Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Current musicological discourses in South Africa seldom engage with Afrikaans content and contributions, even though there is an acknowledged large body of writing on music in Afrikaans. These writings could significantly inform music and general historiographies in South Africa. This study discusses music-related articles in the following Afrikaans magazines and newspapers of the early twentieth century: Die Brandwag (1910-1921), Die Burger (1915-1948), Die Huisgenoot (1916-1948), Die Nuwe Brandwag (1929-1933), Die Brandwag (1937-1948) and Die Transvaler (1937-1948). The subject matter of a large proportion of these music-related articles comprises the history of Western European music. This includes biographies of composers and histories of stylistic periods, genres and instruments. Despite the physical distance between Europe and Africa, Afrikaners‘ attraction to Europe borders at times on a feeling of belonging to this tradition. This cosmopolitan notion of belonging has received little attention compared to themes of race, language and nationalism in twentieth-century South African historiography. A neglected Afrikaans discourse on music, however, presents an opportunity to explore the possibilities of cosmopolitanism in a further interpretation of Afrikaner identity and understanding of South African history. It is for this reason that the current study is primarily concerned with tracing the role of musical discourse in Afrikaner society between 1910 and 1948 by investigating notions of cosmopolitanism. The two theoretical strands of cosmopolitanism that will guide this study concern the work of Friedrich Meinecke (an early twentieth-century German scholar), and Kwame Anthony Appiah (who is still active in the field of philosophy). Meinecke‘s work is mainly concerned with the role cosmopolitan values played in the development of the National State, with specific reference to Germany from the late eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century. What attracts Appiah to cosmopolitanism is the freedom it provides for the individual to create her own identity. To be a citizen of the world need not be a rootless existence, but allows anyone to be a patriot of the country of her own choice. Meinecke‘s and Appiah‘s theories of cosmopolitanism, and their different positioning of the intersecting points between the spheres of the individual, the nation and the globe, will provide two theoretical frameworks informing the present author‘s attempt to interpret some of the materials collated for this study. The present writer believes that cosmopolitanism will prove an appropriate theory to uncover some elements of Afrikaner identity that has hitherto been ignored. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte van die omvang van Afrikaanse tekste oor musiek is daar in die hedendaagse tyd min musiekwetenskaplike diskoerse in Suid-Afrika wat bemoeienis maak met inhoude en bydraes wat in Afrikaans gemaak is. Hierdie Afrikaanse tekste besit die potensiaal om nie net musiekhistoriografie nie, maar ook algemene historiografie in Suid-Afrika meer geskakeerd in te klee. Die studie handel oor die musiekartikels in die volgende Afrikaanse tydskrifte en dagblaaie van die vroeg twintigste eeu: Die Brandwag (1910-1921), Die Burger (1915-1948), Die Huisgenoot (1916-1948), Die Nuwe Brandwag (1929-1933), Die Brandwag (1937-1948) en Die Transvaler (1937-1948) 'n Groot gedeelte van hierdie musiekverwante artikels bespreek onderwerpe uit die geskiedenis van Wes-Europese kunsmusiek. Dit sluit onder meer in komponis-biografieë, sowel as geskiedenisse van stilistiese periodes, genres en instrumente. Die Afrikaner se belangstelling in Europa grens soms aan =n gevoel van Europese solidariteit, ten spyte van die fisieke afstand tussen Europa en Afrika. Hierdie kosmopolitiese denkwyse verdwyn dikwels op die agtergrond ten gunste van ander temas soos ras, taal en nasionalisme in twintigste eeuse Suid-Afrikaanse musiekhistoriografie. 'n Verwaarloosde Afrikaanse diskoers oor musiek bied 'n geleentheid om moontlikhede van kosmopolitisme te ondersoek in 'n verdere interpretasie van Afrikaner identiteit en Suid-Afrikaanse geskiedenis. Dit is om hierdie rede dat die huidige studie idees van kosmopolitisme wil ondersoek ten einde die rol van die musiekdiskoers in die Afrikaner gemeenskap tussen 1910 en 1948 te bepaal. Die huidige studie steun op twee teoretiese modelle van kosmopolitisme soos afgelei uit die werk van Friedriech Meinecke ('n Duitse geskiedkundige van die vroeg twintigste eeu) en Kwame Anthony Appiah (hedendaagse filosoof). Meinecke se werk fokus hoofsaaklik op die rol wat kosmopolitiese waardes gespeel het in die ontwikkeling van die nasie-staat, met spesifieke verwysing na Duitsland van die laat agtiende eeu tot die laat negentiende eeu. Wat Appiah aantrek tot die idee van kosmopolitisme is die vryheid wat dit aan die individu bied om haar eie identiteit te skep. Om 'n wêreldburger te wees dui nie noodwendig op 'n ongewortelde bestaan nie, maar laat enigeen toe om 'n patrioot te wees in die land van haar keuse. Meinecke en Appiah se teorieë van kosmopolitisme, hul onderskeie posisionerings van die individu, die nasie en die wêreld en die snypunte tussen hierdie sfere, bied twee teoretiese raamwerke vir die huidige skrywer se interpretasies van die materiaal wat vir hierdie studie versamel is. Die argument word gemaak dat kosmopolitisme 'n gepasde teorie bied om voorheen geïgnoreerde elemente van Afrikaner identiteit te ontbloot.

