Evozierte Potenziale werden bereits als Hilfsmittel zur Diagnosestellung der Multiplen Sklerose herangezogen. Das Spektrum der Verläufe der Erkrankung ist sehr unterschiedlich. Ziel der Studie war es, zu prüfen, ob visuell (VEP), somatosensibel (SEP) und Magnet- (MEP) evozierte Potentiale durch das Aufdecken klinisch noch stummer Läsionen eine prognostische Bedeutung haben. Es wurden 94 Patienten bei Erstvorstellung sowie zum 5-Jahres- und 10-Jahresverlaufszeitpunkt untersucht. Es wurde ein Zusammenhang von MEP- und SEP-Scores mit dem späteren Behinderungsgrad, gemessen in Form der EDSS nach fünf und zehn jahren gefunden, sofern die elektrophysiologischen Untersuchungen in den ersten beiden Jahren nach Erstmanifestation klinischer Symptome durchgeführt worden waren (Gruppe 1, 44 Patienten). Für Gruppe 2 (50 Patienten), deren Erstuntersuchung später im Verlauf stattgefunden hatte (im Mittel 9,6a) konnte keine prognostische Bedeutung gesehen werden. Die Durchführung multimodaler evozierter Potenziale ist kann somit eine Hilfestellung zur frühzeitigen Therapieentscheidung geben. / Evoked potentials (EP) have a role in making the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) but their implication for predicting the future disease course in MS is under debate. EP data of 94 MS patients examined at first presentation, and after five and ten years were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into two groups in relation to the prior duration of disease at the time point of first examination: group 1 patients (n-44) were first examined within two years after disease onset, and group 2 patients (n-50) at later time points. As primary measures sum scores were calculated for abnormalities of single and combined EP (visual (VEP), somatosensory (SEP), magnetic motor evoked potentials (MEP)). In patients examined early after disease onset (group 1), a significant predictive value for abnormal EP was found with MEP and SEP sum scores at first presentation correlating significantly with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) values after five years, while the VEP sum score was not. The cumulative number of abnormal MEP, SEP and VEP results also indicated higher degrees of disability (EDSS≥ 3.5) after five years. Combined pathological SEP and MEP findings at first presentation best predicted clinical disability (EDSS≥ 3.5) after five years (odds ratio 11.0). EP data and EDSS at first presentation were not significantly linked suggesting that EP abnormalities at least in part represented clinically silent lesions not mirrored by EDSS. For patients in later disease phases (group 2), no significant associations between EP data at first presentation and EDSS at five and ten years were detected. Together with clinical findings and MR imaging, combined EP data may help to identify patients at high risk of long-term clinical deterioration and guide decisions as to immunomodulatory treatment.

Kurze Inhaltszusammenfassung in der Originalsprache (deutsch) Multiple Sklerose ist die häufigste neurologische Erkrankung des jungen Erwachsenenalters, bei der es aufgrund noch ungeklärter Ursachen zur Zerstörung der Markscheiden im Zentralnervensystem kommt. Daraus ergibt sich eine Vielzahl von Behinderungen, die prinzipiell alle neurologischen Systeme betreffen können. Neben körperlichen Behinderungen können Depressive Störungen als häufige Begleiterkrankung auftreten. Behinderungen und Depressivität können die Lebensqualität der Patienten stark beeinträchtigen. Häufig fühlen sich Patienten nicht ausreichend über ihre Erkrankung informiert. Da viele Patienten eine aktive Rolle in Entscheidungsprozessen bezüglich ihrer Behandlung wünschen, ist eine adäquate Information jedoch unverzichtbar. Auch hinsichtlich der Krankheitsbewältigung kann Informationsvermittlung hilfreich sein. Bislang ungeklärt ist, inwieweit Patienten den Wunsch bzw. die Bereitschaft äußern, an speziellen Schulungsprogrammen teilzunehmen. In der vorliegenden Querschnittuntersuchung sollte das Schulungsbedürfnis sowie Interessensschwerpunkte der Informationsvermittlung von Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose erfragt werden. Es wurde der Einfluss von Depressivität, Lebensqualität, Grad der Behinderung und Krankheitsdauer untersucht. / MS is one of the most important neurological diseases.Multiple sclerosis is characterized by severe limitations of patients’ quality of life and substantial health care costs. Patient education is part of rehabilitation in chronic diseases.Largely unknown are the patients’ subjective educational needs and largely if MS-Patients want to take part in a special education-programm.

