Modeling and simulation have played an essential role in understanding the effects of blast waves. However, a broad area of engineering problems, such as vehicle structures, buildings, bridges, or even the human body, can benefit by accurately predicting the response to blasts with little need for test or event data. This thesis reviews fundamental concepts of blast waves and explosives and discusses research in blast scaling. Blast scaling is a method that reduces the computational costs associated with modeling blasts by using empirical data and numerically calculating blast field parameters over time for various types and sizes of explosives. This computational efficiency is critical in studying blast waves' near and far-field effects. This thesis also reviews research to differentiate between free-air blasts and gun muzzle blasts and the progress of modeling the muzzle blast-structure interaction. The main focus of this thesis covers an investigation of different numerical and analytical solutions to a simple aerospace structure subjected to blast pressure. The thesis finally presents a tool that creates finite element loads utilizing muzzle blast scaling methods. This tool reduces modeling complexity and the need for multiple domains such as coupled computational fluid dynamics and finite element models by coupling blast scaling methods to a finite element model. / Master of Science / {Numerical integration methods have helped solve many complex problems in engineering and science due to their ability to solve non-linear equations that describe many phenomena. These methods are beneficial because of how well they lend to programming into a computer, and their impact has grown with the increases in computing power. In this thesis, ``modeling and simulation" refers to the characterization and prediction of an event's outcome through the use of computers and numerical techniques. Modeling and simulation play important roles in studying the effects of blast waves in many areas of engineering research such as aerospace, biomedical, naval, and civil. Their capability to predict the outcome of the interaction of a blast wave to vehicle structures, buildings, bridges, or even the human body while requiring limited experimental data has the chance to benefit a wide area of engineering problems. This thesis reviews fundamental concepts of blast waves, explosives, and research that has applied blast loading in modeling and simulation. This thesis describes the complexity of modeling an axially symmetric blast wave interaction by comparing the numerical and theoretical response blast loaded structure.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a universal muzzle device for the assault rifle. The device is designed to produce Selective Laser Melting. The main objective is the elimination negative effects of gunshot. The paper explores possibilities of using porous structures for this type of equipment. The influence of individual types of porous structures on the flow of gases is monitored. The universal muzzle device itself is optimized using CFD analyzes. The device was made using SLM technology and experimentally verified. His impact on the impact, gun lift, noise and flame elimination was investigated.

Sverige är för tillfället operativa med Helikopter 16 - Black Hawk i Afghanistan. Uppgiften som löses i Afghanistan är främre och taktisk sjuktransport (MEDEVAC). Detta arbete handlar om hur befintliga VMS-system i helikoptrar kan kompletteras i syfte att möta ett föreliggande prickskyttehot vid lösande av främre MEDEVAC i ett insatsområde som miljömässigt liknar Afghanistan. I arbetet analyseras möjliga tekniker utifrån aspekter från ett konstruerat scenario där helikopterbesättningarnas uppgift, insatsmiljö samt hotbild beskrivs. Resultatet visar på att MEDEVAC-helikoptrar kan utrustas med sensor-gimbaler där olika sensorer kan kombineras, vilket möjliggör spaning i 360°. Detta bidrar till den militära nyttan då helikopterpersonalens lösande av uppgift effektiviseras, chansen till överlevnad ökar samtidigt som personal och patienter kan känna sig tryggare. / Currently, Sweden has operative Black Hawk helicopters in Afghanistan. The tasks they are solving in Afghanistan are forward and tactical Medical Evacuation (MEDEVAC). This work is about how existing Electronic Warfare Systems in helicopters can be supplemented in order to face a present sniper-threat during forward MEDEVAC in a conflict area which environmentally reminds of Afghanistan. In this work, a few possible techniques will be analyzed. This analyze will be based on aspects from a constructed scenario where the task to be solved, the conflict area, and the known threat is described. The result shows that MEDEVAC-helicopters can be equipped with operator-controlled sensor-gimbals where different electro-optical sensors can be combined. Gimbals allow reconnaissance in 360°. This contributes to the military utility since the main task can be solved by the helicopter personnel more effectively. Also, the probability of survival will probably increase and the personnel and wounded soldiers might feel more secure than before.

The thesis deals with optimization of the manufacturing process of the muzzle device designed for assault rifle. The most common titanium alloy named Ti-6Al-4V was chosen for this task. The introduction summarizes previously existing types of muzzle devices and further describes the SLM technology with a special focus on titanium alloys processing. The optimization methods and their follow-up testing were designed according to theoretical knowledge that is summarized in the theoretical part of this work. Firstly, the aim was to describe the optimization of the manufacturing process with attention to preserving the relative density of the parts. Secondly, the mechanical properties of the parts that underwent different heat treatment were tested.The obtained data were then used to design and manufacture a muzzle device that underwent further testing in real condition afterwards.

This thesis deals with the Act no. 52/2009 Coll., which amends the Act no. 141/1961 Coll. (Penal Procedure Code), as amended by latter Acts, and some other Acts. Because of its alleged censorial character, it was often referred to as the "Muzzle Act" by local media. The thesis is composed of five parts. The first one describes methods used in the rest of the text, the second one explains main theoretical concepts and essential topics that are important for understanding the other parts - right to privacy, right to information, publication of transcripts obtained by eavesdropping devices etc. It also describes contents of the "Muzzle Act" and its amendment. The third part reviews how the Act passed the legislative process in both chambers of the Parliament, including protests of media and some scholars against it. All the main reasons why protestors considered the Act censorial or even unconstitutional are drawn up in the fourth part of the thesis. It also sums up thoughts and confronts thoughts of people who argued in favour of the Act. In the fifth part, journalists from Czech News Agency (ČTK), daily newspaper Mladá fronta DNES, weekly magazine Respekt and news website Aktuálně.cz describe how the Act influenced their working habits and contents of their media. One specialist in the field of journalism...