We refer to Barcelona as a maritime city, but we ignore almost everything about the cultural foundations of this view. Ignorance is much greater as we approach the last two centuries. The main objective of this thesis is to review some of the events of recent maritime history to provide food for thought. In my opinion there is nothing worse than a culture based on false myths. Misconceptions that are often provoked by ignorance. Contemporary maritime history of Barcelona is a wasteland. The only exception is the study of economic history undertaken by Pierre Vilar. Should also clarify that the term "maritime history" encompasses many aspects, no systematic to date, which could be grouped into three areas: scientific, technical and human. Few studies have attempted to establish connections between them. Talk in global terms about "maritime" was one of the objectives of my thesis. But I will not hide that, whenever I could, I tried to prioritize the human aspect. The method I tried to follow consisted in establish a central element and supporting other aspects about it that I thought were important and affordable. The core of the thesis is a biography of José Ricart (paragraph 4), a key figure in recent maritime history. Other aspects are: science illustration (section 1), a review of various aspects of maritime life in Barcelona (paragraph 2), a reflection on the implementation of industrial technology in ships (paragraph 3) and a detailed analisys of the events that took place during the thirties of last century (Section 5). A significant element of this work is the story of the Nautical School which doesn¿t hace an specific section, but takes part in all of them. Conclusions refer to four aspects. First, we discuss the "maritime dimension" of Barcelona. The capital of the region more like a ¿riverside¿ city. I have also worked to highlight the hard work at sea and to highlight the many myth-making that have been made. In this regard, much work remains to be done. The Nautical School of Barcelona is presented as the midship section of the local and national maritime culture. Finally, it discusses the historical importance of José Ricart and denounce attempts to fall again in the myth. The chronicle of Franco's repression on merchant marine¿s republicans from Barcelona seems fair to me, because of the silence that has prevailed on this issue so far. This, and the fate of those who chose to join the Republican Naval Reserve, are lines of work I would like to continue in the future. In general, it should be noted that the idea raises many questions and points out the need to open new lines of research. Refering to the sources, I believe that, except in the first paragraph which have more secondary sources, the thesis is based on primary sources. In the case of Jose Ricart, monitoring of their work has been very time consuming because of the predominance of articles and short essays, as well as the diversity of platforms on which them were published. I have separated his referentes to the rest in the bibliography.

La política Europea de transporte pretende alcanzar un sistema donde la sostenibilidad juegue un papel predominante. La reducción de lasemisiones contaminantes, de la accidentabilidad, la descongestión del tráfico en las carreteras constituyen un pilar fundamental paraalcanzar tal objetivo.La Unión Europea, a través de la Estrategia para un Desarrollo Sostenible del Libro Blanco de Transporte, ha manifestado en repetidasocasiones su preocupación por los impactos generados por el sector de los transportes; es por eso que existe la aplicación de medidaspara la solución de estos problemas para la integración de las cuestiones medioambientales en las políticas de transporte y los sectoresafines.En el conjunto del transporte, la carretera genera más del 80 por 100 de las emisiones de CO2, siendo con diferencia el modo máscontaminante, mientras que el transporte marítimo se mantiene como el modo menos contaminante. Esta situación, favorable al transportemarítimo se mantiene también para las emisiones de NOx a la atmósfera. Del total de este tipo de emisiones de la Unión Europea, el 51por 100 procede de los vehículos por carretera y un 12 por 100 de los medios de transporte.Hoy en día muchos países están trasladando el tráfico de mercancías de las autopistas congestionadas a otros modos de transporte.Muchas veces el tráfico marítimo, a parte del tráfico ferroviario de mercancías, son la alternativa más plausible para prevenir el incrementode transporte por carretera y las fuertes consecuencias económicas que comporta.A raíz de la firma del Tratado de Adhesión de España a la Unión Europea el año 1986, con el cual el transporte por carretera adquirió uncierto protagonismo, las tasas de crecimiento de