L’étude des polysaccharides de Plantago notata Lagasca. (Plantaginaceae) et Urginea noctiflora Batt. et Trab (Liliaceae), deux plantes spontanées à caractère médicinal récoltées au Sahara Septentrional Est Algérien, a permis d’isoler plusieurs fractions polysaccharidiques hydro- et alcali-solubles. Les analyses de la composition globale de ces fractions ont montré que l’extrait des graines de P.notata est la fraction la plus riche en oses totaux (85,55 %). Cette étude a consisté essentiellement en à définir les conditions d’extraction des polysaccharides hydro solubles, à en identifier la structure, à en caractériser les propriétés physico-chimiques et à explorer les activités biologiques. Ce travail a conduit à l’identification d’un hétéroxylane de haute masse molaire (2,3 x 106 g/mol). Ce polysaccharide est constitué d’une chaîne principale de β-(1,3)-d-Xylp et β-(1,4)-d-Xylp substituée en positions O-2 et O-3 de β-(1,4)-d-Xylp par des chaines latérales et des monosaccharides terminales  comme α-l-Araf-(1,3)-β-d-Xylp, β-d-Xylp-(1,2)-β-d-Xylp, T-Xylp ou T-Araf. L’analyse physico-chimique de ce polysaccharide dans des régimes dilués et semi-dilués a montré que l’hétéroxylane présente un comportement rhéofluidifiant, ayant des propriétés de gel faible. La mise en œuvre de la digestibilité de cette hétéroxylane a conduit à l’obtention d’un polymère non digestible avec des propriétés prébiotiques. / The study of polysaccharides of Plantago notata Lagasca (Plantaginaceae) and Urginea noctiflora Batt. and Trab (Liliaceae), two spontaneous medicinal plants harvested from East Septentrional Algerian Sahara, allowed to isolate several hydro-and alkali-soluble polysaccharides fractions. Chemical composition analyses of these fractions showed that P.notata seeds extract was the fraction that have the highest neutral sugars composition (85.55%). In this study we have defined an extraction procedure to collect water-soluble polysaccharides and characterized their structure, prior to investigate their physico-chemical properties and biological activities. Structural analyses have revealed that P.notata polysaccharide is a heteroxylan with a backbone composed of β-(1,3)-d-Xylpand β-(1,4)-d-Xylp. The backbone might be highly branched, through O-2 and O-3 positions of β-(1,4)-d-Xylp by various side chains and terminal monosaccharides such as α-l-Araf-(1,3)-β-d-Xylp, β-d-Xylp-(1,2)-β-d-Xylp, T-Xylp or T-Araf. The physico-chemical analysis of this polysaccharide in dilute and semi- diluted regimes showed that this heteroxylan exhibited a molecular weight of 2.3 x 106 g/mol and a pseudoplastic behavior. The use of the digestibility of this heteroxylan has led to the production of a non-digestible polymer with prebiotic properties.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:11:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO MARCIO ANDRE DE PAULA FARMACIA.pdf: 930244 bytes, checksum: 84ee19ed6dd9d6a0b3f3414561eb6a1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-26 / Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent is a small postage plant belonging to the Ulmaceae family, it has very flexible branches, usually in a crossed and overcoated form armed with spines. The leaves are short-petioled, ovals and have sizes that vary from 5-13 cm long and 3-7 cm wide. The tea obtained through it leaves is popularly used for body pain, rheumatism, chest pain, asthma, cramps, poor digestion, and as diuretic. Samples were collected in Campestre-GO, a exsiccates identified and deposited in the Herbarium of UFG under number 40110. It was performed macro and microscopic analysis and part of the botanical material was dried and ground to testing for moisture, total ash and acid insoluble ash, phytochemical screening and obtaining the aqueous extract of leaves of esporão-de-galo (EAEG). The EAEG was obtained by infusion of 3% of the powder of the leaves. Swiss mice (male adult, weighing between 25 to 35 g) were pre-treated orally with EAEG (70, 200 and 600 mg / kg), vehicle (water filtered 10 mL / kg) and ranitidine (50 mg / kg) before induction of gastric lesions by indomethacin (30 mg / kg sc), ethanol 75% (v / v) and by restraint stress and