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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Implantação de um controlador multimodelos em uma coluna depropanizadora industrial. / Industrial implementation of a multi-model predictive controller in a depropanizer column.

Porfirio, Carlos Roberto 09 October 2001 (has links)
As colunas depropanizadoras existentes nas refinarias de petróleo têm como função a separação entre as correntes de propano e butano. O objetivo de controle nestas colunas é a especificação de um teor máximo de iso-butano e mais pesados (C4 +) na corrente de propano e do teor máximo de propano e mais leves (C3 -) na corrente de butano. Controladores multivariáveis tradicionais, que normalmente são implementados nas colunas depropanizadoras, apresentam grande dificuldade para manter os produtos dentro de suas especificações, isto se deve ao fato de que este processo apresenta um comportamento bastante não-linear ao longo de toda sua região de operação. Neste trabalho temos como objetivo estudar as dificuldades encontradas no projeto de controle para esse tipo de sistema e implantar na planta industrial um controlador multivariável utilizando múltiplos modelos para controle da coluna. Para realizarmos este estudo utilizamos o simulador de processos HYSYSÔ para verificarmos o comportamento estático e dinâmico do processo. Os modelos utilizados para representar o processo são aqueles obtidos durante o estudo do comportamento dinâmico. Para implantação do controlador na unidade industrial é utilizado o SICON (Sistema de Controle da Petrobras) sendo algumas de suas rotinas modificadas para permitir a inclusão dos múltiplos modelos. Durante o estudo são comparadas as performances dos controladores QDMC e MMPC (Multi-Model Predictive Control) resolvido através de um algoritmo para NLP (Non Linear Programming). O controlador multimodelos (MMPC) é apresentado na forma de variáveis de estado podendo controlar sistemas de grande porte, inclusive sistemas com dinâmicas lentas e rápidas. Esta formulação permite prever as variáveis controladas em instantes de tempo esparsos e diferentes para cada controlada. O MMPC é capaz de tratar problemas de controle não-linear usando modelos lineares, introduzindo o conceito de robustez com a utilização do conjunto de modelos. O MMPC exige um menor esforço de sintonia que o QDMC sendo adequado para uma região mais ampla de operação. / Depropanizer columns are used in oil refineries for the separation of the propane stream from the butane stream. The control objective of these columns is the specification of a maximum content of iso-butane and heavier components (C4+) in the propane product and the maximum content of propane and lighter components (C3-) in the butane roduct. Multivariable controllers usually mplemented in depropanizer columns frequently resent great difficulty to maintain the products inside their specification ranges. This deficiency is due to the fact that the process presents a quite non-linear behavior along its operating window. The objective of the present work is to study the difficulties found in the design of the control system for the aforesaid process, and to implement in an industrial plant a multivariable controller using multiple models for the control of the separation column. To accomplish this study we used the HYSYSÔ process simulator to verify the static and dynamic behavior of the process. The models used to represent the real process in the controller are those obtained during the study of the dynamic behavior. The controller implementation in the industrial unit was done with SICON (Control System of Petrobras), which had some of its routines modified to allow the inclusion of multiple models. Along the work, performances of QDMC and MMPC(Multi-Model Predictive Control) controllers were compared. MMPC was solved through an algorithm for NLP (Non Linear Programming). The Multi-Model (MMPC) controller was implemented using a state space formulation which allows for the implementation of very large systems and besides, systems with simultaneous slow and fast dynamics. This formulation allows to foresee the controlled variables at sparse sample instants, that can be distinct for each controlled variable. MMPC is able to handle non-linear control problems using linear models by introducing the robustness concept with the use of a set of models. MMPC demands a smaller tuning effort than QDMC, and can be adapted to a wide range of operating conditions.
2

MPC adaptativo - multimodelos para controle de sistemas não-lineares. / MPC adaptive - multimodels for control of nonlinear systems.

