This study examines the relationship between the first major religious revival in the New England colonies and the change from psalmody to hymnody in the mid-eighteenth century through an approach which integrates the two fields of theology and church music. The termination date is 1770, and the focus is Protestant congregational song in the three groups most influenced by Puritan thought: the Congregationalists, the Presbyterians, and the Baptists.While much has been written separately about the change in eighteenth-century sacred song and the Great Awakening itself, there has been little research that attempts to place the psalmody/hymnody issue within the larger context of the changing theological milieu. This study first examines the theological and ecclesiastical structures which provided the context for Reformed worship, and then explores how fundamental changes in those structures and thought systems impacted congregational song. In order to comprehend the major changes which occurred in the mid-eighteenth century in colonial America, chapters on the Reformed Church and the beginning and spread of psalmody, the New England colonies to 1700, and the beginning of English hymnody are included.Conclusions1. The primary conclusion of this study is that the Great Awakening is the single most important factor in the change from psalmody to hymnody in the New England colonies. It is not a peripheral factor as indicated in much of the research. Rather, it provides both the rationale and the means for the transition in church song. The Great Awakening represented a basic theological change from a theocentric to an anthropocentric viewpoint that subsequently required alterations in sacred song. The revival movement, through its evangelistic spirit, also provided the vehicle by which this change in psalmody was effected.2. The agitation of the 1720s as evidenced in the tracts and treatises did not affect the transition directly. However, it is indicative of the increasing discontent with traditional Calvinist theology.3. The Psalms and Hymns of Isaac Watts were not a primary reason for the change, but met the needs of the new anthropocentric theology of the Great Awakening that required a new language of praise. / School of Music

Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 2000. / Title from title page screen, viewed May 16, 2006. Dissertation Committee: L. Moody Simms (chair), Niles R. Holt, Lawrence W. McBride, Frederick D. Drake, Steven E. Kagle. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 296-299) and abstract. Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, 1981. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 98-99. / by Ronald Francis Fournier. / M.S.

No description available.

No description available.

A combined petrologic, structural, and geochronologic approach has been used to characterize a zone in southwestern New England affected by superimposed metamorphisms, and the unroofing history of an area that records only the youngest metamorphism. The area chosen for the study of polymetamorphism, northwestern Connecticut and adjacent New York and Massachusetts, records Taconian (Ordovician) peak metamorphic effects in the west and Acadian (Devonian) peak effects in the east. In between, a complicated zone of overlap contains predominantly Taconian mineral assemblages that have been variably affected by Acadian processes. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data presented here indicate that the timing of the Taconian thermal maximum was approximately 445 Ma, and that of the Acadian was approximately 390 Ma. Cooling ages suggest that the highest-grade Taconian assemblages at the present erosion surface remained at elevated metamorphic conditions between the Taconian and Acadian thermal maxima. Rim compositions of the highest-grade porphyroblasts in the Taconian zone generally yield P-T estimates that are inconsistent for subareas within a given thin section. With the onset of Acadian metamorphic overprinting conditions of approximately 500°C, the rim compositions of porphyroblasts yield P-T estimates that are much more consistent, and vary by only a maximum of ±50° C and 1 kb. These results are interpreted to indicate that the rims of preexisting Taconian porphyroblasts reequilibrated pervasively at approximately 500°C and above, whereas reequilibration was incomplete at lower Acadian overprinting temperatures. Garnet developed texturally and chemically distinct rims which appear to reflect prograde Acadian metamorphism in higher-grade parts of the Acadian metamorphic zone. Previous studies of garnet zoning have emphasized volume and surface diffusion as the primary means of changing mineral composition. However, in this polymetamorphic zone changes in the composition of preexisting garnet occurred by metasomatic dissolution and reprecipitation along porphyroblast surfaces in the presence of a metamorphic fluid. Diffusion seems significant for changing the garnet composition during the initial overprint only as an agent to move material in an intergranular fluid. The pressures and temperatures of the Acadian metamorphism a consistent metamorphic field gradient of 16 bar/°C, increasing eastward. In an area mainly affected by Acadian metamorphism, peak. metamorphic temperatures were 8.2 kb and 575°C. Nonlinear unroofing rates from ~10 to less than 1 mm/yr following the high-pressure Acadian metamorphism have been documented using combined petrologic, fluid inclusion, thermochronometric, and thermal modeling techniques. The calculated unroofing path is initially nearly isothermal and is followed by more isobaric cooling. Comparison of the inferred path to those predicted by thermal models suggests unroofing was characterized by initial rapid upward <i>en bloc</i> velocity (~ 1 cm/yr) of brief duration, followed by much slower unroofmg rates (≤ 0.3 mm/yr). This proposed unroofing history is consistent with the Paleozoic sedimentary and igneous record of western New England. / Ph. D.