tráfico, durante ese año, pasaron del 2,8% al 8,4%, manteniendo y totalizando unmovimiento de 70 millones de toneladas en ambos sentidos, lo que se traduce en una media de 3.500 camiones diarios en tránsito, através de los pasos de La Jonquera e Irún. Para el año 2020, aplicando una tasa de crecimiento similar a la experimentada estos últimosaños, el tráfico de mercancías podría verse incrementado a unos 250 millones de toneladas en total, y más de 30.000 camionesatravesando los Pirineos.Ante esta situación y las consecuencias derivadas de la congestión, es deseable lograr un trasvase de las clásicas cadenas de transporteunimodales a las cadenas multimodales, con la participación de medios terrestres y marítimos. Hoy en día, el reparto del tráfico demercancías se mantiene a un 50% entre ambas cadenas, aunque con una ligera ventaja del camión, sobretodo en recorridos cortos comoes el caso de trayectos entre España y Francia, mientras que a medida que las distancias se amplían lógicamente existe un trasvase haciael modo marítimo.De acuerdo con la revisión del Libro Blanco del Transporte de la Unión Europea, se espera que el Transporte Marítimo de Corta Distancia,en inglés Short Sea Shipping, crezca un 59% en toneladas métricas, desde el año 2000 al año 2020.La principal ventaja del Transporte Marítimo de Corta Distancia consiste en la posibilidad de combinar las ventajas inherentes de losdistintos modos de transporte implicados, reduciendo los costes e incrementando la capacidad de transportar gran volumen de carga enlargas distancias. Pero para poder convertir el transporte multimodal en una alternativa real al transporte unimodal por carretera a parte decuantificar y reducir los costes de fricción al cambiar de modo se deben identificar y estudiar un número de variables relacionadas con eltransporte de mercancías que nos permitirán conocer la viabilidad de una ruta.Para este trasvase de mercancías al modo marítimo se consideran principalmente los buques convencionales como la solución más viable,ya que pueden penetrar en el mercado por carretera reduciendo, en algunos casos, los costes internos y externos. Mientras esteargumento está basado en que el transporte por mar debería competir en precio (por ejemplo ofreciendo un precio más bajo que otrosmodos de transporte) también se debe de considerar la importancia de los buques de alta velocidad que ofrecen calidad al servicio. Losbuques de alta velocidad pueden ser unos posibles competidores del transporte terrestre en determinadas rutas; aunque estos buquespresentan problemas de operación cuando navegan con mal tiempo.El Transporte Marítimo de Corta Distancia debe responder a una serie de requisitos básicos para su identificación y puesta en servicio:buenas conexiones con un hinterland intermodal, un transporte mayoritariamente especializado en tráfico Ro-Ro, una velocidad mínima enlos buques, una alta frecuencia con un mínimo de salidas semanales y ofrecer la máxima fiabilidad aportando al mismo tiempo una mejorasignificativa de los costes de la cadena logística. A su vez, existen elementos críticos para su puesta en marcha que hay que tener encuenta: la consolidación de los flujos, la calidad del conjunto de la cadena de transporte, el compromiso de todos los elementos de lacadena de suministro y la compatibilidad con las otras vías de transporte hacia un modelo multimodal.Se evidencia la voluntad de la Comisión Europea para promocionar el Transporte Marítimo de Corta Distancia, como un modo mássostenible. Uno de los posibles caminos para mejorar su competitividad frente al transporte por carretera y el aéreo, puede pasar por eluso extensivo de buques rápidos o de alta velocidad.Es evidente que los buques de alta velocidad reducen el tiempo de viaje, pero para mantener la ganancia en tiempo en la mar, lasoperaciones en puerto también deben de reducirse para poder mantener la ventaja en el tiempo de viaje.Sin embargo más velocidad implica mayor consumo y más emisiones contaminantes. El aumento de velocidad es viable comercialmenteen unas rutas concretas y en unas condiciones determinadas: buen tiempo durante todo el año, una demanda suficientemente alta paracubrir la necesidad de una alta frecuencia y una situación geográfica favorable. / The European transport policy aims to achieve a sustainable communication system. A reduction in pollutant emissions, accident rate andtraffic congestion is central to reaching this goal.Through the Strategy for Sustainable Development of the EU White Paper on Transport Policy, the European Union has expressed concernabout transport-related impacts. For this reason, appropriate policies to balance transport growth and its environmental effects are being made.In general, road transport accounts for over 80% of CO2 