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) is often considered the most important literary figure in modern Bengali history. He lived through the transformation of Bengali culture and society from colonial to anticolonial to post-colonial times. Tagore was a playwright, novelist, philosopher, and songwriter. He wrote and composed nearly 2,500 songs, called Rabindrasangeet. My interlocutors ascribe Tagore’s songs with a particular affective strength that has become a medium for the construction of diasporic identity. In this dissertation, I explore the lives of three generations of women – from precolonial Bengal, post-independence Bengal, and the modern diaspora – and the types of movement they have experienced. I identify a rupture between the familiar and the immediate that accompanies their movement, and characterize this rupture as creating space for multiple identities, reflections, and intimacies, and the continuous building, dismantling, and rebuilding of culture. I argue that the genre of Rabindrasangeet forms and reforms in the diaspora through embodied processes of micro-level performance. Through friendships, kinships, inter-generational relationships, and technologically mediated connections, Rabindrasangeet remains present. It is a tool for self-making, and used to convey unspoken feelings in a gendered world.

Orientador: Lenita Waldige Mendes Nogueira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T09:46:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_GuilherminaMariaLopesde_M.pdf: 2297478 bytes, checksum: 2ed1d9f367edf6fc0aabcd500b96f880 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Partindo de uma concepção de História como um conjunto de discursos interpretativos sobre o passado, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar três obras historiográficas panorâmicas sobre a música brasileira, escritas em diferentes momentos do século XX: A musica no Brasil desde os tempos coloniaes ate o primeiro decenio da Republica (1908), de Guilherme de Mello, 150 anos de musica no Brasil (1800-1950) (1956), de Luiz Heitor Correa de Azevedo e História da Música no Brasil (1981), de Vasco Mariz. Destacamos, nos referidos textos, princípios de observação, considerando dados biográficos dos autores, o contexto sociopolítico e cultural em que se inserem, aspectos metodológicos de suas obras, suas principais referências teóricas, as personalidades e instituições destacadas, bem como sua conceituação de música popular e erudita e sua abordagem de questões relativas a raça, nação e gênero. Observamos nas três obras uma forte relação entre nacionalismo e música, refletida na divisão estrutural dos livros, no juízo estético dos autores e no estabelecimento de um cânone artístico. Conjectura-se a relação entre o nacionalismo dos textos e a exaltação nacional presente nos distintos momentos políticos em que foram produzidos (início do período republicano, governos Vargas/Kubitschek e Regime Militar, respectivamente). O ideário modernista também é apontado como influência na abordagem da música nacional em Luiz Heitor e Mariz. Por mais que esteja presente nos textos, a música popular é sempre vista, numa perspectiva de inferiorização, como material de base para o desenvolvimento de uma música erudita nacional. As figuras do padre José Maurício e de Carlos Gomes recebem destaque em todas as obras, embora suas biografias sejam escritas num tom cada vez menos romanceado e sua importância no cânon dos grandes artistas seja pouco a pouco relativizada. A presença feminina nas obras historiográficas cresceu com o passar dos anos, sobretudo o número de compositoras, embora a maioria dos músicos retratados ainda seja de homens. Percebeu-se a fragilização da abordagem biossociológica (indicação da mistura de raças, do meio físico e da cultura como determinantes da identidade musical brasileira) e sua transição para uma abordagem centrada nos aspectos da própria linguagem musical. Observa-se a carência, em nossa historiografia musical panorâmica, de obras mais aprofundadas, direcionadas especificamente aos estudantes universitários. Destaca-se, entretanto, a utilidade do material disponível como fonte de pesquisa, desde que em diálogo com a produção acadêmica recente. Faz-se necessário, acima de tudo, conscientizar-se da historicidade de todo discurso, passado e presente, sobretudo do próprio trabalho / Abstract: Based on a conception of History as interpretive discourse, we aim to analyze three historiographical works, written in three distinct moments in the 20th