This thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical. The theoretical part contains six chapters and it is written in the form of a literature review. In these chapters, there are gradually characterized the features of indoor environmental quality and indoor air quality, which are associated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their sources. Then following chapter deals with the effects of VOCs on human health and the possibilities of how to avoid these influences in the apartment interior. Among other things, the literary review deals with outdoor air quality in the area of the examined objects as one of the factors that influence the indoor air quality. The last chapter is devoted to legislation that relates to the researched topic. Main, practical part of the thesis id divided into five chapters. It deals with the measurement of VOCs in four different apartments in a period of three seasons (fall, winter, spring). These chapters describe the assessed objects and the corresponding measurement methodology used together with the devices, by which the measuring and subsequent analysis of the interior load VOCSs were carried out. The last chapter of the practical section discusses the results of measurements and their interpretation of the word.

This diploma thesis deals with the problem of the drinking-regime keeping in case of patients in hospices and in case of seniors living on their own. The phrase 'drinking regime' means correct fluid supplement which is necessary for a human body. It is the main way to recover the daily fluid loss. The intake of fluids is essential at any age, though even more essential it is at the old age, when the human body encounters considerable natural decrease in amount of fluids and what is more, when a man also loses the feeling of thirst. To stay healthy and in a good shape, it is necessary to maintain a balance between the intake and expenditure of fluids during a day. From this point of view, it is important to have a regular fluid intake during a day - especially to drink sth. before one starts to feel thirsty.

Synopsis Ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP) presents a severe complication in the care for the mechanically-ventilated patient and its importance rises with the increasing number of resistant microorganisms, which causes VAP. VAP increases morbidity and mortality of the patients, prolongs their hospitalization and leads to the increase of direct and indirect treatment expenses. Options of treatment are sometimes difficult, costly and inefficient, thereby the need to prevent the occurance of VAP by employing a set of preventive measures is needed. Employing and enforcing those measures can decrease the incidence of VAP and thus to improve prognosis of the critically-ill patients in the intesive care. The goal of the experimental part of this thesis was to audit the employment of these preventive measures in practice. A survey using questionnaires and observing the situation on KAR FNKV have shown, that some measures are performed correctly, while some present a space for improvement, some are performed incorrectly or not at all.

The basic theoretical basis: According to demographic development the average and maximum lifespan prolongs. Therefore global population spends a bigger part of adulthood in their old age. This phenomenon is irreversible and brings significant changes into global geriatric nursing and we need to take note of the care that is provided to old patients. The seniors form an irreplaceable and a more and more considerable part of population, they create a varied group with individual needs, priorities and demands in sickness as in health. It is the very polymorbidity of senior patients which is often the reason for a long-term hospitalization. Nowadays, for these purposes more and more beds are built in long-term care facilities (LTCF) which are officially defined as specialized medical institutions which provide care to patients whose health states cannot be substantially improved by any medical treatment as they worsen without a continuous care. The life quality of seniors and the quality of the provided care in these facilities are the main long-term care level indicators. The goals of the thesis: 1) Ascertain the life quality of seniors hospitalized in long-term care institutions. The research questions: 1) How does the hospitalization of seniors in LTCF influence their subjectively perceived quality of life? 2) In which areas do seniors hospitalized in LTCF feel the difference of life quality in LTCF and at home? 3) How are the patients in LTCF satisfied with the quality of health care? 4) Within the rise of seniors' life quality in LTCF, in which areas should the nurse improve the provided care? Methods employed: For the empirical part of the thesis the qualitative analysis of gathered data method was used. The data accumulation was implemented by semi-structured interviews with clients-patients hospitalized in LTCF. The instructions for the interviews were adopted from a QOL Research Unit life quality model of the university in Toronto. This model emphasizes the individual's relations towards the surroundings and the possibilities of maintaining and improving skills. It is divided into 3 categories - existence, togetherness and adaptability. Interview transcriptions create a part of the thesis on an enclosed CD. For illustrative purposes, the results of the research were transformed into mind maps using the XMind software. There are also annotations with respondents' quotations concerning individual map as a part of the thesis. The results: The analysis of in-depth interview gathered information brought several factors which are highly subjective and have a logical level of individuality. The results concerning the research of the seniors' life quality dimensions are more or less in agreement with the basic division found in professional literature. However, they bring a further view on these dimensions and introduce subjective opinions, wishes and evaluation of seniors who found themselves in unknown environment of LTCF. The positive influence of nurses, which often impact the satisfaction of seniors in a medical institution, proved its importance. However, it was the area of communication skills of medical staff which was mentioned as lacking or insufficient. Also the fields of free time activities, seniors' adaptation in LTCF and social isolation were found to be neglected. Conclusion: The long-term care becomes, thanks to demographic development, the most rapidly evolving kind of health care. The emphasis on life quality of hospitalized seniors, as their biggest consumers, should be a matter of course for every medical and social facility. The contribution of the thesis is in detailed mapping of the issue of life quality in LTCF, warning against lack in health care and the neglected fields of life quality.

