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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated calcium signalling in neuronal cells

Brown, Jack January 2014 (has links)
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are highly permeable to Ca2+ and are clinical targets for Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. The aim of this work was to examine α7 nAChR-mediated Ca2+ signalling in neuronal cells using three different methods, and to evaluate the effects of the desensitizing agonist and prototypical smoking-cessation drug sazetidine-A on α7 nAChRs. Initial studies used 96-well plate assays with SH-SY5Y cells to characterize responses evoked by the α7 nAChR-selective agonist PNU-282987 and positive allosteric modulator PNU-120596. This was complemented by live-imaging of cortical cultures, where the compounds evoked robust Ca2+ responses from 12 % of cells. Co- application with Cd2+, ryanodine and xestospongin-C significantly inhibited these responses, suggesting the involvement of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and Ca2+- induced Ca2+-release. CNQX and MK801 also significantly inhibited α7 nAChR mediated Ca2+ elevations, indicating a role for glutamate release. A high-content screening assay was developed to further examine these phenomena. Exploratory experiments using KCl, AMPA and NMDA validated a protocol that could be used to image Ca2+ elevations in large cell populations. Inconsistent responses to PNU-120596 and PNU2-282987 were also observed, reflecting the scarcity of α7 nAChRs in cortical cultures and the need for assay optimization. Combination with immunofluorescent labelling revealed α7 nAChR mediated Ca2+ elevations in a subpopulation of astrocytes and neurons, some of which were GABAergic. PNU-120596 potentiated the effects of sazetidine-A in SH-SY5Y cells (EC50 0.4 μM) eliciting responses in 14 % of cells in cortical cultures in a methyllycaconitine- sensitive manner, consistent with α7 nAChR activation. Pre-incubation with sazetidine-A concentration-dependently attenuated subsequent α7 nAChR-mediated responses in SH-SY5Y cells (IC50 476 nM) and cortical cultures, suggesting that α7 nAChRs could play a role in the behavioural effects of sazetidine-A. These comparative experiments enhance our understanding of α7 nAChR signalling and provide a new method to study them further.
2

Cytotoxic Alkaloids from Microcos paniculata with Activity at Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors

Still, Patrick C. 09 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
3

Caractérisation des sous-types de récepteurs nicotiniques neuronaux d'insectes et étude de la modulation de leurs profils pharmacologiques par les insecticides néonicotinoïdes / Subtypes characterization and pharmacological profiles modulation study of insect nicotinic receptors by neonicotinoid insecticides

Cartereau, Alison 26 September 2018 (has links)
L’utilisation intensive des insecticides pour lutter contre les insectes ravageurs de culture et vecteurs demaladies, a conduit à des polémiques sur le mode d’action des insecticides. Ces polémiques sont liéesau fait que le mode d’action des insecticides, notamment des néonicotinoïdes est mal connu. Ils agissentprincipalement sur les récepteurs à l’acétylcholine (ACh) de type nicotinique (nAChR) qui jouent un rôlefondamental dans la transmission synaptique cholinergique. Bien que ces récepteurs soient bien décritschez les mammifères, très peu d’études ont évalué l’effet des néoniotinoïdes sur un récepteur natifd’insecte.Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons pour la première fois exprimé en ovocytes de xénope un récepteurhomomérique ⍺7 de blatte et étudié ces propriétés pharmacologiques vis-à-vis des néonicotinoïdes,comparativement au récepteur a7 de rat. Nos résultats révèlent un récepteur atypique qui est insensibleà l’⍺-bungarotoxine et qui n’est pas activé par les néonicotinoïdes. Ainsi, bien que les gènes codantpour les sous-unités α7 de blatte et de rat forment un groupe monophylétique distinct des autres sousunitésd’insectes et de mammifères, les récepteurs homomériques obtenus semblent avoir despropriétés pharmacologiques différentes. Parallèlement, nous avons étudié les propriétéspharmacologiques des nAChR natifs et notamment l’effet modulateur d’un pyréthrinoïde, la permethrine,sur les courants induits par le dinotefurane. Ce travail a permis d’évaluer le mode d’action d’unantiparasitaire, le Vectra 3D. Enfin, nous avons également entrepris de développer la techniqued’extraction membranaire afin de l’utiliser comme alternative pour étudier le mode d’action desinsecticides.Pour conclure, cette thèse a permis une avancée sur l’étude de la caractérisation des propriétéspharmacologiques des récepteurs nicotiniques neuronaux des insectes et sur l’étude du mode d’actiondes insecticides néonicotinoïdes. / The intensive use of insecticides against crop pests and vectors of human and animal leads to several polemics about their mode of action. All these controversies are related to the fact that the mode of action of insecticides in insects is poorly unknown, in particular neonicotinoids which act on nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChR).During this PhD thesis, we characterized for the first time the pharmacological properties of a cockroach ⍺7 homomeric receptor in a xenopus oocyte. Our results revealed that cockroach ⍺7 in an atypical receptor that is insensitive to ⍺-bungarotoxin and not activated by neonicotinoids. Cockroach and rat ⍺7 receptors which are included in the same cluster have distinct pharmacological properties. We then studied the pharmacological properties of native receptors, in particular, the modulatory effect of permethrin on dinotefuran-induced currents. This work was included in the study of Vectra 3D. We also evaluated the use of insect central nervous system membrane extraction as a strategy to study the pharmacological properties of insect native nAChRs.To conclude, this PhD contribute to the study of the pharmacological properties of insect nAChRs and the study of the mode of action of neonicotinoids insecticides.

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