hypothermia. The effects of the extract on the volume, pH and total acidity of gastric secretion were evaluated by the method of pyloric ligation, and the treatments were performed by intraduodenal administration (id). It also assessed the influence of intestinal transit EAEG in animals with previous treatments made orally.. In macroscopic analysis were confirmed common characteristics of the species. In the microscopic analysis it was observed structures, such as: short and long trichomes, unicellular and pluricellular, epidermal cells of various sizes, cells containing druses, prismatic crystals and cystoliths. In phytochemical prospecting was detected the presence of mucilage and secondary metabolites as coumarins and flavonoids. The efficiency of the extraction process was 20%. In models of ulcers induced by different agents: indomethacin, ethanol and stress in doses of 70, 200 and 600 mg/kg, there was reduction in the number of injuries caused by these agents. When the EAEG was administered by intraduodenal route, there was reduction in the volume of total and free acidity of gastric secretion in mice with ligation of pylorus. In assessing the influence of EAEG on intestinal transit was observed increase only with the dose increased to 600 mg/kg. The results suggest that the EAEG contains active ingredients gastro protectors that do not reduce intestinal motility and may justify the popular use of the plant to gastritis and ulcers / A Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent é uma planta de pequeno porte pertencente à família Ulmaceae, possui ramos muito flexíveis, geralmente em forma de zigue-zague, compridos e armados de espinhos. As folhas são curto-pecioladas, ovado-oblongas ou ovadas e possui tamanhos que podem variar de 5-13 cm de comprimento e 3-7 cm de largura. O chá das folhas desta planta é usado popularmente para dores no corpo, reumatismo, dores no peito, asma, cólicas, mádigestão e como diurético. Amostras das folhas foram coletadas em Campestre-GO, identificadas e uma exsicata depositada no Herbário da UFG sob o nº 40110. Foram realizadas análises macro e microscópicas e parte do material botânico foi seco e triturado para a realização dos testes de umidade, cinzas totais e insolúveis em ácido, triagem fitoquímica e obtenção do extrato aquoso das folhas do esporão-degalo (EAEG). O EAEG foi obtido por infusão a 3% do pó das folhas. Camundongos Swiss (machos, adultos, pesando entre 25 35 g) foram pré-tratados oralmente com EAEG (70, 200 e 600 mg/kg), veículo (água filtrada 10 mL/kg) e ranitidina (50 mg/kg), antes da indução das lesões gástricas por endometacina (30 mg/kg s.c.), etanol 75% (v/v) e estresse por contenção e hipotermia. Os efeitos do extrato sobre o volume, pH e acidez total da secreção gástrica foram avaliados pelo método da ligadura pilórica, sendo que os tratamentos foram realizados por via intraduodenal (i.d.). Avaliou-se também a influência do EAEG no trânsito intestinal dos animais, com tratamentos prévios realizados por via oral. Na análise macroscópica observouse características comuns da espécie. Na análise microscópica observou-se estruturas, tais como: tricomas tectores curtos e longos, unicelulares e pluricelulares, células epidérmicas de tamanhos variados, células contendo drusas, cristais prismáticos e cistólitos. Na prospecção fitoquímica foi detectada a presença de mucilagem, cumarinas e flavonóides. O rendimento do processo extrativo para obtenção do EAEG foi de 20%. Nos modelos de úlceras induzidas pelos diferentes agentes: indometacina, etanol e estresse nas doses de 70, 200 e 600 mg/kg, observou-se redução do número de lesões provocadas por esses agentes. Quando o EAEG foi administrado pela via intraduodenal, observou-se diminuição do volume, da acidez livre e total da secreção gástrica em camundongos com ligadura de piloro. Na avaliação da influência do EAEG sobre o trânsito intestinal observou-se aumento somente com a dose de 600 mk/kg. Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho permitem sugerir que o EAEG contêm princípios ativos gastroprotetores que não reduzem a motilidade intestinal podendo justificar o uso popular da planta para tratar gastrites e úlceras