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Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-54). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Recurrence rate is often used to describe volcanic activity. There are numerous documented ex- amples of non-constant recurrence rate (e.g. Dohrenwend et al., 1984; Condit and Connor, 1996; Cronin et al., 2001; Bebbington and Cronin, 2011; Bevilacqua, 2015), but current techniques for calculating recurrence rate are unable to fully account for temporal changes in recurrence rate. A local–window recurrence rate model, which allows for non-constant recurrence rate, is used to calculate recurrence rate from an age model consisting of estimated ages of volcanic eruption from a Monte Carlo simulation. The Monte Carlo age assignment algorithm utilizes paleomagnetic and stratigraphic information to mask invalid ages from the radiometric date, represented as a Gaussian probability density function. To verify the age assignment algorithm, data from Heizler et al. (1999) for Lathrop Wells is modeled and compared. Synthetic data were compared with expected results and published data were used for cross comparison and verification of recurrence rate and volume flux calculations. The latest recurrence rate fully constrained by the data is reported, based upon data provided in the referenced paper: Cima Volcanic Field, 33 +55/-14 Events per Ma (Dohren- wend et al., 1984), Cerro Negro Volcano, 0.29 Events per Year (Hill et al., 1998), Southern Nevada Volcanic Field, 4.45 +1.84/-0.87 (Connor and Hill, 1995) and Arsia Mons, Mars, 0.09 +0.14/-0.06 Events per Ma (Richardson et al., 2015). The local–window approach is useful for 1) identifying trends in recurrence rate and 2) providing the User the ability to choose the best median recurrence rate and 90% confidence interval with respect to temporal clustering.

The content of the paper is to model new company in the American state, Nevada and its operation from the Czech Republic over the Internet. In this thesis is included theoretical resources, analytical section discusses the types of companies in the USA, the tax liability of companies related to the USA legislation and the final section proposes solution together with a cost calculation to establish a new company. And also which kind of services are used for doing business in the USA over the Internet.

In 2014, 32,675 deaths were recorded in vehicle crashes within the United States. Out of these, 51% of the fatalities occurred in rural highways compared to 49% in urban highways. No specific crash data are available for the built-up areas along rural highways. Due to high fatalities in rural highways, it is important to identify the factors that cause the vehicle crashes. The main objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with severities of crashes that occurred in built-up areas along the rural highways of Nevada. Those factors could aid in making informed decisions while setting up speed zones in these built-up areas. Using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model, 337 crashes that occurred in 11 towns along the rural highways from 2002 to 2010 were analyzed. The results showed that more crashes occurred during favorable driving conditions, e.g., 87% crashes on dry roads and 70% crashes in clear weather. The binary logistic regression model showed that crashes occurred from midnight until 4 a.m. were 58.3% likely to be injury crashes rather than property damage only crashes, when other factors were kept at their mean values. Crashes on weekdays were three times more likely to be injury crashes than that occurred on weekends. When other factors were kept at their mean value, crashes involving motorcycles had an 80.2% probability of being injury crashes. Speeding was found to be 17 times more responsible for injury crashes than mechanical defects of the vehicle. As a result of this study, the Nevada Department of Transportation now can take various steps to improve public safety, including steps to reduce speeding and encourage the use of helmets for motorcycle riders.

The North American Wall mafic dikes and the diorite of the Rockslides mafic complex in the intrusive suite of Yosemite Valley show evidence of mixing with their host granites as well as with earlier components. Whole rock major element variation diagrams indicate the mafic rocks mixed with a more silicic component, but extrapolating to the silica end member does not yield the same result with each element. Trace element concentrations show a wide variation in concentration of Cr and Ni, with two samples showing enrichment in Cr (>300 ppm) and Ni (~44 ppm) compared to other samples (Cr =13-94 ppm; Ni = 5-26 ppm). These samples have the most primitive epsilon Nd values (-3.3, -3.5 at 100 Ma) analyzed thus far for the intrusive suite, indicating the suite has a larger range of isotopic values than previously thought. Delta 18 oxygen for Rockslides samples vary from 6.6 to 7.5 per mille (6 samples, average 7.03), higher than the 5.5 + 0.3 range for the mantle, indicating the presence of a crustal component in the system. Plagioclase phenocrysts within each unit display bimodal compositional populations. Subhedral to euhedral partially resorbed calcic cores (mode = An84-88) are reminiscent of a mafic magma, while sodic rims (mode = An48-50) are the product of a more silicic component. Very little to no intermediate zoning is present between cores and rims. Mineral-scale 87Sr/86Sr analysis of plagioclase cores and rims are consistent with previously published enriched bulk-rock ratios for the suite (0.7065-0.7078), but are unable to distinguish between mixing components. The plagioclase isotopic data show no direct evidence for a depleted mantle melt component contaminated by crustal assimilation. However, the mafic rocks are comparable to high-alumina basalts, whose generation involves crystal fractionation and magma mixing/crustal assimilation. The evolution of these high-alumina basalts provides an opportunity for magma contamination to take place before plagioclase crystallization, thus explaining why plagioclase core-rim analysis could not distinguish between mixing components. Therefore, it is possible but not necessary to derive the rocks from an enriched mantle source, especially since the bulk-rock oxygen isotopic values indicate a significant crustal component is present.