School-based speech-language therapists play a significant role in terms of education and rehabilitation in the lives of learners with multiple disabilities. Assessment forms a critical part of a speech-language therapist’s post description and is the cornerstone of any type of intervention. The assessment of learners with multiple disabilities poses as a great challenge to speech-language therapists. These challenges include a lack of guidelines, resources, appropriate standardized tests and the heterogeneity of the group of learners labelled as multiply disabled. This research project aimed at describing the methods of assessment that school-based speech-language therapists use when assessing learners with multiple disabilities. Additionally, these methods were compared to international best practice. The first phase of the study consisted of compiling a set of guidelines with the purpose of providing a framework for a proposed set of guidelines for the assessment of learners. These guidelines were based on the principles as recommended by the literature regarding best practice. Because a qualitative approach was adopted for this research project, the second phases consisted of data collection, utilising eight focus groups as well as document reviews. On average, each focus group consisted of two to four participants. The data was then analysed thematically and compared to a checklist. The results indicated that speech-language therapists encountered many obstacles when assessing learners with multiple disabilities. It was evident that the participating speech-language therapists assessed within a multidisciplinary team and that they used formal as well as informal methods of assessment with learners with multiple disabilities. Discrepancies were found between the collected data and the guidelines. The guidelines were then used to propose a way forward for speechlanguage therapists when assessing learners with multiple disabilities in schools in Gauteng.

Kwan Ho-yuet. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-[87]). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- An Overview on Transmitter Optimization --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Transmitter Precoding Methods --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Chip Waveform Optimization --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Signature Sequence Adaptation --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Receiver Optimization --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Nonlinear Optimization with Constraints --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Lagrange Multiplier Methods --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Penalty Function Methods --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Outline of Thesis --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- Transmitter Adaptation Scheme for AWGN Channels --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- System Model --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Adaptation Algorithm --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Receiver optimization --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Single-user transmitter optimization --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Decentralized transmission scheme --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Modification of the sequence adaptation algorithm --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Performance of the decentralized scheme --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- System Capacity with Target SNR Constraints --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Performance of modified sequences --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6 --- Summary --- p.33 / Chapter 3 --- Transmitter Adaptation Schemes for Rayleigh Fading Channels --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Sequence Adaptation for MC-CDMA Systems --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Multi-sequence MC-CDMA systems --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Single Sequence MC-CDMA systems --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3 --- Sequence Adaptation for Wideband CDMA System in Fading Channels --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- System Model and Algorithm Development --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.60 / Chapter 4 --- Practical Issues on Sequence Adaptation --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2 --- Preliminary --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3 --- Sequence Adaptation Algorithm with Perfect Estimation of SNR --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Typical Behaviour Analysis --- p.71 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Average Performance Analysis --- p.72 / Chapter 4.5 --- Sequence Adaptation Algorithm with imperfect estimation of pre- vious state SNR --- p.75 / Chapter 4.6 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.77 / Chapter 4.7 --- Summary --- p.79 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusions and Future Works --- p.81 / Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusions --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2 --- Future Works --- p.83 / Bibliography --- p.84

Leung Shun-piu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-43). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Multiplicity Problem in Multiple Testing --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Family --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Family wise Error Rate --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Multiple Comparisons with a Control --- p.3 / Chapter 1.5 --- Single-step Procedures vs Stepwise Procedures --- p.4 / Chapter 1.6 --- Dunnett Procedure --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- One-way Fixed Effect Model --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Simultaneous Inference and Test Statistics --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Calculation of the Upper and Lower Percentage Points --- p.8 / Chapter 1.7 --- Objectives --- p.10 / Chapter 2 --- Testing Procedures --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Simultaneous Inference in Mixed Families --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- "Evaluation of C1,α and c2,α" --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Extension to Mixed Families with 3 Testing Groups --- p.15 / Chapter 3 --- The Calculation of Critical Values --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1 --- Calculation of Critical Values --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Tabulation of Critical Values (c-*,α c*,α)" --- p.22 / Chapter 4 --- Numerical Example --- p.30 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.34 / Appendix --- p.35 / References --- p.41

