Si les lieux et les pratiques de l’architecture sont communément décrits par des termes empruntés aux arts (atelier, création, œuvre), la discipline a recours de façon croissante à des termes scientifiques (laboratoire, expérimentation, recherche). Cet intérêt contemporain pour des activités liées à la recherche scientifique se cristallise autour du « laboratoire architectural », une notion aujourd’hui courante dont les premières matérialisations remontent à la fin du XIXe siècle et dont la présence se renforce avec le récent « tournant numérique ». Or ce terme reste aujourd’hui sans définition claire. Qu’est‐ce qu’un « laboratoire architectural »? Quels éléments en constituent‐ils le modèle théorique? Quels sont les enjeux liés à l’émergence de la figure du laboratoire en architecture ? Pourquoi et pour quoi les architectes ont-ils recours à la figure du laboratoire ? La thèse s’organise en deux grandes parties, chacune structurée autour d’une série de questions complémentaires dans le but de rendre compte de la façon la plus complète de la nature du laboratoire architectural. La première partie apporte un éclairage historique sur la création de la figure du laboratoire architectural et se conclut sur une explicitation des grands éléments constitutifs d’un modèle du laboratoire architectural. Les cas étudiés sont le Architectural Laboratory du Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), les nombreux laboratoires architecturaux des avant-gardes russes des années 1920, et le cas remarquable qu’est le Laboratory for Design Correlation fondé et dirigé par Frederick Kiesler à l’Université Columbia (1937–1942). Cette étude de cas se conclut sur la formulation des trois grands éléments constitutifs d’un modèle du laboratoire architectural qui sont 1. l’instrumentation matérielle, 2. la méthode de travail, et 3. les échanges sociaux. La seconde partie explicite chacun de ces trois axes en montrant de quelle manière ils ont structuré trois grandes catégories de laboratoires architecturaux, soit 1. le laboratoire comme ensemble d’instruments, 2. le laboratoire comme application d’une méthode et 3. le laboratoire comme flux d’échanges sociaux. La conclusion de la thèse traite des multiples enjeux que soulève le laboratoire architectural en abordant celui-ci dans sa relation à la discipline et hors de la discipline et se clôt sur la formulation d’un modèle théorique du laboratoire architectural. A travers l’explicitation de ce qui apparait comme un « paradigme du laboratoire », cette recherche épistémologique se veut une contribution à la théorisation de l’architecture contemporaine. / Architectural sites and practices are commonly described in terms borrowed from the arts (studio, creation, masterpiece) and yet, the architectural field relies increasingly on scientific terms (laboratory experimentation, research). This contemporary interest in activities related to scientific research appears to coalesce around the now common notion of "architectural laboratory". Its first materialization dates back to the late nineteenth century and its presence has greatly increased since the recent "digital turn", although this term remains, to this day, still not properly defined. What is an "architectural laboratory"? What elements form its theoretical model? What are the issues related to the emergence of the figure of the "architectural laboratory"? Why and for what purpose do architects refer to the figure of the laboratory? The thesis is organized into two parts, each part being structured around a series of additional questions in order to access the complex nature of the architectural laboratory. The first section provides a historical perspective on the appearance of the figure of the architectural laboratory and concludes with an analysis of the major components of the architectural laboratory model. The case studies are the Architectural Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the numerous architectural laboratories of the 1920s Russian avant-gardes and the remarkable case that is the Laboratory for Design Correlation founded and directed by Frederick J. Kiesler at Columbia University (1937–1942). This case study results in the formulation of the three major components of a model of architectural laboratory: 1. the material instrumentation, 2. the working method, and 3. the social exchanges. The second part will clarify each of these three axes, showing how they have structured three major categories of architectural laboratories, being 1. the laboratory as a set of instruments, 2. the laboratory as application of a method, and 3. the laboratory as social exchange flows. The conclusion of the thesis tackles the multiple issues raised by the architectural laboratory by considering the impact of this notion both within the discipline of architecture and outside of its limits. The thesis concludes with the formulation of a theoretical model of the architectural laboratory. Through the clarification of what appears to be a "paradigm of the laboratory", this epistemological research is a contribution to the theory of contemporary architecture.

<p>Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije je mogućnost uspostavljanja modela Big Data sistema sa pripadajućom softversko &ndash;&nbsp; hardverskom arhitekturom za podr&scaron;ku senzorskim mrežama i IoT uređajima. Razvijeni model počiva na energetsko efikasnim, heterogenim, masovno paralelizovaim SoC hardverskim platformama, uz podr&scaron;ku softverske aplikativne arhitekture (poput OpenCL) za unifikovan rad.<br />Pored aktuelnih hardverskih, softverskih i mrežnih računarskih tehnologija i arhitektura namenjenih za rad podkomponenata modelovanog sistema u radu je predstavljen istorijski osvrt na njihov razvoj. Time je nagla&scaron;ena tendencija cikličnog kretanja koncepcijskih paradigmi računarstva, kroz svojevrstne ere centralizacije &ndash; decentralizacije computinga. U radu su predstavljene tehnologije i metode za ubrzavanje operacija&nbsp; u bazama i skladi&scaron;tima podataka. Istražene su mogućnosti za bolju pripremu Big Data informacionih sistema&nbsp; koji treba da zadovolje potrebe&nbsp; novo najavljene informatičke revolucije op&scaron;te primene računarstva tzv. Ubiquitous computing-a i Interneta stvari (IoT).</p> / <p>The research topic of this doctoral thesis is the possibility of establishing a model for Big Data System with corresponding software-hardware architecture to support sensor networks and IoT devices.&nbsp; The developed model is based on energy efficient, heterogeneous, massively parallelized SoC hardware platforms, with the support of software application architecture. (Such as an open CL) for unified operation.&nbsp; In addition to current hardware, software and network computing technologies, and architecture intended to operate subcomponents of the system modeled in this paper is presented as an historical overview of their development.&nbsp; Which emphasizes the tendency of the cyclic movement of the conceptual paradigm of computing, through the unique era of centralization/decentralization of computing. The thesis presents the technology and methods to accelerate operations in databases and data warehouses. We also investigate the possibilities for a better preparation of Big Data information systems to meet the needs of the newly announced IT revolution in the announced general application of computing called Ubiquitous computing and the Internet of Things (IoT).</p>