Cartilage tissue specimens were obtained from the flexor surface of the navicular bone and distal radiocarpal bone articular surface (controls) from 8 horses 2 to 5 years old. Water, DNA, total collagen, total glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulphate, and keratan sulphate contents were determined. The results from each site were compared and the differences were analyzed by paired t-test (P < 0.05). Significant differences were determined between the water content of the navicular bone flexor surface cartilage (68.32&#177; 3.46 % ) and the distal radiocarpal bone articular surface cartilage (60.60&#177; 4.09%). The total DNA content, total glycosaminoglycan content, total chondroitin sulphate content, and total keratan sulphate for the flexor surface of the navicular bone was: 524.51&#177; 92.89 ng, 0.1533&#177; 0.0338 mg, 0.1018&#177; 0.0197 mg 0.0800&#177; 0.0176 mg, and 0.0092&#177; 0.0037 mg per mg of dry weight cartilage, respectively. The total DNA content, total glycosaminoglycan content, total chondroitin sulphate content, and total keratan sulphate for the distal radiocarpal articular surface cartilage was: 508.80&#177; 70.16 ng, 0.1686&#177; 0.00838 mg, 0.0919&#177; 0.0191, 0.0615&#177; 0.0109 mg, and 0.0074&#177; 0.0029 mg per mg dry weight cartilage, respectively. Not significant differences were determined between these values. We concluded that the cartilage of the flexor surface of the navicular bone is biochemically similar to hyaline articular cartilage, but differs from previous descriptions of fibrocartilage. Further studies are needed to determine types and proportions of collagen types of the flexor surface of the normal navicular bone. These findings establish a basis of comparison to assess navicular cartilage in aging, disease, and repair. / Master of Science

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to develop a fixation technique for talonavicular arthrodesis. A talonavicular arthrodesis is a problematic arthrodesis of the foot and is done when the patient is suffering from pain in the joint. There are two difficulties with this operation. At first, the operation is problematic in that it is difficult to reach the talus and navicular bones. The bones are positioned deep within the foot and surrounded by many other bones and tendons. This makes it difficult to fixate the bones. This problem indirectly causes the other problem. The fact that it is difficult to fixate the bones results in no direct method to perform the operation. Different surgeons have different solutions to fixate the bones which makes the operation vary in results depending on the surgeon who performs the operation. This thesis is a start-up of the project to solve the problem with a talonavicular arthrodesis. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to investigate whether it is possible to find a standardized method of the operation and reach a final concept that could solve the problems with the operation. The method chosen for this project has been shaped by the standard EN ISO 13485:2016, which deals with quality management systems and requirements for regulatory purposes for medical devices. Behind the thesis is a case study carried out in parallel with a literature study which is the basis for this thesis The product development has been characterized by the regulatory requirements, as the medical device industry requires. The project began with a project planning which was then followed by a problem understanding phase. When the problem understanding phase was completed a concept development phase began that led to concept evaluation. The result of this project is a final concept. The concept is a staple designed with a strong focus on stress distribution in the joint surface and the limitations of accessibility to the joint. The concept is designed to standardize the fixation on talonavicular arthrodesis. The conclusion of the project is that the concept is considered interesting to go on with. However, a deeper understanding of quality assurance has been obtained during the project. The understanding has contributed to the realization that further validation and verification is required in order to realize the concept into a real product. Recommendations to proceed with the project is to do more tests and creating a quality assurance system that meets the requirements of the “Medical product agency”.