Paula, Neander Alessandro da Silva 14 April 2009 (has links)
Durante a operação de um controlador MPC, a planta pode ir para outro ponto de operação principalmente pela decisão operacional ou pela presença de perturbações medidas/não-medidas. Assim, o modelo do controlador deve ser adaptado para a nova condição de operação favorecendo o controle sob as novas condições. Desta forma, as condições ótimas de controle podem ser alcançadas com a maior quantidade de modelos identificados e com um controlador adaptativo que seja capaz de selecionar o melhor modelo. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia de controle adaptativo com identificação on-line do melhor modelo o qual pertence a um conjunto previamente levantado. A metodologia proposta considera um controlador em duas camadas e a excitação do processo através de um sinal GBN na camada de otimização com o controlador em malha fechada. Está sendo considerada a validação deste controlador adaptativo através da comparação dos resultados com duas diferentes técnicas Controlador MMPC e Identificação ARX, para a comprovação dos bons resultados desta metodologia. / During the operation of a MPC, the plant can change the operation point mainly due to management decision or due to the presence of measured or unmeasured disturbances. Thus, the model of the controller must be adapted to improve the control in the new operation conditions. In such a way, a better control policy can be achieved if a large number of models are identified at the possible operation points and it is available an adaptive controller that is capable of selecting the best model. In this work is presented a methodology of adaptive control with on-line identification of the most adequate model which belongs to a set of models previously obtained. The proposed methodology considers a two-layer controller and process excitation by a GBN signal in the LP optimization layer with the controller in closed loop mode. It is also presented the adaptive controller validation by comparing the proposed approach with two different techniques - MMPC and ARX Identification, to confirm the good results with this new methodology to the adaptive controller.
3

Implantação de um controlador multimodelos em uma coluna depropanizadora industrial. / Industrial implementation of a multi-model predictive controller in a depropanizer column.

Carlos Roberto Porfirio 09 October 2001 (has links)
As colunas depropanizadoras existentes nas refinarias de petróleo têm como função a separação entre as correntes de propano e butano. O objetivo de controle nestas colunas é a especificação de um teor máximo de iso-butano e mais pesados (C4 +) na corrente de propano e do teor máximo de propano e mais leves (C3 -) na corrente de butano. Controladores multivariáveis tradicionais, que normalmente são implementados nas colunas depropanizadoras, apresentam grande dificuldade para manter os produtos dentro de suas especificações, isto se deve ao fato de que este processo apresenta um comportamento bastante não-linear ao longo de toda sua região de operação. Neste trabalho temos como objetivo estudar as dificuldades encontradas no projeto de controle para esse tipo de sistema e implantar na planta industrial um controlador multivariável utilizando múltiplos modelos para controle da coluna. Para realizarmos este estudo utilizamos o simulador de processos HYSYSÔ para verificarmos o comportamento estático e dinâmico do processo. Os modelos utilizados para representar o processo são aqueles obtidos durante o estudo do comportamento dinâmico. Para implantação do controlador na unidade industrial é utilizado o SICON (Sistema de Controle da Petrobras) sendo algumas de suas rotinas modificadas para permitir a inclusão dos múltiplos modelos. Durante o estudo são comparadas as performances dos controladores QDMC e MMPC (Multi-Model Predictive Control) resolvido através de um algoritmo para NLP (Non Linear Programming). O controlador multimodelos (MMPC) é apresentado na forma de variáveis de estado podendo controlar sistemas de grande porte, inclusive sistemas com dinâmicas lentas e rápidas. Esta formulação permite prever as variáveis controladas em instantes de tempo esparsos e diferentes para cada controlada. O MMPC é capaz de tratar problemas de controle não-linear usando modelos lineares, introduzindo o conceito de robustez com a utilização do conjunto de modelos. O MMPC exige um menor esforço de sintonia que o QDMC sendo adequado para uma região mais ampla de operação. / Depropanizer columns are used in oil refineries for the separation of the propane stream from the butane stream. The control objective of these columns is the specification of a maximum content of iso-butane and heavier components (C4+) in the propane product and the maximum content of propane and lighter components (C3-) in the butane roduct. Multivariable controllers usually mplemented in depropanizer columns frequently resent great difficulty to maintain the products inside their specification ranges. This deficiency is due to the fact that the process presents a quite non-linear behavior along its operating window. The objective of the present work is to study the difficulties found in the design of the control system for the aforesaid process, and to implement in an industrial plant a multivariable controller using multiple models for the control of the separation column. To accomplish this study we used the HYSYSÔ process simulator to verify the static and dynamic behavior of the process. The models used to represent the real process in the controller are those obtained during the study of the dynamic behavior. The controller implementation in the industrial unit was done with SICON (Control System of Petrobras), which had some of its routines modified to allow the inclusion of multiple models. Along the work, performances of QDMC and MMPC(Multi-Model Predictive Control) controllers were compared. MMPC was solved through an algorithm for NLP (Non Linear Programming). The Multi-Model (MMPC) controller was implemented using a state space formulation which allows for the implementation of very large systems and besides, systems with simultaneous slow and fast dynamics. This formulation allows to foresee the controlled variables at sparse sample instants, that can be distinct for each controlled variable. MMPC is able to handle non-linear control problems using linear models by introducing the robustness concept with the use of a set of models. MMPC demands a smaller tuning effort than QDMC, and can be adapted to a wide range of operating conditions.
4