emissions. It is, therefore, the most polluting mode of transportation whereas seatransport remains the least polluting. The same applies to NOx emissions. Road transport is responsible for 51% of these pollutant emissionsin the European Union, as opposed to 12% for the other modes.In many countries a shift from congested highways to other alternatives for freight transport has been observed. Apart from railway transport,the maritime option is often preferred to relieve road traffic congestion and its negative environmental effects.After Spain joined the European Union at 1986, the traffic volume increase had grown from 2.8% to 8.4% per year, accounting for a movementof 70 million tonnes in both directions. This means a daily average of 3,500 trucks travelling through La Jonquera and Irún passes. At this rate,by the year 2020, freight transport could increase to a total of 250 million tonnes, with over 30,000 trucks crossing the Pyrenees.In view of this and the consequences of traffic congestion, a change from traditional unimodal to multimodal transport chains involving the seaand road modes is desirable. Freight transport is currently shared by both chains, with a slight advantage of road over maritime transport,particularly in short distances like trips between France and Spain while the sea option logically becomes more common as distances increase.According to the review of the EU White Paper on Transport Policy, a 59% increase in tonnes carried by Short Sea Shipping is expectedbetween 2000 and 2020.The main benefit of Short Sea Shipping lies in the possibility of combining the inherent advantages provided by the involved modes, thusreducing costs and increasing freight transport capacity over long distances. However, for multimodal transport to become a real alternative tothe road-only mode, the feasibility of routes must be explored with several variables related to freight transport. Moreover, friction costs derivedfrom the mode shift must be quantified and reduced.Conventional ships are typically regarded as the most viable solution since they can penetrate the road market, sometimes leading to a declinein internal and especially external costs. While this opinion is based on the fact that sea transport should compete price-wise with other modes,it must be born in mind that high-speed vessels offer greater speeds, which may be perceived as quality of service by some shippers. In someroutes, high-speed vessels can become serious competitors to road transport although these ships pose operational problems in bad weather.Short Sea Shipping must meet a number of basic requirements to be efficiently implemented: good links with an intermodal hinterland, atransport mode specialised in Ro-Ro traffic, fast enough ships, sufficient number of weekly trips, maximum reliability and sharp decline in costsderived from the logistic chain. Also, certain critical factors must be taken into account, i.e. consolidation of flows, quality of the whole transportchain, commitment and compatibility of all elements of the supply chain with other transport modes with a view towards a multimodal model.The European Commission’s interest in promoting Short Sea Shipping as a more sustainable mode is made clear. One possible way ofincreasing competitiveness against road and air transport may be the extensive use of fast conventional or high-speed vessels.It is evident that high-speed vessels reduce travel time, but in order to maintain this advantage, port operations must also take less time.However, more speed implies greater consumption and a higher level of pollutant emissions. An increase in speed is commercially feasible incertain route and freight types and under specific conditions: good weather all year around, a demand large enough to justify high tripfrequency and a favourable geographical location.The use of fast conventional and high-speed ships is not always the best solution. It was necessary to examine each particular case. If in thefuture more policies towards sea transport are implemented and freight volume increases, high-speed services will have a market share largeenough to be commercially and economically feasible.The purpose of this thesis is to find alternatives to relieve road traffic congestion by using sea transport more extensively with a view toachieving sustainable mobility. To this end, the use of conventional, fast conventional and high-speed vessels in multimodal transport wasexamined. However, the above objective should not be achieved by the competition of sea transport with railway transport. Instead, thesemodes must capture part of the road transport share. It must also be clear that no direct competition exists between maritime and roadtransport but rather the need for both to be complementary.