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Consumers concern about the environment, health and animal welfare have increased as the agriculture intensifies. Leading to increased purchase of organic products in hope that it will give animals better welfare. There are doubts from scientists how efficient organic agriculture is compared to conventional agriculture in the term of animal welfare, as there are few comparative studies for cattle, pigs and poultry. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in animal welfare between organic and conventional agriculture for cattle, pigs and poultry. The study also investigates whether consumers choice of organic products controls the production and what impact it may have on animal welfare. This study was conducted using scientific articles and a web survey that was uploaded and shared online. The result of this study showed that the organic animals experience better animal welfare than conventional animals. Since organic animals are allowed to live a life allowing natural behaviors such as greater opportunities for outdoor living, pigs are allowed to roam in the soil, cattle should not be tied up and poultry must not be kept in cages. The results of this study also showed that the highest purchased organic product were eggs and the second highest purchased organic product was dairy. The study also indicated that consumers can increase the production of organic animals by increasing their purchases of organic products, leading to increased animal welfare and lower prices on organic products.    Key words: Organic and conventional agriculture, pig production, cattle production, poultry production, Organic and conventional farming.

The real estate business is one of the last industries to embrace digital change and are now facing a major reconstructing effort. One of their customers is the retail industry, which is facing challenges in their digital engagement. This study analyzes the real estate industry’s understanding for digital development as well as what digital requirements the retailers make on their property owners for pop-up stores and how they should be managed and implemented. This is answered through interviews with property owners and external experts as well as a survey for the retail business. The result shows a positive attitude from both parties towards digital development. There are however differences in both industries concerning how far they have come with their digital process. The requirements that the retail sector mainly requests are regarding the buying and customer experience. The study shows that the role of a property owner is changing. There is no generic answer to what goes under the responsibility of real estate owners and retailers regarding digital services. A close dialogue is considered to increase understanding of each other’s business and to benefit both parties in future development. The results of this study are considered to provide an increased understanding of the challenges the real estate industry are facing in its digital process and the relationship with the retail sector and can be useful as support in change.

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Influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes are globally responsible for seasonal pandemics. Subtypes of IAV virus can beclassified because of differences surface antigenic protein. The non structural protein1 (NS1) of IAV is the only protein that encoded by IAV and contributing role in the pathogensis. NS1 is a virulence factors duringviral replication in the host. NS1 of IAV is known to be multifunctional protein which enhances the pathogenicity of the virus duringt he viral life cycle. The current study is aimed to investigate NS1 of IAV subtype H1N1, H7N7, H4N6 and H5N1, which were successfully cloned in to the pcDNA 3.1 vector. Restriction analysis with enzymes BamH1,Xba1 and Kpn1 and sequencing showed that NS1 gene was successfully cloned. My recombinant proteins have been used by Dr. Broniaczyk to successfully express in cell culture.

The aim of this study is to contribute knowledge about teachers' perceptions and experiences of how an NTA project contributes to developing students' ability to carry out systematic investigations in biology and how the working method affects students' motivation and interest. The theme that is in focus in this study is Butterflies lives, a theme created by NTA. To achieve the purpose, a qualitative method in the form of interviews has been used. Six teachers have been interviewed who works with students in F-3 and have experience of NTA.  The results from the study's qualitative method largely show a positive picture of NTA with its investigative approach. The teachers in the current study be-lieve that NTA can contribute to the students developing knowledge about sci-entific inquiry. The students themselves must find out answers based on a ques-tion, which they do systematically during controlled teaching contexts. The results from the interviews also show that the students become involved in the NTA lessons and create an understanding of what a survey entails. In the theme of Butterflies lives, the teachers believe that the students develop an interest in nature and the concrete way of seeing the butterfly's development gives the students a deeper insight into what a life cycle means.

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