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, December 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 13, 2009). "College of Veterinary Medicine." Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario / Los cartílagos ungueales, extensiones cartilaginosas de la falange distal, proporcionan apoyo en la cara palmar del pie, ayudan al retorno venoso de este y disipan fuerzas de impacto. Estos pueden osificarse reduciendo la disipación de energía provocando un T-BIRT generando lesiones en estructuras óseas y blandas del pie. Las alteraciones de conformación de los miembros y del casco tendrían un efecto predisponente en la osificación, asociándose esta última con lesiones en otras estructuras como ligamentos colaterales de la articulación interfalángica distal y falange distal. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar algunas variables podométricas del casco y su relación con la caracterización radiográfica de los cartílagos ungueales de la falange distal en equinos de equitación. Se utilizaron 22 equinos mestizos de entre dos a 25 años de edad, sometidos a despalme en los últimos 30 días, a los cuales se le efectuaron estudios radiográficos y mediciones podométricas en ambos miembros torácicos. Se evaluó conformación a través de la vista latero medial estricta y dorso palmar sin oblicuidad realizando el estudio podométrico a través de diversas mediciones. Los cartílagos ungueales se evaluaron a través de la vista dorso palmar sin oblicuidad siguiendo la clasificación establecida por Dyson (2010) (grado 0 a 5). Además, se utilizó la vista dorso proximal dorso distal en 45° y pálmaro proximal pálmaro distal oblicua para pesquisar cualquier alteración de los miembros en estudio. Los datos fueron sometidos a estadística descriptiva y análisis de correlación de Spearman o Pearson, dependiendo de la normalidad de las variables, utilizando el programa InfoStat®. Los resultados en la vista dorso palmar indicaron que un 90,9% de los animales presentó algún grado de osificación, y solo 40,9% un grado igual o superior a tres. Esta osificación fue mayor en el miembro izquierdo y en el cartílago lateral posiblemente relacionado al tipo de trabajo al cual son sometidos estos ejemplares y a que el lado lateral aterriza primero al momento del apoyo del casco causando vibraciones que son disipadas a través de este lado del cartílago. Además, se observó que el grado de osificación en el miembro izquierdo y derecho aumento con la edad. En la vista latero medial estricta un 51% de los miembros totales presentó un eje podofalángico normal, y un 49% un eje podofalángico alterado, del cual un 42% corresponde a un eje quebrado hacia atrás y un 7% un eje quebrado hacia adelante, posiblemente por una disminución excesiva de talones por los herradores. En el estudio estadístico no existió una asociación significativa entre las variables podométricas de la falange distal y el grado de osificación de los cartílagos ungueales. Existió una asociación positiva entre el valor de la carga podal relativa y absoluta de la primera y segunda región del pie, y entre el grado de osificación del cartílago ungueal del lado lateral con el medial. / Ungueal cartilages of the foot, cartilaginous extensions of the distal phalanx, provide support to the palmar aspect of foot, help venous return of it and dissipate impact forces. These can be ossified reducing the dissipation of energy causing a T-BIRT generating lesions in bone and soft structures of the foot. Alterations in the conformation of the limbs and the hoof would have a predisposing effect on ossification, the latter being associated with lesions in other structures such as collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint and distal phalanx. The objective of the present study was to analyze some podometric variables of the hoof and its relationship with the radiographic characterization of the cartilage of the foot in the distal phalanx in horses. Twenty two crossbreed horses were used, between two and 25 years old, subjected to hoof trimming in the last 30 days, which were submitted to radiographic studies and podiatric measurements in both thoracic limbs. Conformation was evaluated through a strict lateromedial view and the dorsopalmar view without obliquity, developing the podometric study through various measurements. Ungular cartilages were evaluated through the dorsopalmar view without obliquity following the classification established by Dyson (2010) (grade 0 to 5). In addition, we used the dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique view at 45° and the palmaroproximal-palmarodistal oblique view, to investigate any alteration of the limbs under study. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis, depending on the normality of the variables, using the InfoStat® program. The results in the dorsopalmar radiographic view indicated that 90.9% of the animals presented some degree of ossification, and only 40.9% had a degree equal or greater than three. This ossification was greater in the left limb and in the lateral cartilage, possibly related to the type of work that these specimens are submitted, since the lateral side lands first at the moment of the support of the hoof causing vibrations that are dissipated through this side of the cartilage. It was also observed that the degree of ossification in the left and right limb increases with age. In the strict lateromedial view, 51% of the total limbs presented a normal phalangeal axis, and 49% an altered phalangeal axis, of which 42% corresponds to a broken back axis and 7% a forward broken axis, possibly due to an excessive reduction of heels by the farrier. In the statistical study there was no significant association between the podometric variables of the distal phalanx and the degree of ossification of the ungular cartilages. There was a positive association between the value of the relative and absolute foot loading of the first and second region of the foot, and between the degree of ossification of the ungual cartilage on the lateral and medial side of the foot

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:58:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 peixoto_cic_me_botfmvz.pdf: 358514 bytes, checksum: 57b69ef642aa731df448cd7ffc6de07f (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações do aparato podotroclear dos cavalos da raça Quarto de Milha acometidos pela doença do navicular utilizando o acesso transcuneal. Foram utilizados 22 animais oriundos da região de Botucatu e Bauru-SP. Estes animais foram submetidos ao exame radiográfico e ultra-sonográfico. No exame radiográfico foi observada a presença de invaginação sinovial de diferentes tipos, além calcificação da bursa podotroclear e tendão flexor digital profundo, entesiófitos, osteófitos e alteração do limite córtico-medular. No exame ultra-sonográfico observou-se alterações da bursa podotroclear, aderência e irregularidades nos bordos do tendão flexor digital profundo, diminuição do coxim digital, calcificação do ligamento sesamóide distal ímpar e irregularidade da superfície flexora do osso sesamóide distal. Todos os animais que apresentavam alteração radiográfica e também apresentaram alteração no exame ultra-sonográfico compatível com a doença do navicular. O exame ultra-sonográfico utilizando o acesso transcuneal foi um método prático e eficiente para avaliação das lesões do aparato podotroclear dos eqüinos, sendo um método complementar ao exame radiográfico. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the podotrochlear apparatus using a transcuneal approach in American Quarter horses suffering from navicular disease. 22 horses from the area of Botucatu and Bauru in São Paulo were evaluated. On those patients, radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluations were performed. On radiograph, different kinds of synovial invaginations, calcifications of the podotrochlear bursa and deep digital flexor tendon, enthesiophytes, osteophytes, and alterations in the cortical-medullary margin were observed. On the ultrasound scans, alterations of the podotrochlear bursa, adherences and irregularities at the surface of the deep digital flexor tendon, diminution of the digital cushion, calcifications of the impar distal sesamoideal ligament, and irregularities of the flexor surface of the distal sesamoid bone were observed. Radiographic and ultrasonographic alterations compatible with navicular disease were present in all of the patients. Ultrasonography using transcuneal approach was a practical and efficient method for evaluating podotrochlear apparatus injuries in equine, thus being a complementary method to radiography.