Since no writing is entirely objective, it is the contention of this thesis that Dr. Juanita Brooks and Dr. LeRoy R. Hafen, the most authoritative writers of the Southern Nevada and Southern Utah region, were greatly influenced in their writings by the folklore of the region and of the people. The two aspects of folklore which are most prominent in their writings are, first, those which treat the supernatural aspect of divine intervention, and, second, those which surround the struggle for survival.Folklore stories of divine intervention include the lore of divine aid given in time of great need, divine counsel presented as a guide, and divine healings obtained through the medium of the church. Both good and evil influences are manifest.Folklore stories of survival include the lore centered about the home, the land, the food, the medicinal supplies, etc. Both the folklore stories of divine intervention and the folklore stories of survival are influenced by the region from which they arise, and from the kind of people who live in the region.The Southern Nevada and Southern Utah region is comprised of desert land which depends upon a notionable river for irrigation water. The people who live there belong to a church which embraces very emotional precepts. Given, then, a land which has been difficult to conquer, and a people who have relied upon divine intervention in every emergency, and one has the basis for the background of Dr. Brooks and Dr. Hafen. They are so much a part of their own survival lore and their own need for divine intervention in time of crisis, that the folk stories which have grown up around these motifs either find their way into their writings, or, are closely associated with those which are included.

Thin fallout tuffs in the Duchesne River Formation in the Uinta Basin, Utah are evidence that volcanism was active in northern Nevada and Utah in the late Eocene. The Uinta Basin is a sedimentary basin that formed during the Laramide orogeny. Ponded lakes of various salinity filled and emptied and during the late Eocene the northern rim was dominated by a wetland/floodplain depositional setting. Most of the tuffs have rhyolitic mineral assemblages including quartz, biotite, sanidine, and allanite. Rhyolitic glass shards were also found in one of the ash beds. Biotite compositions have Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios typical of calc-alkaline igneous rocks and clusters of biotite compositions suggest 3 or 4 volcanic events. Sanidine compositions from five samples grouped at Or73 and Or79. Only one sample had plagioclase with compositions ranging between An22 - An49. Some beds also contained accessory phases of titanite, apatite, and zircon. Whole rock compositions of the altered volcanic ash beds indicate these tuffs underwent post-emplacement argillic alteration, typical of a wetland/floodplain depositional setting. Immobile element ratios and abundances, such as Zr/Nb and Y are typical of a subduction zone tectonic setting and rhyolitic composition. 40Ar/39Ar ages constrain the timing of volcanism. One plagioclase and one sanidine separate from two different tuff beds yielded ages of 39.47 ± 0.16 Ma and 39.36± 0.15 Ma respectively. These dates, along with the compositional data seem to limit the eruptive source for these fallout tuffs to the northeast Nevada volcanic field. These new ages, along with previously published ages in the Bishop Conglomerate which unconformably overlies the Duchesne River Formation, constrain the timing of two uplift periods of the Uinta Mountains at 39 Ma and 34 Ma. Finally, the ages also date the fauna of the Duchesnean Land Mammal Age to be about 39.4 Ma as opposed to less precise earlier estimates that placed it between 42 and 33 Ma.

Thin fallout tuffs in the Duchesne River Formation in the Uinta Basin, Utah are evidence that volcanism was active in northern Nevada and Utah in the late Eocene. The Uinta Basin is a sedimentary basin that formed during the Laramide orogeny. Ponded lakes of various salinity filled and emptied and during the late Eocene the northern rim was dominated by a wetland/floodplain depositional setting. Most of the tuffs have rhyolitic mineral assemblages including quartz, biotite, sanidine, and allanite. Rhyolitic glass shards were also found in one of the ash beds. Biotite compositions have Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios typical of calc-alkaline igneous rocks and clusters of biotite compositions suggest 3 or 4 volcanic events. Sanidine compositions from five samples grouped at Or73 and Or79. Only one sample had plagioclase with compositions ranging between An22 - An49. Some beds also contained accessory phases of titanite, apatite, and zircon. Whole rock compositions of the altered volcanic ash beds indicate these tuffs underwent post-emplacement argillic alteration, typical of a wetland/floodplain depositional setting. Immobile element ratios and abundances, such as Zr/Nb and Y are typical of a subduction zone tectonic setting and rhyolitic composition. 40Ar/39Ar ages constrain the timing of volcanism. One plagioclase and one sanidine separate from two different tuff beds yielded ages of 39.47 ± 0.16 Ma and 39.36± 0.15 Ma respectively. These dates, along with the compositional data seem to limit the eruptive source for these fallout tuffs to the northeast Nevada volcanic field. These new ages, along with previously published ages in the Bishop Conglomerate which unconformably overlies the Duchesne River Formation, constrain the timing of two uplift periods of the Uinta Mountains at 39 Ma and 34 Ma. Finally, the ages also date the fauna of the Duchesnean Land Mammal Age to be about 39.4 Ma as opposed to less precise earlier estimates that placed it between 42 and 33 Ma.