Sweden is currently viewed as a small country of North Europe. However, it can be proud of a long historical tradition with a number of political successes -- the fact that there has not been a war for more than two hundred years due to neutrality can be considered as the biggest one. The neutrality is perceived as a politico-security conception. The thesis tries to sum up the perception of Swedish neutrality, to chart its changes in time and to measure its compatibility with the EU membership through the observation of the Swedish foreign policy, the participation in Common Foreign and Security Policy, Common Security and Defence Policy and the preparation of the EU Council Presidency. The aim is to confirm the hypothesis that Sweden is due to changes in the perception of neutrality concept the full member of the European Union also in such complex things as Common Foreign and Security Policy and the Common Security and Defence Policy.

Regulation of Internet Abstract The internet is today one of the most rapidly evolving technological tools at our disposal. What started out being used for research and academic purposes over four decades ago, has evolved into a behemoth virtual community that has been shaped by millions of role-players and users. What started out as a self-regulated platform is coming under serious scrutiny as more and more we are finding that the current regulatory framework has massive gaping holes and human rights breaches are happening by the thousands, on a daily basis, across various internet platforms. It seems it is only a matter of time before a serious human rights or data catastrophe is on our hands. Regulation created under the stress of trying to recover from a catastrophe would be strict and have excessively tight controls and result in the loss of many freedoms which the internet has afforded the world. It is in light of this that the topic of the regulation of the internet is explored through this thesis. The internet has grown and evolved exponentially, and it is time that regulation of this space catches up to this evolution and is able to effectively govern and regulate this vast and multidimensional layer. The aim of this diploma thesis was to understand the dynamic relationship between regulation and...

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na aktuální vývoj integračního procesu Švýcarska a Evropské unie. Zhodnocení vztahů vychází především z Bilaterálních dohod I a II. Zohledněny jsou základní pilíře švýcarské národní hrdosti (federalismus, přímá demokracie a neutralita). Zobrazeno je kromě vztahu s EU i členství Švýcarska v mezinárodních organizacích. Pozornost je věnována cestovnímu ruchu Švýcarska, který tvoří jeden z důležitých příjmů země. Součástí práce je také komparace s Rakouskem, a to z pohledu rozdílů v integrační strategii a její dopady na ekonomiku a dále z pohledu postavení cestovního ruchu v ekonomice.

The aim of the thesis is to examine the aspects and benefits of neutrality for both Sweden and the international community, to look for the causes of its current changing and problematic situation and to identify the opportunities it still offers. The text therefore answers these research questions: What was the contribution of neutrality to Sweden's security policy in the 20th century? What was the contribution of Swedish neutrality to the international community in the 20th century? What has changed and how that, since the end of the Cold War, Swedish neutrality has been transformed? What opportunities does Swedish security policy offer today? In accordance with the aims and questions, the topic is elaborated as an historical interpretive (and explanatory) and literature-assessing dissertation. Its first part (chapter 1) is a conceptual analysis and a state of the art review of the wider context of the topic. The second part (chapters 2 and 3) is a qualitative single case study. As to theory, the thesis draws from liberalism, constructivism and the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. The changes in (international) security and Swedish security policy and neutrality are interpreted in the context of globalisation processes. The text identifies two notions of security - military and open/liberal, which it links to two dimensions of political neutrality - realistic and idealistic and, by applying them, answers the questions asked. It concludes that the Swedish security policy or neutrality has been and is primarily about finding effective and legitimate alternatives and ways to implement them in a transforming, complex and uncertain world.

Tato diplomová práce analyzuje rakouskou teorii hospodářského cyklu. Představuje její základní stavební kameny. V této teorii neexistuje rozlišení mezi krátkým a dlouhým obdobím, proto je spojena analýza hospodářského cyklu a hospodářského růstu. Hlavním klíčem k jejímu pochopení je teorie kapitálu, jež se zrcadlí v tzv. intertemporální struktuře produkce. Hospodářský cyklus je způsoben monetárním šokem, který atakuje cenový systém ekonomiky, zejména pak úrokovou míru. Tyto disturbance narušují intertemporální strukturu kapitálu a zahajují hospodářský cyklus. Diplomová práce analyzuje ne-neutralitu peněz, a to i v případě změn poptávky po penězích. Dále se pokouší představit slabiny této teorie a nalézá možná řešení. Diplomová práce také porovnává rakouskou teorii s moderními teoriemi hospodářského cyklu a upozorňuje na některé vady těchto teorií. Na závěr jsou vysvětleny hlavní pohyby české ekonomiky pomocí rakouské teorie hospodářského cyklu.

The thesis analyses Austrian security policy after 1989. After the end of Cold war new possibilities appeared which changed the concept of neutrality and opened door to new opportunities regarding cooperation, for example in a field of security and crisis management. Apart of this, security threats changed and forced Austria to modify its doctrine of neutrality. Membership in the European Union or in an Eastern Partnership gave new perspectives to the Austrian involvement. Contemporary collaboration with Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe remained if not increased. Home political debate about being a member of EU and NATO showed its limits in a sense that neutrality is still something very essential to Austrian national identity. The next reason for Austria being neutral is simply that does not possess infinite amount of finance or human resources which would let domestic political elite change perception about their state neutrality.

Finnish-Russian relations after the end of Cold war are considered to be a unique form of cooperation between countries of different ideological backgrounds. This thesis focuses on the analysis of mutual historical relations of Finland and Russia, which overlap to the time after the end of the Cold war; these are deep rooted in Finland's primary endeavor to keep its status of neutrality. The main aim of this thesis is the evaluation of Finnish postneutrality as an effective tool of foreign policy against Russia with respect to the historical reflection of both countries with most regard to the social and cultural differences in the society. The base theory for determinating mutual sociocultural distinction is social constructivism from which the national identities are defined. These are essential for the enemy image provision and above all for the evaluation of the Finnish foreign policy and Finnish political behavior towards Russia. The changes and transformation of the concept of postneutrality follows in regard to the integration process in Europe with the emphasis on the security keeping possibilities related to the potential accession to NATO.

The thesis focuses on methods of option prices calculations using two different pricing models which are Heston and Black-Scholes models. The first part describes theory of these two models and conlcudes with a comparison of the risk-neutral measures of these two models. In the second part, the relations between input parameters and the option price generated by these models are clarified. This part ends up with an analysis of the market data and it answers the question which model predicts better.

This thesis deals with the transformation of Austrian neutrality. Austria became neutral in 1955 because neutrality was seen as the most appropriate option for Austria to become an independent state. Austria has always appreciated its neutrality because it enabled an undisturbed development during the period of the Cold War. Only the European integration remained during this time a sensitive issue. After the Cold War, Austria started to redefine its neutrality to be able to join the European Union. It also started to participate in the Partnership for Peace. The decision to join NATO was finally not made. The end of this thesis assesses the impacts of the Treaty of Lisbon on the Austrian neutrality and shows the possible development of the neutral status of Austria.

Diploma thesis deals with on the transformation of business companies with focus on the tax implications of these processes. At the beginning of this thesis is described theoretical basis of the thesis in which clarified the characteristics of individual companies, transformations of copmpanies and law, accounting and tax aspects of transformations of these companies. The own proposals make a model example which is focused on the merger of two limited liability companies and the defining of their accounting and tax implications of this transformation.