MPC adaptativo - multimodelos para controle de sistemas não-lineares. / MPC adaptive - multimodels for control of nonlinear systems.

Neander Alessandro da Silva Paula 14 April 2009 (has links)
Durante a operação de um controlador MPC, a planta pode ir para outro ponto de operação principalmente pela decisão operacional ou pela presença de perturbações medidas/não-medidas. Assim, o modelo do controlador deve ser adaptado para a nova condição de operação favorecendo o controle sob as novas condições. Desta forma, as condições ótimas de controle podem ser alcançadas com a maior quantidade de modelos identificados e com um controlador adaptativo que seja capaz de selecionar o melhor modelo. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia de controle adaptativo com identificação on-line do melhor modelo o qual pertence a um conjunto previamente levantado. A metodologia proposta considera um controlador em duas camadas e a excitação do processo através de um sinal GBN na camada de otimização com o controlador em malha fechada. Está sendo considerada a validação deste controlador adaptativo através da comparação dos resultados com duas diferentes técnicas Controlador MMPC e Identificação ARX, para a comprovação dos bons resultados desta metodologia. / During the operation of a MPC, the plant can change the operation point mainly due to management decision or due to the presence of measured or unmeasured disturbances. Thus, the model of the controller must be adapted to improve the control in the new operation conditions. In such a way, a better control policy can be achieved if a large number of models are identified at the possible operation points and it is available an adaptive controller that is capable of selecting the best model. In this work is presented a methodology of adaptive control with on-line identification of the most adequate model which belongs to a set of models previously obtained. The proposed methodology considers a two-layer controller and process excitation by a GBN signal in the LP optimization layer with the controller in closed loop mode. It is also presented the adaptive controller validation by comparing the proposed approach with two different techniques - MMPC and ARX Identification, to confirm the good results with this new methodology to the adaptive controller.
5

Outils de pré-calibration numérique des lois de commande de systèmes de systèmes : application aux aides à la conduite et au véhicule autonome / Tuning tools for systems of systems control : application to driving assistances and to autonomous vehicle

Mustaki, Simon Éliakim 08 July 2019 (has links)
Cette thèse est dédiée à la pré-calibration des nouveaux systèmes d’aides à la conduite (ADAS). Le développement de ces systèmes est devenu aujourd’hui un axe de recherche stratégique pour les constructeurs automobiles dans le but de proposer des véhicules plus sûrs et moins énergivores. Cette thèse contribue à une vision méthodologique multi-critère, multi-modèle et multi-scénario. Elle en propose une instanciation particulière pour la pré-calibration spécifique au Lane Centering Assistance (LCA). Elle s’appuie sur des modèles dynamiques de complexité juste nécessaire du véhicule et de son environnement pour, dans le cadre du formalisme H2/H∞, formaliser et arbitrer les compromis entre performance de suivi de voie, confort des passagers et robustesse. Les critères élaborés sont définis de manière à être d’interprétation aisée, car directement liés à la physique, et facilement calculables. Ils s’appuient sur des modèles de perturbations exogènes (e.g. courbure de la route ou rafale de vent) et de véhicules multiples mais représentatifs, de manière à réduire autant que possible le pessimisme tout en embrassant l’ensemble des situations réalistes. Des simulations et des essais sur véhicules démontrent l’intérêt de l’approche. / This thesis deals with the tuning of the new Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS). The development of these systems has become nowadays a strategic line of research for the automotive industry towards the conception of safer and fuel-efficient vehicles.This thesis contributes to a multi-criterion, multi-modeland multi-scenario methodological vision of the tuning process. It is presented through a specific application of the tuning of the Lane Centering Assistance (LCA). It relies on vehicle and environment’s dynamical models of adequate complexity in the aim of formalizing and managing, in a H2/H∞ framework, the trade-off between performance, comfort and robustness. The formulated criteria are easy to compute and defined in a way to be understandable, closely linked to practical specifications. The whole methodology is driven by the research of a pertinent trade-off between realism (being as closest as possible to reality) and complexity (quick evaluation of the criterion). The efficiency and the robustness of the approach is demonstrated through high-fidelity simulations and numerous tests on real vehicles.
6