by Chris Robyn. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-194). / Abstract --- p.ix. / Notes on Romanization --- p.xii. / List of Illustrations --- p.xiii. / Acknowledgements --- p.ivx. / Introduction: Building the Bridge --- p.1 / Chapter PART ONE: --- "RONG HONG'S AMERICA: THE VISION OF AN EAST-WEST SYNTHESIS,1847-1871" / The Convergence of East and West --- p.8 / An Auspicious Association Begins --- p.10 / Monson and Yale: The Capron Connection --- p.11 / The Dream is Born --- p.14 / Chapter PART TWO: --- "OUR CELESTIAL NEIGHBORS: THE CHINESE EDUCATIONAL COMMISSION IN NEW ENGLAND," / Arrival of the Celestials --- p.18 / A New England Childhood --- p.24 / A Community Awakens --- p.26 / The Roots Take Hold --- p.31 / The Centennial Year --- p.35 / The New Year --- p.37 / """Too Muchee She""" --- p.39 / The Scholars --- p.41 / Death in a Strange Land --- p.48 / Administrativia and Matters of Great Consequence --- p.55 / The Face of Defiance --- p.58 / "The Much-Maligned ""Old Man Wu""" --- p.61 / Recall and Reassimilation --- p.65 / Chapter PART THREE: --- "DEAR PHILANTHROPIC NEW ENGLAND: REFLECTIONS ON AMERICAN-CHINESE HOSPITALITY,1882-1930" / A Rude Awakening in China --- p.72 / """Homesickness Where the Devil Is But No Women""" --- p.74 / Strange Rumors --- p.77 / New England Endures --- p.81 / The Struggles of Kuang Oizhao --- p.87 / Rong Hong's Last Years --- p.89 / Chinese Educational Mission Memories --- p.95 / Crossing the Bridge --- p.97 / Conclusion --- p.102 / Illustrations --- p.107 / Appendix A： A Note on Sources --- p.124 / Appendix B： Geographic Origins of Chinese Educational Mission Students (Group List) --- p.128 / Appendix C: Geographic Origins of Chinese Educational Mission Students (Individual List) --- p.129 / Appendix D： Age Range of Chinese Educational Mission Students upon arrival in the United States --- p.132 / Appendix E： Rong Hong's Declaration of the Chinese Educational Mission --- p.133 / "Appendix F： Joint Declaration of the Chinese Educational Mission as Issued by Rong Hong and Chen Lanbin, August, 1873" --- p.135 / "Appendix G: ""The Northern Bear."" Oration Delivered at Hartford Public High School by Liang Dunyen, April 18, 1878" --- p.137 / "Appendix H： Open Letter Issued by Wu Jiashan to The Hartford Courant, April 27, 1880" --- p.138 / "Appendix I: Description of Rong Hong's house from Hartford Daily Courant,January 1882" --- p.140 / "Appendix J： Letter from Wu Yangzeng to I.P. Bissell, Tianjin, November 30, 1881" --- p.142 / Appendix K： American Hosts of the Chinese Students --- p.144 / Appendix L： Administration of the Chinese Educational Commission --- p.149 / "Appendix M： Diagram of Rong-Kellogg gravesite, Cedar Hill Cemetery, Hartford" --- p.150 / Appendix N： List of Primary-Secondary Educational Institutions Attended by Chinese Educational Mission Students --- p.152 / Appendix O: List of Tertiary Educational Institutions Attended by Chinese Educational Mission Students --- p.156 / Appendix P： Comparative Table of Romanization --- p.159 / Appendix Q： Glossary of Chinese Students by Detachment --- p.167 / Appendix R： LaFargue Listing of Chinese Educational Mission Students --- p.168 / Appendix S： Alphabetical Glossary of Chinese Names (pinyin) --- p.170 / End Notes --- p.171 / References --- p.188 / About the Author --- p.195

