No description available.

No description available.

Neem, Azadirachta indica, products were tested for toxic, growth regulating, primary antifeedant, and secondary antifeedant effects on Dermestes maculatus, under conditions approximating those found in storage facilities. Toxic and growth regulating effects were investigated using topical application of mineral oil, neem oil, purified azadirachtin/methanol solution, and 10% neem seed kernel extract/methanol solution. All neem treatments exhibited higher mortality than the mineral oil treatment 5, 10, and 14 days after the application of the treatments; larvae treated with neem products often failed to pupate and never emerged as adults. Primary antifeedant effects of azadirachtin (1.5 g/L and 5 g/L) were investigated with an original no-choice feeding bioassay. Significant primary antifeedant effects were observed which were persistent for up to 13 weeks for adults and 17 weeks for larvae. Significant secondary antifeedant effects were also demonstrated after topical application of azadirachtin (.125 g/L, .25 g/L and .5 g/L) to the larvae.

Thesis (M.Ph.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliography.

No description available.

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, is an economic tephritid that invaded Senegal in 2004 (Vayssieres et al. 2011). This work determined 1) Impact of B. dorsalis on mango crop production and value, and marketing practices, 2) Effect of neem and kaolin on its behavior and development (laboratory and field), and 3) Effect of treated soil with neem seed cake (NSC) and neem seed powder (NSP) on the larval-pupal survival and development (laboratory and field). Results revealed crop value (price/kg) was associated with infestation levels. P<0.0001, crop value decreased in highly infested orchards. Southern Orchards were heavily infested than northern orchards. Early harvest, orchard sanitation, decreasing the purchase quantity, sorting infested mangoes and lowering prices were strategies used by growers and traders. Laboratory bioassays showed females landed and spent time on fruit identically on control and neem. On kaolin there were fewer landings and less time spent. P<0.0001, mean pupae was higher in control than in treated mangoes. In the field, percent of infested mangoes was higher in neem than in control and kaolin. However, the number of emerged flies was higher in the control than in either the neem or kaolin-treated fruit. Treated soil with NSC and with NSP did not have effect on pupation; all larvae pupated in the lab. However, treated soil decreased significantly the number of emerged flies. In the field, there were no significant differences between untreated and treated soil in number of emerged flies. / Master of Science in Life Sciences

No description available.

Os objetivos foram avaliar a presença de Candida spp. em escovas dentais; a eficácia do Periogard® e do Neem Sattiva®, em spray, na desinfecção destas escovas; a atividade antimicrobiana, in vitro, do Neem Sattiva®, do Periogard® e da solução de gluconato de clorexidina a 0,5% por meio da Diluição Inibitória Máxima (DIMax); e a capacidade de Candida spp. formar biofilme, in vitro, sobre as cerdas e hastilhas de escovas dentais (empregando a técnica de cultura microbiana e a microscopia eletrônica de varredura). Participaram do estudo clínico randomizado 61 estudantes de Odontologia da FORP USP. O estudo foi realizado em três etapas. Em cada etapa, os voluntários receberam escovas novas e realizaram a escovação dentária sem dentifrício, por dois minutos. Cada solução foi borrifada sobre as cerdas das escovas por seis vezes. Após quatro horas à temperatura ambiente, as escovas foram submetidas ao processamento microbiológico para o isolamento e identificação das espécies de Candida. A DIMax dos antissépticos foi realizada utilizando o método da diluição em ágar. As escovas dentais de 37,3% dos indivíduos estavam contaminadas por Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis e Candida sp.). O Periogard® e o Neem Sattiva®, em spray, inibiram o crescimento de Candida spp. em 40,9 e 9,1% das escovas, respectivamente. Portanto, o spray de Periogard® foi mais eficaz que o spray de Neem Sattiva® para esse propósito. As DIMaxs do Neem Sattiva®, do Periogard® e da solução de clorexidina a 0,5% frente a 63 cepas de Candida spp. foram 1/10, 1/20 e 1/40, respectivamente. Candida spp. foram capazes de formar biofilme, in vitro, sobre hastilhas (polietileno de baixa densidade) de escovas dentais. O mesmo não ocorreu nas cerdas de náilon. / The purposes were to evaluate the presence of Candida spp. on toothbrushes; the efficacy of Periogard® and Neem Sattiva®, in spray, in the disinfection of these toothbrushes; the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Neem Sattiva®, Periogard® and solution containing 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate by the Maximum Inhibitory Dilution (MID); and the ability of Candida spp. to form biofilm in vitro on the bristles and small sticks of toothbrushes (using the microbial culture technique and scanning electron microscopy). In the randomized clinical study participated 61 students matriculated at the Dentistry course of the FORP USP. The study was performed into three phases. In each phase, volunteers received new toothbrushes and performed toothbrushing with no dentifrice, during two minutes. Each solution was sprayed six times on the toothbrush bristles. After four hours at room temperature, toothbrushes were submitted to microbiological processing for the isolation and identification of Candida species. MID of antiseptics was performed using the agar dilution method. Toothbrushes used by 37.3% of subjects were contaminated by Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and Candida sp.). Periogard® and Neem Sattiva®, in spray, inhibited growth of Candida spp. in 40.9 and 9.1% of toothbrushes, respectively. Therefore, Periogard® spray was more efficacious than Neem Sattiva® spray for this purpose. MID of Neem Sattiva®, Periogard® and solution containing 0.5% chlorhexidine against 63 Candida spp. strains were 1/10, 1/20 and 1/40, respectively. Candida spp. were able to form biofilm in vitro on the toothbrush small sticks (low-density polyethylene). This did not occur on the nylon bristles.