Contribution à la commande d'un train de véhicules intelligents / Contribution to intelligent vehicle platoon control

Zhao, Jin 02 September 2010 (has links)
Ce mémoire est consacré à la mise en œuvre de commandes d'un train de véhicules intelligents sur autoroute ayant pour objectifs principaux de réduire la congestion et d’améliorer la sécurité routière. Après avoir présenté l'état de l'art sur des systèmes de conduite automatisée, des modèles de la dynamique longitudinale et latérale du véhicule sont présentés. Ensuite, des stratégies de contrôle longitudinal et latéral sont étudiées.D'abord, le contrôle longitudinal est conçu pour être hiérarchique avec un contrôleur de niveau supérieur et un contrôleur de niveau inférieur. Pour celui de niveau supérieur, une régulation d'inter-distance SSP (Safety Spacing Policy) est proposée. Nous avons constaté que la SSP peut assurer la stabilité de la chaîne et la stabilité des flux de trafic et augmenter ainsi la capacité de trafic. Puis, pour celui de niveau inférieur, une loi de commande floue coordonnée est proposée pour gérer l'accélérateur et le freinage. Ensuite, une loi de commande multi-modèle floue est conçue pour le contrôle latéral. De plus, pour réaliser des transformations lisses entre les différentes opérations latérales, une architecture de contrôle hiérarchique est proposée. Puis, l'intégration des commandes longitudinale et latérale est étudiée. Enfin, l'estimation des variables d’états du véhicule est discutée. Un filtre de Kalman-Bucy est conçu pour estimer les états du véhicule. En outre, un prototype de véhicule intelligent à échelle réduite est également présenté. Les performances des divers algorithmes de commande proposés ont été testées par simulations, et les résultats ont été confirmés par les premières expériences en utilisant le prototype / This PhD thesis is dedicated to the control strategies for intelligent vehicle platoon in highway with the main aims of alleviating traffic congestion and improving traffic safety. After a review of the different existing automated driving systems, the vehicle longitudinal and lateral dynamic models are derived. Then, the longitudinal control and lateral control strategies are studied respectively. At first, the longitudinal control system is designed to be hierarchical with an upper level controller and a lower level controller. For the upper level controller, a safety spacing policy (SSP) is proposed. It is shown that the proposed SSP can ensure string stability, traffic flow stability and improve traffic capacity. Then, a coordinated throttle and brake fuzzy controller (lower level controller) is designed, in which a logic switch is designed to coordinate the two actuators (throttle and brake pedals). Second, for the lateral control, a multi-model fuzzy controller is designed. And a hierarchical lateral control architecture is also proposed, which can effectuate flexible switch between different lateral operations. After that, the integration of the longitudinal controller and lateral controller is also studied. Finally, the estimation of vehicle states is discussed. A Kalman-Bucy filter is designed to estimate vehicle states in lateral dynamics. Moreover, a reduced scale multi-sensor intelligent vehicle prototype is also presented. The performances of the divers control algorithms proposed in this thesis have been tested in numerical simulations, and the first step experiments with the reduced scale vehicle prototype gave encouraging results

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