Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsisSL_DISSERT.pdf: 849712 bytes, checksum: 3292c946a295ab825e4bdace18364a27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The population aging process increases the number of elderly people worldwide. In Brazil, a country of continental size, this process began in the 40s and happens with specific features in each of the different region s realities. This way, this thesis aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a elderly s quality of life (QOL) scale, the WHOQOL-old, in a population of the Northeast of Brazil. We sought to investigate the congruence between the content covered by the scale and the ones deemed as relevant by the participants. It aimed also study the validity evidences of the instrument s internal structure. To achieve the research objectives we adopted the design of multiple methods. The research was organized in two studies. For data collection, both studies used a sociodemographic questionnaire to obtain a profile of the participants and the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), used as exclusion criterion. A number of 18 elderly residents of the cities of Natal-RN and Campina Grande-PB, mean age of 73.3 years (SD = 5.9) took part od the study, They were organized into three focal groups (FG) in witch they discussed about the concept of QOL, what enhance and what hinders QOL. For Study II, a quantitative approach, 335 elderly from Campina Grande responded scale WHOQOL-old. They are between 65 and 99 years (M = 74.17, SD = 6.5). The FG data were analyzed by categorical thematic content. For the data analysis of the WHOQOL-old scale were used exploratory factor analysis and calculation of the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The results of both studies were triangulated. According to the discussions in the FG, health and social participation have central roles in quality of life. Social participation is related to all the other QOL s influences raised. The participants indicated the relevance of religiosity and were divided about the importance of sexual activity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted a model of six factors. Two items (OLD_3 and OLD_9), not loaded on any factor and were excluded. The other items had factor loadings > 0.3. The response categories were reduced from five to three. After the scale changes, the empirical model showed better fit (-2loglikelihood = 8993.90, BIC and AIC = 9183.90 = 9546.24) than the theoretical model (-2loglikelihood = 18390.88, AIC = 18678.88 and BIC = 19228.11). Despite the best information criterion values, the RMESA remained above the ideal (0.06). We conclude that the WHOQOL-old presents psychometric parameters below the ideal when used with the Northeast population, but the improvements made the scale s use acceptable. The WHOQOL-old uses observable variables that matches with the participants' perceptions on quality of life. However, new strategies must be tested for a better sacale refinement / O envelhecimento populacional aumenta o n?mero de idosos em todo mundo. No Brasil, pa?s de tamanho continental, esse processo come?ou na d?cada de 40 e acontece com caracter?sticas espec?ficas em suas diferentes realidades. Dentro dessa perspectiva, a presente disserta??o teve o objetivo de avaliar as propriedades psicom?tricas da escala de avalia??o da qualidade de vida (QV) de idosos, WHOQOL-old, em uma popula??o de nordestinos. Buscou-se investigar a congru?ncia entre os conte?dos abordados pela escala e aqueles considerados relevantes pelos participantes; e estudar as evid?ncias de validade de estrutura interna do instrumento. Para atingir os objetivos da pesquisa foi adotado o desenho de m?todos m?ltiplos. A pesquisa foi organizada em dois estudos. Como instrumento de coleta de dados comum a ambos, foi utilizado question?rio sociodemogr?fico para tra?ar o perfil dos participantes e o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), que serviu como crit?rio de exclus?o. O Estudo I, de abordagem qualitativa, contou com a participa??o de 18 idosos moradores das cidades de Natal-RN e Campina Grande-PB, m?dia de idade de 73,3 anos (DP = 5,9), divididos em tr?s grupos focais (GF) que discutiram o conceito de QV, o que ajuda e o que atrapalha a QV. Para o estudo II, de abordagem quantitativa, 335 idosos de Campina Grande, entre 65 e 99 anos (M = 74,17; DP = 6,5) responderam a escala WHOQOL-old. Os dados dos GF foram submetidos ? an?lise categorial tem?tica de conte?do; e para an?lise dos dados da escala WHOQOL-old foram utilizados an?lise fatorial explorat?ria e c?lculo dos crit?rios de informa??o de Akaike e Bayesiana. Os resultados dos dois estudos foram triangulados. De acordo com as discuss?es nos GF, sa?de e