A modern person spends most time closed inside houses, offices, schools and other institutions, and if he feels unwell or experiences accute health and comfort effects, his every day life can be highly influenced both mentally and physically. Most symptoms of illnesses or indispositions appear in people living or working inside buildings for no apparent reason. Having left the building, health problems often diminish or even disappear. The complaints mostly include irritation of eye mucous membranes, upper and lower airways and skin, hypersensitiveness, mental and physical fatique, stomach upset and diziness. It is known as a ``sick building syndrome``. ``Sick building syndrome`` (SBS) results into significant decrease of human performance and frequent absences. However, it can lead to worse interpersonal relations, often connected with lower productivity of labour. ``Sick building syndrome`` has been known for many years. Its occurence is numerous but the cause for it have not yet been revealed. More negative factors seem to coincide. The positive moment is that many people are aware of the problem so many new SBS studies and publications have appeared recently. This diploma thesis consists of two parts. The first one, theoretical, and the other is practical. The practical part is focused on research work. The goal of my thesis was to compare a modern air-conditioned building with an older one, without air-conditioning while observing the SBS symptoms which appeared in office occupants in České Budějovice. I also investigated public awareness of this problem together with other issues related. I consider the findings very contributive to professionals in this field, the National Institute of Public Health and common population interested in the problem.

The thesis is devoted to the issue of involuntary hospitalization in the field of psychiatry. Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization is accompanied by a wide range of ethical issues and practical problems. In the theoretical part of the thesis I describe the involuntary hospitalization from several different points of view. I pay attention to international conventions and documents relating to the issue, reveal the historical roots of involuntary hospitalization, compare the situation in different European countries and mention some important judicial decisions concerning the involuntary admission of a person. Using a comprehensive approach I map all the important aspects of this sensitive area in health care provision. In the research part, using both - the quantitative and the qualitative approach, I offer a more detailed look at two selected aspects surrounding the involuntary hospitalization. The first part of the research is focused on the subjective experiences of involuntarily admitted patients. 88 patients participated in the research. These patients described their perception of coercion, the possibility or impossibility of influencing decisions about hospitalization and subsequent treatment, the level of autonomy and emotional experience. The second part of the research is aimed at...

The submitted dissertation of the PhD study programme Longevity Studies was prepared and financially supported by the project GAUK - Grant Agency of Charles University No. 760219 entitled "Met and Unmet Needs Of Particularly Vulnerable Older Patients in Home and Inpatient Care", of which I am a co-investigator. The mentioned research project is also in the intentions of the strategic plan and long-term activities of the research team CELLO (Center for the Study of Longevity and Long-Term Care), which is the scientific basis of the PhD study programme Longevity Studies. The main goal of the GAUK project is to provide a comprehensive overview of the needs of vulnerable older patients who are provided health care. The project is focused on three areas, which are: the needs of patients with dementia, the needs of geriatric patients at home and the needs of geriatric patients in hospital care. Partial goals are the exploration of current knowledge of the issue based on a review of Czech and foreign literature. The aim of the survey is to find out attitudes and opinions on satisfying needs from the perspective of patients and healthcare professionals. The practical goal is to create recommendations for good practice for the health care of these patients. The dissertation consists of a total of seven...

The thesis is devoted to the issue of involuntary hospitalization in the field of psychiatry. Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization is accompanied by a wide range of ethical issues and practical problems. In the theoretical part of the thesis I describe the involuntary hospitalization from several different points of view. I pay attention to international conventions and documents relating to the issue, reveal the historical roots of involuntary hospitalization, compare the situation in different European countries and mention some important judicial decisions concerning the involuntary admission of a person. Using a comprehensive approach I map all the important aspects of this sensitive area in health care provision. In the research part, using both - the quantitative and the qualitative approach, I offer a more detailed look at two selected aspects surrounding the involuntary hospitalization. The first part of the research is focused on the subjective experiences of involuntarily admitted patients. 88 patients participated in the research. These patients described their perception of coercion, the possibility or impossibility of influencing decisions about hospitalization and subsequent treatment, the level of autonomy and emotional experience. The second part of the research is aimed at...

The aim of the diploma thesis is to map out the subjective view of volunteers on the psychosocial needs of patients at the Long-term care department in the Královské Vinohrady Faculty Hospital. The work first focuses on the characteristics of patients in a long-term treatment. It also provides the overview of their psychological and social needs and about those who play a role in meeting these needs. The reconnaissance survey identifies areas where volunteers complement the work of social workers and care staff. In the evaluation, the results of the interviews with volunteers are compared with the opinions of the patients themselves

This thesis deals with the relationship between HVAC systems and internal microclimate of buildings. The work discusses briefly about different components which are formulating internal microclimate. More details are then focused on the issue of microbial microclimate.