Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Sustainable Ecological Development))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

Previous research shows that socio-cultural factors play an important role in determining the outcomes of natural resource conservation. Conservationists have discovered that when such factors are not properly incorporated from the earliest planning stages, projects are often less successful than hoped and at times outright failures. Thus, several core values that vary among cultures were studied to examine their relationships to natural resources and conservation. This study investigated the relationships between natural resources and conservation and the 3 value orientations individualism, collectivism, and locus of control and socio-demographics in the North Rupununi, Guyana. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected in 5 villages (Annai Central, Apoteri, Rewa, Aranaputa, and Wowetta) via participant observation and mostly structured interviews of 167 local residents. Field research took place from January to November 2008, and interviews occurred from July to October of the same year. Analysis indicates the following results for this sample. Neither the individualism measurement used in this study not the locus of control scale showed many statistically significant associations, but some interesting patterns and trends appear in the case of locus of control. In contrast, the collectivism scale showed associations to several of the natural resource items. The main conclusions from the study are that to promote more successful conservation, professionals need to focus on several factors that promote more effective communication and negotiation. Developing equity among participants; empowering people through their own knowledge, influence, and options; establishing respect by and for all parties; co-creating a common mental model among the parties; and fostering the competence and confidence of all parties to actively participate in the negotiations are key to success. This can be especially tricky in cases in which the various parties come from different socio-cultural backgrounds, such as in the case of Western scientists working with remote indigenous peoples. Coming to a shared mental model and feelings of true equity among the parties is even harder then because the disparate backgrounds make common understanding difficult at best. However, it is that much more necessary when common backgrounds are absent. In such cases, a well-trained, culturally sensitive, and neutral facilitator can be the most useful tool to help co-create the right circumstances for authoring solutions which foster natural resource conservation that can succeed.

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Orientador: Marcos Franke Pinto / Coorientador: Danielle de Bem Luiz / Coorientador: Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano / Resumo: O crescimento sustentável da indústria de processamento de tilápia está diretamente relacionado com o uso eficiente de água e com a gestão da qualidade da água devolvida ao meio ambiente. Foi avaliado o uso global de água um uma planta de produção de filé de tilápia, bem como o uso de água em diferentes etapas do processamento. Para isso, foram instalados hidrômetros em 13 pontos do estabelecimento. Em seguida, foram sugeridas ações de minimização visando diminuir o uso de água. O uso global de água foi de 432 m³.dia-1, sendo a etapa de depuração responsável por 40,7% desse volume, seguida das atividades relacionadas com a limpeza (32,3%). As ações de minimização implantadas reduziram 29% do uso de água referente à área limpa do processamento da empresa. Em seguida, foi realizada a caracterização físico-química e microbiológica dos efluentes gerados na indústria para a determinação das suas cargas de poluentes. A indústria, como um todo, gerou um efluente com alta carga de matéria orgânica, sendo as etapas onde há maior contato da água com o pescado e seus resíduos (cabeça, carcaça, carne, pele, sangue e vísceras) as maiores fontes poluidoras. Os parâmetros de DBO, DQO e óleos e graxas apresentaram os valores acima dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação para lançamento em sistemas de esgotamento sanitário ou em corpos hídricos receptores. Isso evidenciou a necessidade de um tratamento prévio do efluente antes do seu descarte. Além disso, foi avaliado o potencial do efluent... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The sustainable growing of the tilapia processing industry is directly related to the efficient use of water and to the management of the quality of water returned to the environment. The global use of water in a tilapia fillet processing plant and the use of water in different processing stages were evaluated. For this, hydrometers were installed at 13 points within the premisses. Additionally, minimization actions were suggested aiming at reducing the water use. It was used 432 m3 .d-1 of water, being the depuration stage responsible for 40.7% of this volume, followed by the general cleaning process of the plant (32.3%). The applied minimization actions reduced in 29% the use of water in the clean area of the processing flow. After this, the physical-chemical and microbiological characterization of the effluents generated by the industry was performed in order to evaluate the pollutant load. The industry, as a whole, produced an effluent with high organic matter load, being the stages in which the water contacts the fish and the solid residues (head, carcass, meat trimmings, skin, blood and viscera) the main pollutant sources. The parameters BOD, COD, oils and greases presented values above the legal limits to dispose in the effluent treatment systems or in the hydric spring. This demonstrated the necessity of a previous treatment of the effluent before it is discarded. Besides that, the potential of the effluent from the depuration stage to be reused for urban purposes and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-15T16:27:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 João Almeida Santos.pdf: 3540780 bytes, checksum: d16440e6e503d3d008d412d19bcca289 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-15T16:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 João Almeida Santos.pdf: 3540780 bytes, checksum: d16440e6e503d3d008d412d19bcca289 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-04 / The thesis is that the conflict is the main cause of the postponement (by the government) of actions that could solve or mitigate the problems related to the occupation of water source regions in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The overall objective of the research is to propose strategies to confront the conflict to the government and thus, open possibilities to contain the invasion and remove invaders from areas of springs. The specific objectives are (1) to present and analyze the strategies of the players (government and invader) based on the theory of Nash equilibrium and (2) to highlight the importance of game theory and in particular, Nash equilibrium as method to elaborate proposal conflict resolution according to selected strategies. The research methodology is qualitative and quantitative. The quantitative research is based on the data required for the use of game theory (urban spot growth, real estate prices, among others) and numerical simulations arranged in matrices. The qualitative, in the study of the literature on the problem of the occupation of springs that in turn, led to the design of possible strategies (for the solution of problems) / A tese sustentada neste trabalho é que o conflito é a principal causa do adiamento (por parte do governo) de ações que poderiam solucionar ou mitigar os problemas relativos à ocupação de regiões de mananciais na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é propor estratégias de enfrentar o conflito para o governo e assim, abrir possibilidades de conter a invasão e remover invasores de áreas de mananciais. Os objetivos específicos são (1) apresentar e analisar as estratégias dos jogadores (governo e invasor) com base na teoria do Equilíbrio de Nash e (2) destacar a importância da teoria dos jogos e em particular do Equilíbrio de Nash como método para elaborar proposta de solução do conflito de acordo com estratégias selecionadas. A metodologia da pesquisa é qualitativa e quantitativa. A pesquisa quantitativa está no levantamento dos dados necessários à utilização da teoria dos jogos (crescimento da mancha urbana, preços dos imóveis, entre outros) e nas simulações numéricas dispostas em matrizes. A qualitativa, no estudo da literatura sobre o problema da ocupação de mananciais que por sua vez, levou ao desenho das estratégias possíveis (para a solução dos problemas). As simulações elaboradas a partir da teoria dos jogos mostraram que a melhor estratégia para a solução do conflito é que o governo remunere o invasor para preservar a região ocupada