participa??o social t?m pap?is centrais na qualidade de vida. A ?ltima estabelece rela??o com todos os demais temas suscitados. Os participantes indicam a relev?ncia da religiosidade e ficam divididos sobre a import?ncia da atividade sexual. Analise fatorial explorat?ria (EFA) extraiu um modelo de seis fatores. Dois itens (OLD_3 e OLD_9), n?o carregaram em nenhum fator e foram exclu?dos. Os demais itens apresentaram carga fatorial >0,3. As categorias de resposta foram reduzidas de cinco para tr?s. Ap?s as mudan?as na escala, o modelo emp?rico apresentou melhor ajuste (- 2loglikelihood = 8993,90; AIC = 9183,90 e BIC = 9546,24) que o modelo te?rico (- 2loglikelihood = 18390,88; AIC = 18678,88 e BIC = 19228,11). Apesar dos melhores valores de crit?rio de informa??o, o RMESA permaneceu acima do ideal (0,06). Conclui-se que o WHOQOL-old apresenta par?metros psicom?tricos abaixo do ideal na popula??o nordestina, mas as melhorias o tornaram sua utiliza??o aceit?vel. O instrumento WHOQOL-old utiliza vari?veis observ?veis que condizem com a percep??o dos participantes sobre qualidade de vida. No entanto, novas estrat?gias merecem ser testadas para refinamento da escala

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-02T21:52:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandraCavalcanteDeFarias_DISSERT.pdf: 2272145 bytes, checksum: ecb0271158d3fa62c6cdb8a649488995 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-05T20:34:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandraCavalcanteDeFarias_DISSERT.pdf: 2272145 bytes, checksum: ecb0271158d3fa62c6cdb8a649488995 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-05T20:34:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandraCavalcanteDeFarias_DISSERT.pdf: 2272145 bytes, checksum: ecb0271158d3fa62c6cdb8a649488995 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / As Mudan?as Clim?ticas Globais (MCGs) s?o geralmente divulgadas e discutidas como Aquecimento Global, denomina??o esta que restringe o problema a um aumento na temperatura. Muito al?m de tratar-se apenas de um aumento da temperatura mundial, as MCGs atingem atualmente a esfera das pol?ticas p?blicas, gerando interfer?ncias na vida dos seres humanos. ? importante ainda salientar que em se tratando das MCGs, existe uma dist?ncia temporal das consequ?ncias mais alarmantes do fen?meno, bem como da efic?cia das a??es de enfrentamento, que tem suas respostas a longo prazo. Torna-se, portanto, de extrema import?ncia a considera??o do futuro, de forma a pensarmos n?o s? nas mudan?as de comportamento refletindo na atualidade, mas em d?cadas e s?culos ? frente. Ao levar em considera??o que as crian?as de hoje experienciar?o as consequ?ncias mais graves do problema, o estudo em quest?o investigou como 46 crian?as de 7 a 10 anos, de duas escolas particulares natalenses percebem as MCGs a partir das informa??es que recebem sobre esse tema. O estudo adotou uma perspectiva multimetodol?gica, que envolveu t?cnicas combinadas de entrevista semiestruturada, desenho e grupo focal com as crian?as participantes, de modo a proporcionar uma abordagem l?dica adequada a esse p?blico. A an?lise dos dados integrou os resultados das tr?s t?cnicas, cujo conte?do possibilitou a cria??o de eixos tem?ticos, relacionados aos referenciais te?ricos dos estudos da Psicologia Ambiental. Os eixos tem?ticos assim obtidos foram: local-global, causa-consequ?ncia, impacto ? vida humana ? aos ecossistemas e mitiga??o ? adapta??o. Os resultados demonstraram que apesar da alta complexidade, os participantes puderam se expressar a respeito do tema, principalmente quando quest?es ambientais foram previamente trabalhadas no contexto escolar. Essa constata??o, aliada ao compromisso manifestado pelas crian?as com medidas de mitiga??o, fornece subs?dios importantes para o planejamento de projetos de educa??o ambiental para este p?blico. / Global Climate Changes (GCC) are generally disclosed and discussed as Global Warming (GW), a term that restricts the problem to an increase in temperature. Besides being just an increase in global temperature, GCC now reaches the public policies sphere, causing interference in the lives of human beings. It is important to point out that in the case of GCC there is a temporal detachment from the current moment to the most alarming consequences of the phenomenon, as well as uncertainty about the effectiveness of mitigation actions, which have their necessarily present long-term answers. It is therefore of utmost importance, consideration of the future, to think not only in behavior changes reflecting today, but in decades and centuries ahead. Taking into account that today's children will experience the most serious consequences of the problem sometime in the future, the study aimed to investigate