Century: A musica no Brasil desde os tempos coloniaes ate o primeiro decenio da Republica (1908), by Guilherme de Mello, 150 anos de musica no Brasil (1800-1950) (1956), by Luiz Heitor Correa de Azevedo and História da Música no Brasil (1981), by Vasco Mariz. We aim to point out aspects of the biographies of the authors, the politic and social context, methodological aspects of their works, their main theoretical references, the personalities and institutions mentioned, as well as their concepts on popular and classical music and their approach to issues of race, gender and nation. A strong relation between nationalism and music, reflected in the division of chapters, in the authors? aesthetical judgment and in the establishment of an artistic canon was observed in the three books. We conjecture the relation between nationalism in the texts and national exaltation typical of the moments when the books were written (respectively, the beginning of the Republican era, the Vargas/Kubitschek presidency and the military government). Modernist ideals are also pointed as an influence on Mariz and Luiz Heitor?s approach to musical nationalism. Popular music is regarded as inferior, and as raw material for the development of a national classical music. The composers Father José Maurício Nunes Garcia and Carlos Gomes are highlighted in all the three books, although their biographies are lesser and lesser fanciful and their importance in the canon of great artists is gradually relativized. The number of women, especially composers, depicted in Brazilian music historiography has progressively risen, though men are still preponderant. A transition from a bio-sociological methodology (in which Brazilian musical identity is determined by racial, environmental and cultural factors) to an approach centered in musical aspects was noticed. We also observed the lack of panoramic historiographical works specifically directed to undergraduate and graduate students. However, the utility of the available material as research source, in dialogue with the recent academic production, has to be remarked. Above all, one must have in mind that any discourse, past or present, is historically situated / Mestrado / Fundamentos Teoricos / Mestra em Música

The films of David Lynch are full of ambiguities that derive from his habitual distortion of time, inversion of characters, and creation of ironic, dreamlike worlds that are mired in crisis. While these ambiguities have been explored from numerous angles, scholars have only recently begun to closely examine music's role in Lynch's cinematic imagination. This dissertation explores the relationship between music and fantasy through the lens of Lacanian psychoanalysis where fantasy plays a crucial role in helping psychoanalytical subjects work through their psychical crises. In particular, I look at Blue Velvet (1986), Lost Highway (1996), and Mulholland Drive (2001), showing how Lynch employs music to manage and, in the case of Mulholland Drive, move beyond the particular crises of jouissance experienced by the Characters--and also the viewers. Before engaging in my analysis of Lynch's film music, however, I begin with an extended discussion of what Kevin Korsyn describes as the current crisis of music scholarship, examining how this crisis manifests itself in recent "postmodern" interpretations of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. Few works are invested with as much cultural capital as this one and arguably the discourse around it exhibits the crisis more acutely than any other. Korsyn restricts his analysis to the fields of musicology and music theory, but I approach the crisis of music scholarship obliquely, through my Lacanian reading of Lynch's film music. This dissertation, then, has two goals. On one hand it attempts to examine music's role in Lynch's films, and on the other, it explores how Lynch's use of music might aid us in navigating and moving beyond the institutional crises of music scholarship. This Lynchian solution to our crisis provides a glimpse of what might lie beyond postmodernism, a new philosophical movement some are calling the "New Sincerity." This term covers several loosely related cultural or philosophical movements that have followed in the wake of postmodernism, the most notable being what Raoul Eshelman and Judith Butler refer to as "performatism." Finally, I return to Beethoven's Ninth to offer a second, performative reading, demonstrating how Lynch's use of music can be translated into current musical discourse. / text