Researchers have argued that a reason for non-medical use of prescription psychostimulants is to self-medicate an undiagnosed case of ADHD. Therefore, this study examined neuropsychological complaints in college students with and without a history of prescription psychostimulant use. College students (N = 615) completed an Internet-based survey assessing behaviors associated with prescription psychostimulant use and symptoms of neuropsychological impairment. The results of the current study support the hypothesis that college students who non-medically use prescription psychostimulants report more symptoms of cognitive impairment (i.e., memory and attention complaints) than college students classified as non-users. Complaints about memory and attention were as common in non-medical users as medical users. Overall, the results suggest that non-medical users may use prescription psychostimulants due to perceived symptoms of ADHD.