Sponsored by Boston Edison Company, New England Power Service Company, Northeast Utilities Service Company under M.I.T. Energy Laboratory Electric Utility Program.

This dissertation applies the concept of utopia to literature surrounding the English exploration and colonization of America. The term "utopia" refers to both a literary form and to that concept in human consciousness which catalyzes change in physical reality. Authors express utopia in the visionary aspects of their written representations. Visionary representations produce expectations of what the future may hold, and in this way they helped bring European civilization to America. Studying these representations is valuable for historical clarity and because these representations reveal utopia's function in affecting the course of the future.The study of early English-American literature requires terminology that the current reservoir of utopian terminology does not provide. I offer new terminology. This study defines four broad types of utopian vision specifically applicable to the English exploration and colonization of America. Active Complex visions prioritize maximum manipulation of the landscape to accommodate all the needs of a large and diverse population. Active Simple visions center on one staple venture, like sheepherding, to accommodate the needs of a small population. Divine Patent visions prioritize conformity to values inscribed in theistic religious literature. Natural Primitive visions prioritize the elimination of social infrastructure to achieve harmony with nature. These four types of utopian vision correspond to myths of the past that authors projected as hope for an ideal future.The four types of utopian vision appear throughout the narratives collected by Richard Hakluyt. Voyages by explorers like Sir John Hawkins, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, and Sir Walter Raleigh generated representations of America that expressed Active Complex, Active Simple, or Divine Patent visions. These representations also provided imagery that led to Natural Primitive visions of America. Captain John Smith's narratives about Virginia and New England reveal visions of Active Complex utopias. Puritan authors like William Bradford, Edward Winslow, John Winthrop, and Cotton Mather represented New England with Divine Patent visions. All of these utopian representations influenced later authors, including Thomas Jefferson, Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, and Timothy Dwight. They also continue to influence the way we imagine the United States of America today.

Thesis advisor: Marilynn S. Johnson / Thesis advisor: Davarian L. Baldwin / Drawing on urban history methodologies that re-frame "white flight" as a racialized struggle over metropolitan space and resources, this dissertation examines the transition of Lawrence, Massachusetts to New England's first Latino-majority city between 1945 and 2000. Although the population of this small, struggling mill city has never exceeded 100,000, it is not unique in its changing demographics; low-tier cities have become important nodal points in transnational networks in recent decades, as racialized patterns of urban disinvestment and gentrification encouraged a growing dispersal of Latinos from large cities like New York. While Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and Cubans gradually began to arrive in Lawrence in the 1960s, tens of thousands of white residents were already leaving the city, moving (along with Lawrence's industrial and retail establishments) out to the suburbs. As a result of this flight, the city was suffering from substantial economic decline by the time Latino settlement accelerated in the 1980s. Not all of Lawrence's white population fled, however. Instead, many white Lawrencians fought to maintain control in the city and to discourage Latino settlement. I focus on two nights of rioting between white and Latino residents in 1984, as a spectacular example of the racialized contestations that accompanied the city's social and economic transformations. Although the political power and public presence of Latinos dramatically increased in the years after the riots, half a century of uneven metropolitan development had left Lawrence without the resources or political clout to successfully confront the city's pervasive poverty. Lawrence's history demonstrates the expansion of urban crisis during the 1980s, and its impact on Latino communities in the Northeast. The building of a Latino majority in Lawrence was not simply a demographic shift; rather it was an uphill struggle against a devastated economy and a resistant white population. The transformation of Lawrence in spite of these obstacles highlights the energy and commitment that Latinos have brought to U.S. cities in crisis during the second half of the twentieth century. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.