O uso de pinos de fibra de vidro são cada vez mais comuns em reabilitação oral, dessa forma vários sistemas de adesão são encontrados no mercado. Porém ainda há o desafio de manter assepsia do conduto para cimentação do pino sem contaminação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação de soluções irrigantes na adesão de cimento auto-adesivo em casos de cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro. Foram utilizados 75 caninos superiores humanos hígidos seccionados transversalmente, de modo que restaram16mm de comprimento radicular partindo do ápice. Estes dentes foram tratados endodonticamente e receberam preparo com profundidade de 12 mm. Após a inclusão das raízes em resina acrílica receberam irrigação com as soluções: G1 - Soro fisiológico; G2 - Extrato Alcoólico de Neem; G3 - EDTA 17%; G4 Hipoclorito de Sódio 2,5%; G5 - Gluconato de Clorexidina 2%. Após a cimentação dos pinos de fibra de vidro com cimento auto-adesivo estes foram submetidos a teste de tração pull out. Foram obtidos slices das raízes em corte transversal para análise em microscópio confocal a laser e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Realizou-se teste ANOVA e Tukey para análise estatística. As seguintes médias em Newtons foram observadas: G1 - 334,0; G2 - 265,9; G3 - 281,7; G4 - 205,7; G5 - 303,1.Pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura notou-se que G4 apresentou maior degradação da dentina, G2 mostrou maior deposição de debris. Pela análise confocal observou-se prevalência de falhas adesivas. Após análise dos dados concluiu-se que o gluconato de clorexidina foi a solução que apresentou melhor força de adesão comparada às demais, além de não degradar a dentina e não deixar resíduos. Conclui-se que a Clorexidina ainda é um interessante irrigante prévio a cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro devido às propriedades apresentadas. / The use of glass fiber posts are increasingly common in oral rehabilitation thus various adhesion systems are found on the market. But there is still the challenge of maintaining the root canal aseptic for luting post without contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between irrigating solutions in the selfadhesive cement in cases of luting glass fiber post. A total of 75 human maxillary canines healthy were sectioned, so that remaining 16 mm of root length from the apex. The roots were endodontic treated and post space preparation were12mm. Then, after inclusion in acrylic resin they were separated in groups according to irrigation protocol: G1 - Saline Solution; G2 - Neem Alcoholic Extract; G3 - EDTA 17%; G4 Sodium Hipocloryte 2,5%; G5 - Chlorhexidine Gel 2%. After luting of glass fiber posts with self adhesive cement these were subjected to tensile test pull out. Slices were obtained in the root cross section for analysis in confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey tests. The following averages in Newtons were observed: G1 - 334,0; G2 - 265,9; G3 - 281,7; G4 - 205,7; G5 - 303,1. By scanning electron microscopy it was noted that G4 showed higher degradation of dentin, G2 showed greater deposition of debris. By confocal analysis showed a prevalence of adhesive failures. After analyzing the data it is concluded that the G5 group showed the best bond strength compared to the others, and does not degrade the dentine and not leaving residue. It follows that the chlorhexidine is still an interesting prior irrigating cementing glass fiber post due to the properties presented.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA14MA128.pdf: 310597 bytes, checksum: a3e0e2189761ad026f58f740503dd0c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Due to high levels of parasite resistance to different commercial active ingredients, new control alternatives are being studied, including the phytotherapy. These measures aim to search for helper methods in the control of parasitic diseases. However, there are many products available in the market and they have no scientific proof of its efficacy or possible side effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and hepatic effects following administration of Neem pie (Azadirachta indica) in sheep. Three strengths of Neem cake was added to the mineral salt (1, 2 and 4 %) and administered during 126 days to 32 Lacaune sheep breed, divided into four groups: three groups for different treatments and a control were tested, which received mineral salt. Blood samples were taken every 21 days to perform the complete blood count, serum total plasma protein and fibrinogen and liver biochemical evaluation. In those same times, fecal samples were collected for quantification of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Statistical differences between times and groups for several variables were observed, but without being related to the administration of Neem pie. The results of complete blood count, measurement of total plasma protein, fibrinogen and hepatic clinical biochemistry indicated that administration of Neem pie at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4%, does not interfere in hematological values , or on the integrity and liver function Lacaune sheep breed / Devido aos altos índices de resistência dos parasitas aos diferentes princípios ativos comerciais, novas alternativas de controle vêm sendo estudadas, entre elas a fitoterapia. Essas medidas visam a busca de métodos auxiliares no controle das parasitoses, entretanto, muitos produtos estão disponíveis no mercado e não têm comprovação científica de sua eficácia ou de possíveis efeitos colaterais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos hematológicos e hepáticos após a administração de torta de Neem (Azadirachta indica) em ovinos. Foram testadas três dosagens da torta de Neem adicionada ao sal mineral (1, 2 e 4%), administradas por 126 dias para 32 ovinos da raça Lacaune, divididos em quatro grupos sendo três grupos para os diferentes tratamentos e um controle, o qual recebeu somente sal mineral. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas a cada 21 dias para realização do hemograma completo, dosagem de proteína plasmática total e fibrinogênio e avaliação da bioquímica clínica hepática. Nestas mesmas ocasiões, amostras de fezes foram coletadas para a quantificação de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre momentos e grupos para diversas variáveis, porém sem estarem relacionadas à administração de torta de Neem. Os resultados obtidos de hemograma completo, dosagem de proteína plasmática total, fibrinogênio e de bioquímica clínica hepática indicaram que a administração de torta de Neem nas concentrações de 1, 2 e 4%, não interfere nos valores hematológicos, nem sobre a integridade e função hepática de ovinos da raça Lacaune