The navicular disease represents a degenerative disease of the navicular bone and associated structures. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs and nerve or nerve or joint blocks in addition to abnormalities seen in the radiographs. In order to evaluate the relationship of the radiographs findings and histology lesions inside the navicular bursa and adjacent structures 62 distal limb specimen were used in this study. The specimens were radiographed (dorso-palmar, lateral and skyline views) and a bursagram was performed. Then the specimens were processed to harvest the navicular bone and adjacent structures for histopathology. The results of this study showed that the positive predictivity was 71%. Considering only lesions seen at the bursagram the positive predictivity was 50% / A síndrome do navicular é uma patologia de caráter degenerativo que envolve o osso navicular e estruturas adjacentes. Seu diagnóstico baseia-se na história, sinais clínicos, resposta aos bloqueios anestésicos e a presença de anormalidades nas radiografias. Para se avaliar a relação entre os achados radiológicos e histopatológicos foram utilizadas 62 peças anatômicas da porção distal de membros anteriores de eqüinos. Radiografias simples (projeções palmaro-proximal palmaro-distal obliquada -skyline, látero-medial e dorsopalmar 65º) e contrastada da bolsa do navicular foram obtidas. Após, as peças foram dissecadas para realização do exame histopatológico. Os exames radiográficos foram avaliados e os resultados comparados com as alterações encontradas na histologia. Neste estudo obteve-se 71% de probabilidade das lesões radiográficas também serem encontradas na histologia. Alterações visíveis somente na bursografia têm 50% de probabilidade de serem encontradas também na histologia

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario / El síndrome doloroso del talón en equinos es una afección que se puede generar en las estructuras que conforman el aparato podotroclear, como el hueso navicular, los ligamentos sesamoideos colaterales, el ligamento sesamoideo impar distal y la bursa navicular. Caballos cuarto de milla, fina sangre de carrera, razas pesadas y otros de tipo occidental que compiten sobre vallas, están predispuestos a presentar dolor en el talón. Este síndrome a menudo se ve en asociación con el mal equilibrio del pie. Estos factores resultan en fuerzas anormales sobre el hueso navicular y sus ligamentos de soporte, lo cual se expresa como tensiones biomecánicas excesivas que generan cambios degenerativos sobre el hueso navicular y el aparato suspensor de éste. Existen diversas imágenes radiológicas que ayudan al diagnóstico de este síndrome. Sin embargo, el grado de cojera y de anormalidad radiológica a menudo no están correlacionados. Algunos caballos con dolor navicular no tienen cambios radiográficos evidenciables. Ultrasonográficamente, un abordaje palmar del pie a través de la parte distal de la cuartilla y otro, utilizando la ranilla como ventana acústica, pueden entregar información diagnóstica sobre los tejidos blandos que conforman este síndrome. En caballos normales existen variaciones en el área de sección transversal de los tejidos blandos, lo que hace difícil la interpretación de las imágenes ecográficas. Respecto a la analgesia diagnóstica de este síndrome, la interpretación de una respuesta analgésica positiva de la articulación interfalángica distal, bursa navicular o nervios palmares digitales, se hace dificultosa porque la anestesia de una de esas estructuras puede aminorar el dolor de múltiples regiones del pie. Por estos factores, se hace necesario complementar la información dada por las imágenes diagnósticas, con el análisis de los bloqueos anestésicos, de forma que exista una integración de la información obtenida en conjunto con las bases fisiopatológicas de este síndrome, para establecer un diagnóstico preciso.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 peixoto_cic_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 2009371 bytes, checksum: fe6440f23d5a1fdcbb83e1e25ebbdbe5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e mensurar as estruturas do aparato podotroclear dos membros torácicos dos eqüinos, utilizando o acesso ultrassonográfico transcuneal para obter parâmetros de referência para avaliação dos animais suspeitos da doença do navicular, que não apresentaram sinais radiográficos de alterações. Foram examinados 40 cavalos sadios da raça quarto de milha entre um a dois anos de idade, oriundos das cidades Paulistas. As imagens ultrassonográficas obtidas no plano sagital foram as seguintes: coxim digital (heterogêneo