Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O trabalho identifica quais os fatores sistêmicos e domésticos que influenciam na formulação da política externa brasileira para o setor financeiro, com foco no período posterior à crise financeira de 2008. Para esse fim, a pesquisa analisa os atores domésticos que atuam no processo decisório de formulação da política externa para o setor financeiro, assim como seus interesses. Os órgãos federais ? nomeadamente o Ministério da Fazenda, o Banco Central e o Ministério das Relações Exteriores ? são os atores mais influentes nesse processo. O setor privado, apesar de dispor de capacidades políticas, delega a sua participação ao governo, assumindo uma postura reativa. Por sua vez, a sociedade civil tem pouca influência nesse processo. O cenário internacional tem papel de destaque nesse processo, pois restringe as ações do país, de acordo com a posição na hierarquia de poder. Após a estabilização econômica brasileira e a crise que abalou os mercados do Norte, o Brasil encontra-se mais livre em sua atuação internacional. Com isso, há um processo de repolitização da política externa para o setor financeiro, em que, no plano internacional, o Brasil coopera com outros países emergentes para demandar a redistribuição de poder decisório; e no plano doméstico, atores que antes não exerciam grande influência passam a ter. / The present research identifies systemic and domestic factors that exert influence on the decision making of the Brazilian foreign policy for the financial sector, mainly after the 2008 financial crisis period. To fulfill this aim, the research analyzes the domestic actors who are active in the foreign policy formulation process, as well as their interests. Brazilian federal agencies - including the Ministry of Finance, the Central Bank and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - are the most participative actors in this process. Despite having political power, the private sector delegates its involvement to the government, assuming a reactive stance. On an opposing way, civil society has little influence in this process. The international order has an important role in this process because it restricts the country actions, according to its position in power hierarchy. After Brazilian economic stabilization and the 2008 financial breakdown which plunged North markets into crisis, Brazil has more freedom to act in the international field. As a result, there is a process of re-politicization of foreign policy for the financial sector, in which, at the international level, Brazil cooperates with other emerging countries demanding the redistribution of decision-making power, and domestically, actors who had not previously had great influence now emerge

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O trabalho identifica quais os fatores sistêmicos e domésticos que influenciam na formulação da política externa brasileira para o setor financeiro, com foco no período posterior à crise financeira de 2008. Para esse fim, a pesquisa analisa os atores domésticos que atuam no processo decisório de formulação da política externa para o setor financeiro, assim como seus interesses. Os órgãos federais ? nomeadamente o Ministério da Fazenda, o Banco Central e o Ministério das Relações Exteriores ? são os atores mais influentes nesse processo. O setor privado, apesar de dispor de capacidades políticas, delega a sua participação ao governo, assumindo uma postura reativa. Por sua vez, a sociedade civil tem pouca influência nesse processo. O cenário internacional tem papel de destaque nesse processo, pois restringe as ações do país, de acordo com a posição na hierarquia de poder. Após a estabilização econômica brasileira e a crise que abalou os mercados do Norte, o Brasil encontra-se mais livre em sua atuação internacional. Com isso, há um processo de repolitização da política externa para o setor financeiro, em que, no plano internacional, o Brasil coopera com outros países emergentes para demandar a redistribuição de poder decisório; e no plano doméstico, atores que antes não exerciam grande influência passam a ter. / The present research identifies systemic and domestic factors that exert influence on the decision making of the Brazilian foreign policy for the financial sector, mainly after the 2008 financial crisis period. To fulfill this aim, the research analyzes the domestic actors who are active in the foreign policy formulation process, as well as their interests. Brazilian federal agencies - including the Ministry of Finance, the Central Bank and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - are the most participative actors in this process. Despite having political power, the private sector delegates its involvement to the government, assuming a reactive stance. On an opposing way, civil society has little influence in this process. The international order has an important role in this process because it restricts the country actions, according to its position in power hierarchy. After Brazilian economic stabilization and the 2008 financial breakdown which plunged North markets into crisis, Brazil has more freedom to act in the international field. As a result, there is a process of re-politicization of foreign policy for the financial sector, in which, at the international level, Brazil cooperates with other emerging countries demanding the redistribution of decision-making power, and domestically, actors who had not previously had great influence now emerge

Due to the globalization of economy, the protection of intellectual property rights becomes very important, not only on a national and local basis but also on an international basis. The evidence is coming from the negotiation and ultimately the inclusion of the TRIPS Agreement, or Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, into the World Trade Organization. In the TRIPS Agreement, one of the protections to a local intellectual property on an international level is the protection of geographical indications, and such protection can be found in Articles 22 through 24 of the TRIPS Agreement. Geographical indications identify goods as originating in a particular territory or region, and also indicate quality by letting consumers know that the goods come from an area where a given quality, reputation, or other characteristic of the goods is essentially attributable to their geographical origin. The protection of geographical indications has always been on the table and been mentioned in various international treaties, and eventually came together under the TRIPS Agreement. The different ways for geographical indications protection is examined in order to understand the different national regulations used in various countries as a tool to protect the geographical indications, hence, to protect intellectual property rights. The major issue regards the scope of protection is the extension of the TRIPS Article 23; diverse opinions and suggestions are coming from US and EU, the two biggest sovereignties. This also can be seen in the result of the WTO dispute case of EC – Trademarks and Geographical Indications. The future developments such as the negotiations for a multilateral system of register for geographical indications, the progress of developing countries toward protection of geographical indications and the involvement of the traditional knowledge, all play very crucial roles on the enforcement of geographical indications protection. This paper will explore all these matters.