An endophenotype is a concept that allows the description of complex diseases with genetic and environmental contributions,enabling the identification of an at risk population. I aim to describe an endophenotypic gradient between healthy controls, siblings of people with MS and people with MS. Siblings of people with MS are at increased risk of developing MS; this is thought to be a result of genetic and environmental contributions. Epidemiological studies have identified a number of factors contributing to MS risk including smoking,vitamin D,infection with Epstein Barr virus and HLAZDRB1*1501. A genome wide association study in 2011 gave information regarding the contribution of HLAZtype and nonZHLA"SNPs to MS risk. I set out to integrate these into an endophenotypic risk score for MS. When the genetic contribution from HLAZDRB1*1501 alone was used,the mean MS risk score was significantly higher for people with MS than siblings or controls. Siblings had a higher MS risk score than controls. The differences between the three groups become more apparent when all genetic information was used in the MS risk score. I used MRI and biomarker studies to validate the MS risk score generated. Preliminary studies enabled an evaluation of the potential association between selected biomarkers and CSF oligoclonal bands. The analyses performed demonstrate the potential clinical utility of such a score in describing MS risk. Siblings have a risk score intermediate to people with MS and controls, confirming their “at"risk” position in the endophenotype construct. Much of the MS risk in siblings can be attributed to genetics, with environmental factors potentially providing the trigger for clinically apparent disease. The findings of this research have the potential to enrich future prevention studies with individuals at high risk of developing MS,enabling such studies to be performed within a realistic timeframe.

No description available.

Lee Hang Ting. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-39). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Multiple comparison procedures --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Multiple comparisons with a control (MCC) --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- MCC in two-way designs --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Directional-mixed families --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives --- p.6 / Chapter 2 --- MCC with directional-mixed families in one-way designs: a review --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- The model --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- The test statistics --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- The evaluation of critical constants --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4 --- Testing and estimation --- p.11 / Chapter 2.5 --- An example --- p.12 / Chapter 3 --- MCC with directional-mixed families in two-way designs --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- The model --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- The test statistics --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3 --- Testing and estimation --- p.16 / Chapter 4 --- Evaluation and tabulation of critical values --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1 --- Evaluation of critical values --- p.17 / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparisons of computational methods --- p.19 / Chapter 4.3 --- Tabulation of critical values --- p.24 / Chapter 5 --- Power study --- p.30 / Chapter 5.1 --- Objectives --- p.30 / Chapter 5.2 --- Simulation results --- p.30 / Chapter 6 --- Numerical example --- p.33 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusions --- p.36 / Bibliography

Pun Siu Yi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-128). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / List of Figure / List of Table / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.11 / Chapter 2 --- Capacity of Single-Cell S-CDMA System --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Preliminary --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Information measure --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Capacity of a channel --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Capacity of multiple access Gaussian DS-CDMA channel --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Evaluation of the sum capacity for selected sequence sets --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Walsh Code --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- M-Sequence --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Binary Almost Perfect Sequence --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3 --- Asymptotic Upper Bound of the sum capacity for 2 sequence sets --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Upper Bound of the sum capacity for selected sequence sets --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Asymptotic Upper Bound --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4 --- Optimal dynamic code allocation scheme for ad-hoc S-CDMA System --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Ad-hoc S-CDMA System --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Code Allocation Scheme --- p.63 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Proof of Optimality --- p.66 / Chapter 3 --- Simulation of code adaptation schemes for mobile CDMA System --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction of mobile CDMA System --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2 --- Simulation of code adaptation scheme --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- System Model --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Description of 3 schemes --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Simulation Results --- p.96 / Conclusion and Future Work --- p.108 / Appendix --- p.110 / Bibliography --- p.126

Wang Yanhui. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-48). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Multiple Comparisons with a Control --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Multiple Comparison Procedures --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Multiple Comparisons with a Control --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Single-step and Stepwise Procedures --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Dunnett Procedure --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- One-way Fixed Effect Model --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Testing Procedure --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Directional-mixed Families --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Definition of Directional-mixed Families --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Selection between One- and Two-sided Inferences --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- Single-step Procedure --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- SSI Procedure --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The Testing Procedure --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Computation of Optimal Critical Values --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- p-value Consistency --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- The SS2 Procedure --- p.18 / Chapter 3 --- Step-down Procedure --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Testing Procedure --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Derivation of Critical p-values for the SD Procedure --- p.26 / Chapter 4 --- Simulation Study of Power --- p.30 / Chapter 5 --- Practical Example --- p.36 / Appendix --- p.39 / References --- p.46