how 46 children aged 7 a 10 years old from two private schools from Natal perceive GCC through the information they receive about this topic. The study adopted a multi-methodological perspective with the participating children, involving combined techniques of semi-structured interview, drawing and focus group, in order to provide a ludic approach appropriate to this audience. The analysis of the data integrated the results of the three techniques, whose content allowed the creation of thematic axes, related to the theoretical references of the environmental psychology literature. The thematic axes thus obtained were: local-global, cause-consequence, impact on human life ? on ecosystems and mitigation - adaptation. The results showed that despite the high complexity, the participants were able to express themselves about the theme, especially when the topics had been previously treated in the school context. This finding, together with the commitment expressed by children with mitigation measures, provides important subsidies for the planning of environmental education projects for this public.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianaCP_TESE.pdf: 2108734 bytes, checksum: 102e886b7f28f0cd367708f6a4bf60ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-23 / Funda??o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia / This study aimed at exploring and describing children s perceptions in threatened natural settings, specifically, the Rain Forest in Brazil. Several studies point to the significance of perceptions for people s pro-environmental attitudes and actions. We try to understand the person-environment interaction from an ecological perspective, and we present theoretical references for the understanding of how crucial nature is for psychological development and well-being. The children s drawings, individual interviews, discussion groups, photographies and informal and indirect sources, as teachers, brought material for the analysis. Participated in our study, carried on through a multi-method strategy, 209 children from six to eleven years old, living in the neighborhood of the Biological Reserve of Una, State of Bahia, created to protect Rain Forest fragments. The Rain Forest landscape is well portrayed in children s drawings, the vegetal elements prevailing over artificial and human elements. The figured plants and trees, however, are pointed with no precision as to their species. Most of the defined species are eatable. The children seem to be aware of the environment degradation, and of the importance of its conservation, but they describe episodes of hunting and feeding wild threatened animals. Our results indicate a utilitarian trend in the perception of living beings, in terms of their immediate usefulness for people. The multimethod approach seems to be appropriate to the complexity of the theme; the methodological strategies were well accepted by the children, offering them opportunities to express themselves. We observed how children, in different life phases, organize natural elements and processes in their drawings, and how these images relate to the local landscape. We discuss the results in the light of theoretical references of personenvironment studies and from previous investigations about children s perceptions of natural environment / Este estudo visou explorar e descrever as percep??es infantis de ambientes naturais protegidos, especificamente da Mata Atl?ntica no Brasil. Muitos estudos apontam a import?ncia das percep??es nas a??es pr?-ambientais ou pr?-ecol?gicas. Buscamos compreender a intera??o pessoa-ambiente a partir de perspectiva ecol?gica, e apresentamos tamb?m referenciais te?ricos para a compreens?o de como a natureza ? crucial para o bem-estar e o desenvolvimento psicol?gico. Os desenhos das crian?as, acrescidos de entrevista, grupo de discuss?o, fotografias, al?m de fontes informais e indiretas, como as professoras, forneceram material para tal an?lise. Participaram desta investiga??o explorat?ria, conduzida mediante estrat?gia multim?todos, 209 crian?as entre seis e onze anos de idade, vivendo no entorno da Reserva Biol?gica de Una, Estado da Bahia, criada para proteger fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica. A Mata Atl?ntica foi bem representada nos desenhos, os elementos vegetais predominando sobre os artificiais e humanos. Por?m, as plantas figuradas s?o assinaladas sem a precis?o de esp?cie. As esp?cies definidas, em sua maioria, s?o comest?veis. As crian?as parecem conscientes da degrada??o do ambiente e da import?ncia de sua conserva??o, mas tamb?m descrevem intera??es de ca?a e alimenta??o de esp?cies protegidas. Os resultados indicam tend?ncia utilitarista na percep??o dos seres vivos, quanto ? sua utilidade para as pessoas. A abordagem multim?todo foi adequada ? complexidade do fen?meno; as estrat?gias adotadas foram bem aceitas pelas crian?as e lhes ofereceram oportunidades para expressar-se. Observamos como as crian?as, em diferentes fases da vida, organizam os elementos e processos naturais em seus desenhos, e como estas imagens se relacionam ? paisagem local. Discutimos os resultados ? luz de referenciais te?ricos dos estudos pessoa-ambiente, e investiga??es precedentes acerca da percep??o infantil de ambientes naturais

