the sporting goods company. Companies should integrate into the China element in the product, and also go to explore the spirit of China's unique culture. 2. Differentiation from competitors through brand positioning, to find their own niche markets. 3. Through continued sponsorship of international competition, the well-known players, not only can produce international visibility, and better able to establish its brand image. 4. China's overall environment provides the opportunity to develop sporting goods company. Key Words: Li Ning, Anta, Sporting Brands, Second-Mover, Competitive advantage