e hipoecóico), a margem palmar TFDP/LAD (hiperecóica) e a margem dorsal próxima à superfície flexora do osso sesamóide distal (hipoecóica), bursa podotroclear (anecóica), superfície flexora (hiperecóica) e o ligamento sesamóide distal ímpar (hipoecóico). A média e desvio padrão em relação espessura das estruturas do aparato podotroclear dos membros torácicos direito e esquerdo foram: 3,76 mm para MAD e 3,83 mm MAE para BP; 3,68,mm MAD e 3,80mm MAE para TFDP/LAD; 9,13mm MAD e 9,12mm MAE para CD e 4,12mm MAD e 4,02mm MAE para LSDI. Não houve correlação significativa entre o peso dos animais avaliados e as mensurações (espessura) das estruturas do aparato podotroclear dos MAD e MAE / The objective of this study is the evaluation and measurement of the structures found in the podotrochlear apparatus of equines thoracic limbs. For this, a transcuneal ultrasonographic approach was used in order to obtain reference parameters to analyse animals suspected of suffering from navicular disease, but which had not presented radiographic signs of alterations. Forty sound American Quarter horses from the state of São Paulo, aging one to two years, were examined. The ultrasonographic images obtained from the sagital plane were: digital cushion (DC) (heterogeneous and hypoechoic), palmar margin DDFT/DAL (hypoechoic) and the dorsal margin next to the flexor surface of the distal sesamoid bone (hypoechoic), podotrochlear bursa (PB) (anechoic), flexor surface (hyperechoic) and impar distal sesamoideal ligament (IDSL) (hypoechoic). The mean and standard deviation for thickness of the podotrochlear apparatus structures of left and right forelimbs are: 3.76mm and 3.83m for BP; 3.68mm and 3.80mm for DDFT/DAL; 9.13mm and 9.12mm for CD and 4.12mm and 4.02mm for IDSL. There were no significant correlations between the animals weight and the thickness of the podotrochlear apparatus structures of the right forelimbs and left

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Vulcano / Banca: Carlos Alberto Hussni / Banca: Celso Antonio Rodrigues / Banca: Stefano C. Filipo Hagen / Banca: Daniel Augusto Barroso Lessa / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e mensurar as estruturas do aparato podotroclear dos membros torácicos dos eqüinos, utilizando o acesso ultrassonográfico transcuneal para obter parâmetros de referência para avaliação dos animais suspeitos da doença do navicular, que não apresentaram sinais radiográficos de alterações. Foram examinados 40 cavalos sadios da raça quarto de milha entre um a dois anos de idade, oriundos das cidades Paulistas. As imagens ultrassonográficas obtidas no plano sagital foram as seguintes: coxim digital (heterogêneo e hipoecóico), a margem palmar TFDP/LAD (hiperecóica) e a margem dorsal próxima à superfície flexora do osso sesamóide distal (hipoecóica), bursa podotroclear (anecóica), superfície flexora (hiperecóica) e o ligamento sesamóide distal ímpar (hipoecóico). A média e desvio padrão em relação espessura das estruturas do aparato podotroclear dos membros torácicos direito e esquerdo foram: 3,76 mm para MAD e 3,83 mm MAE para BP; 3,68,mm MAD e 3,80mm MAE para TFDP/LAD; 9,13mm MAD e 9,12mm MAE para CD e 4,12mm MAD e 4,02mm MAE para LSDI. Não houve correlação significativa entre o peso dos animais avaliados e as mensurações (espessura) das estruturas do aparato podotroclear dos MAD e MAE / Abstract: The objective of this study is the evaluation and measurement of the structures found in the podotrochlear apparatus of equines thoracic limbs. For this, a transcuneal ultrasonographic approach was used in order to obtain reference parameters to analyse animals suspected of suffering from navicular disease, but which had not presented radiographic signs of alterations. Forty sound American Quarter horses from the state of São Paulo, aging one to two years, were examined. The ultrasonographic images obtained from the sagital plane were: digital cushion (DC) (heterogeneous and hypoechoic), palmar margin DDFT/DAL (hypoechoic) and the dorsal margin next to the flexor surface of the distal sesamoid bone (hypoechoic), podotrochlear bursa (PB) (anechoic), flexor surface (hyperechoic) and impar distal sesamoideal ligament (IDSL) (hypoechoic). The mean and standard deviation for thickness of the podotrochlear apparatus structures of left and right forelimbs are: 3.76mm and 3.83m for BP; 3.68mm and 3.80mm for DDFT/DAL; 9.13mm and 9.12mm for CD and 4.12mm and 4.02mm for IDSL. There were no significant correlations between the animals weight and the thickness of the podotrochlear apparatus structures of the right forelimbs and left / Doutor