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CYNTHIAFML_TESE.pdf: 4260965 bytes, checksum: d530470ff44413f536252f34785ca556 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This research aimed to evaluate the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, through its managers, professionals and users, having as its support the Theory of Belief and the Cognitive-Behavioral Theory. This is a multimethod research and is divided into three sub-studies. In the first study, nine managers answered to a semi-structured interview, to verify the knowledge and beliefs on SUS; the quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS software and the qualitative data were submitted to lexical analysis with support of ALCESTE software. In the second study, we have a descriptive correlational research in which the antecedent variables are related to working conditions in the family health units (FHUs) and to the professionals‟ profile; the corresponding variables refer to the evaluations of the FHS; a stratified probabilistic sample with 475 professionals, who answered to two scales, both consisting of three factors: Physical infrastructure, Material resources, and Treatment effectiveness, and data were analyzed using descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistics, with the aid of SPSS. The third study is a descriptive correlational research in which the antecedent variables refer to the treatment in the FHUs and to the users‟ profile, and the corresponding variables refer to the evaluations of the FHS, with a stratified non-probabilistic sample with 390 users, who contributed to the construction of a new scale with a factor, effectiveness in treatment, analyzed through descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistics, with the aid of SPSS. The results showed problems which start from management, under the shape of admission due to political indication and lack of knowledge on SUS and the FHS; they pass through the low tenure of professionals and insufficient professional; and they end up spreading all over the analyzed items: infrastructure of FHUs, material resources, professionals‟ training, accessibility and referral system. One concludes that, despite following an ideal model, the FHS is in need of changes with regard to the barriers to its operational reality / Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a ESF em Natal-RN, atrav?s de seus gestores, profissionais e usu?rios, embasada na Teoria das Cren?as e da Teoria Cognitivo-comportamental. Trata-se de uma proposta de multim?todos e encontra-se dividida em tr?s subestudos. No primeiro estudo, nove gestores responderam uma entrevista semiestruturada, para verificar o conhecimento e as cren?as sobre o SUS, sendo os dados quantitativos analisados com estat?stica descritiva com aux?lio do software SPSS e os dados qualitativos submetidos ? an?lise lexical com apoio do software ALCESTE. No segundo estudo, uma pesquisa descritiva correlacional na qual as vari?veis antecedentes referem-se ?s condi??es de trabalho nas Unidades de Sa?de da Fam?lia (USFs) e ao perfil dos profissionais e as vari?veis correspondentes referem-se ?s avalia??es da ESF; uma amostra probabil?stica estratificada com 475 profissionais, que responderam duas escalas, ambas compostas por tr?s fatores: Infraestrutura f?sica, Recursos materiais e Efici?ncia no atendimento, sendo os dados analisados por meio de estat?stica descritiva, bivariada e multivariada com aux?lio do SPSS. O terceiro estudo ? uma pesquisa descritiva correlacional na qual as vari?veis antecedentes referem-se ?s condi??es de atendimento nas USFs e ao perfil dos usu?rios, e as vari?veis correspondentes referem-se ?s avalia??es da ESF, com uma amostra n?o probabil?stica estratificada com 390 usu?rios, que contribu?ram para a constru??o de uma nova escala com um fator, efici?ncia no atendimento, analisado por meio estat?stica descritiva, bivariada e multivariada com aux?lio do SPSS. Os resultados mostraram problemas que come?am com a gest?o, sob a forma de admiss?o por indica??o pol?tica e falta de conhecimento sobre o SUS e a ESF; passam pela rotatividade e quantidade insuficiente de profissionais; e acabam disseminando-se por todos os itens analisados: infraestrutura e recursos materiais das USFs, capacita??o dos profissionais, acessibilidade e sistema de refer?ncia. Conclui-se que, apesar de seguir um modelo ideal, a ESF necessita de mudan?as em rela??o aos entraves de sua realidade operaciona

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RachelMG_DISSERT.pdf: 3405388 bytes, checksum: 8e5077fbfe2399f503b09347149f8965 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-28 / This dissertation investigates how the neighborhood of Cidade Nova, located in the western side of the of Natal, is perceived by its residents in order to understand its socio-environmental image, intending to contribute both to define strategies of urban intervention and environmental education in the area and to consolidate a methodology that addresses this kind of problem. The completion of field research used a multimethod strategy to study the socio-environmental image of urban areas. It consists of: (a) review of local history from literature research, data recorded by the City Hall, news published on the city's newspapers and interviews with former inhabitants, (b) application of questionnaires to inhabitants including emotions, visual perception, memory and local social activities, (c) development of a drawing of the district, (d) conducting focus groups with inhabitants, using as a starting point the results obtained in the previous activities. In steps "b" and "c" attended 32 neighborhood residents, 16 of them being Community Health Workers and other 16 persons appointed by them. In step "d" 10 individuals took part, divided into two groups. The result of the research showed a picture of residents coincident with the image conveyed by the media in relation to the issues: violence, garbage, public policy/social support and appreciation of the beauties of environmental (dunes and Parque da Cidade park). Although Cidade Nova has been regarded as a dirty, noisy and dangerous place, most of the participants say they enjoy living on the neighborhood. Overall, the results corroborate and gain theoretical explanations, as they are interrelated. The socio-environmental image is expressed for instance in the elements dunes, dump, railroad tracks and Central Avenue that gain symbolic connotation influenced by time and socio-economic context. The insecurity and other negative characteristics assigned by the inhabitants and the media are parallel to the place attachment, since the environmental legibility, the time/familiarity and territoriality offer inhabitants the preference for place of residence, setting up their social identity. / Esta disserta??o investiga a imagem s?cio-ambiental do bairro Cidade Nova, situado na zona Oeste de Natal-RN, tendo como base o modo como ele ? percebido por seus moradores, e pretendendo contribuir tanto para a defini??o de estrat?gias de interven??o urbana e de educa??o ambiental na ?rea, quanto para a consolida??o de um modo de abordagem para esse tipo de problem?tica. A realiza??o da pesquisa de campo recorreu a uma estrat?gia multim?todos e consiste em: (a) levantamento da hist?ria local a partir de estudo bibliogr?fico, dados registrados pela Prefeitura, not?cias veiculadas em jornais da cidade e entrevistas com moradores antigos; (b) aplica??o de question?rios a moradores, incluindo afetos, percep??o visual, mem?ria e atividades sociais no local; (c) elabora??o de desenho do bairro; (d) realiza??o de grupos focais com moradores, usando como ponto de partida os resultados obtidos nas atividades anteriores. Na etapa ―b‖ e ―c‖, participaram 32 moradores do bairro, sendo 16 Agentes Comunit?rios de Sa?de e 16 pessoas indicadas por eles. Na etapa ―d‖ participaram 10 pessoas, divididas em dois grupos. O resultado da pesquisa mostrou que imagem de Cidade Nova elaborada pelos moradores coincide com a imagem veiculada pela m?dia em rela??o aos aspectos: viol?ncia, lixo, pol?ticas p?blicas/apoio social e valoriza??o das belezas ambientais (dunas e Parque da Cidade). Embora tenham considerado o bairro um lugar sujo, barulhento e inseguro, a maioria dos participantes afirmam gostar de morar no local. De forma geral, os resultados obtidos corroboram e ganham explica??es te?ricas, ? medida que se inter-relacionam. A Imagem S?cio-Ambiental ? expressa, por exemplo, nos elementos dunas, lix?o, linha f?rrea e Avenida Central, que ganham conota??o simb?lica influenciada pelo tempo e pelo contexto s?cio-econ?mico. Assim, a inseguran?a e outras caracter?sticas negativas (atribu?das pelo morador e pela m?dia) s?o paralelas ao apego ao lugar, de modo que a legibilidade ambiental, o/a tempo/familiaridade e a territorialidade ajustam ao morador ?quele local de moradia, que afirma preferir com rela??o a outros pontos da cidade, configurando a sua identidade social.